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1 in systems using free chlorine as a residual disinfectant.
2 ance of both biofilm and detached biofilm to disinfectant.
3 the widespread use of aqueous chlorine as a disinfectant.
4 lowest oxidant exposure associated with each disinfectant.
5 monium from urine for use as a fertilizer or disinfectant.
6 , and the bronchoscope was never immersed in disinfectant.
7 least studied, especially in the presence of disinfectant.
8 on systems where chloramines are used as the disinfectant.
9 active ingredient in several EPA registered disinfectants.
10 tion by predator organisms, antibiotics, and disinfectants.
11 its intrinsic resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants.
12 line glutaraldehyde, and other commonly used disinfectants.
13 disinfectants, especially with more reactive disinfectants.
14 ne, along with pools treated with these same disinfectants.
15 nificant cross-resistance to genome-damaging disinfectants.
16 that they can be inactivated by other common disinfectants.
17 from deleterious external attacks including disinfectants.
18 Proteins are important targets of chemical disinfectants.
19 ir virulence and efficacy as therapeutics or disinfectants.
22 e parameters, was first applied to bacterial disinfectant action and then was successfully used to mo
23 Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important disinfectant and bleach and is currently manufactured fr
24 water utilities using chlorine as a primary disinfectant and chloramines for maintenance of a distri
25 ch bleach was used); UV (quaternary ammonium disinfectant and disinfecting ultraviolet [UV-C] light e
27 It is used in water supply treatment as a disinfectant and slime preventive and has an advantage o
28 eatment plants using chlorine as an upstream disinfectant and the extent and rate at which those chan
29 the specific biomolecules reacting with the disinfectant and the mechanism of disinfection remains e
36 ucts (DBPs) that form from reactions between disinfectants and nitrogen-containing precursors, the la
37 e environmental hazards such as antibiotics, disinfectants and oxidative stress agents by modulating
38 than the samples treated with chlorine-based disinfectants and was not significantly different compar
41 eposits protect the associated bacteria from disinfectants, and due to their mobility, the associated
42 ysts in the environment or after exposure to disinfectants, and therefore their potential infectivity
43 ibuted to improving our understanding of how disinfectants, applied to control biofouling of reverse
45 , bleach, and ammonia; minimizing the use of disinfectants; avoidance of mixing products; use of resp
46 peroxide, formaldehyde, and the iodine-based disinfectant Betadine; (iii) the absence of DPA increase
48 raviolet (UV) light is being considered as a disinfectant by the water industry because it appears to
50 ions of dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN), a common disinfectant by-product found in many water supply syste
51 is likely due to not only the consumption of disinfectants by the biofilm and the reduced disinfectan
52 s, including preservatives, antioxidants and disinfectants, by evaluating the performance of differen
54 eter prisms in eye care and to highlight how disinfectants can damage tonometer tips and cause subseq
56 resenting distribution networks experiencing disinfectant changeover from free chlorine to monochlora
59 lication to pool water, they can (1) release disinfectant chlorine or (2) stabilize the free availabl
60 Cs could serve as a water recovery system, a disinfectant/cleaner generator that limits undesired bio
65 ng system materials and two commonly applied disinfectants, copper and chloramines, on water chemistr
67 agnant water, where the relationship between disinfectant decay, microbial growth, and water age is p
70 conditions including different pH levels and disinfectant doses that are typical of drinking water di
71 n animal bioassay, we compared the TSE agent disinfectant efficacy of a commercially available produc
73 viruses in the environment and resistance to disinfectants, especially with more reactive disinfectan
74 r strategies: reference (quaternary ammonium disinfectant except for C difficile, for which bleach wa
75 ditions, biofilms were prepared under either disinfectant exposure (predisinfected biofilms) or disin
77 biofilm thickness within the first month of disinfectant exposure was presumably due to the consumpt
78 However, by the second to third month during disinfectant exposure, the biofilm mean stiffness showed
81 Thus, understanding how long-term residual disinfectants exposure affects biofilm mechanical and st
82 ption of antisense gene silencing as a novel disinfectant for prokaryotic organisms is hindered by po
83 ectant exposure (predisinfected biofilms) or disinfectant-free (untreated biofilms) conditions, respe
85 No inhibition by antibacterial agents or disinfectants from the hospital was observed in the MBR.
87 rhexidine is widely used as an antiseptic or disinfectant in both hospital and community settings.
88 ient of household bleach, is the most common disinfectant in medical, industrial, and domestic use an
91 the JSRV vector was inactivated by standard disinfectants, indicating that JSRV vectors pose no unus
92 tems, often achieved through the addition of disinfectants, is essential to limiting waterborne illne
100 , a widely used class of quaternary ammonium disinfectants, on microbial community structure and anti
101 d compounds including antibiotics, household disinfectants, organic solvents and other toxic chemical
102 disinfectants by the biofilm and the reduced disinfectant penetration into the biofilm but also the c
103 PS components with monochloramine influenced disinfectant penetration, biofilm inactivation, as well
104 d homo- and heterocyclic aromatics including disinfectants, pesticides and pharmaceuticals raise conc
106 ibutions from the wells and without residual disinfectant present in these systems, any increase in v
109 tein reactions, this study characterized the disinfectant:protein molar ratios at which 50% degradati
112 targeting of amino acids is driven by their disinfectant rate constants rather than their geometrica
113 ion of distribution system conditions with a disinfectant residual of 1 mgC2 L(-1) showed complete co
115 This study highlights the interaction among disinfectant residual, biofilms, and L. pneumophila, whi
119 vermiformis and the depletion of chloramine disinfectant residuals by nitrifying bacteria, leading t
120 OPPPs share the common characteristics of disinfectant resistance and growth in biofilms in water
123 and cysticidal efficacy of four multipurpose disinfectant solutions (MPDSs) and a one-step hydrogen p
124 anic matter suspended in water that consumes disinfectants) sourced from operational drinking water d
125 yproducts (DBPs) formed from the reaction of disinfectants such as chlorine and monochloramine with o
126 tudy show that monochloramine is a promising disinfectant that can prevent Legionella contamination o
127 ld be employed to devise methods of applying disinfectants that minimize byproduct formation while ac
129 is increasingly being used as an alternative disinfectant to free chlorine to maintain a residual in
130 For experiments with water flow containing a disinfectant to release the biofilm-associated L. pneumo
131 ritate the cornea, harbor microbes, or allow disinfectants to enter the interior of the tonometer tip
132 hlorides (BACs)-an active ingredient of many disinfectants-to benzyldimethyl amine (BDMA) was identif
136 to examine the influence of pipe materials, disinfectant type, and water age on occurrence and persi
137 e appeared to display a distinct response to disinfectant type, pipe materials, water age, and their
140 of 0.2% chlorine peroxide as a bactericidal disinfectant was compared to that of 10% providone iodin
142 water containing free chlorine as a residual disinfectant were more likely to have a reported outbrea
143 bly, neither contact lens care solutions nor disinfectants were associated with corneal staining.
144 insecticide-treated bednets, soap, and water disinfectant) were marketed in 30 intervention villages
145 t and an active ingredient of EPA-registered disinfectants with wide human exposure in various agricu
146 viruses become inactivated by drinking water disinfectants would facilitate the development of sensor
147 ruses can exhibit resistance to common water disinfectants, yet the mechanisms that allow them to tol
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