ライフサイエンスコーパス: dissociative

1 ansition state that is concerted rather than dissociative.

2 limination are very shallow, and several are dissociative.

3 20 patients with classical dystonia revealed dissociative (42 versus 0%, P = 0.001) and affective dis

4 PK phosphatase 1 in the lung, confirming the dissociative action of CpdA.

5 Surprisingly, Mte1 antagonizes the D-loop-dissociative activity of Mph1-MHF and exerts a procrosso

6 the plasma were likely to be responsible via dissociative addition to the disulfide bond (RSSR'), giv

7 nto the mechanisms that are operative in the dissociative adsorption and absorption of hydrogen on/in

8 uarter of impinging oxygen molecules undergo dissociative adsorption and eventual incorporation into

9 y functional theory calculations predict the dissociative adsorption of a single water molecule (E ad

10 This was accomplished by studying the dissociative adsorption of formic acid on oxygen-presatu

11 On O-sat Pt(111), the integral heat of the dissociative adsorption of formic acid to make monodenta

12 rogen on the clusters is inferred to form by dissociative adsorption of H(2); alternatively, it is pr

13 transient formation of active sites for the dissociative adsorption of H2 molecules on a palladium (

14 We tracked the dissociative adsorption of H2O onto the GaN(0001) surfac

15 deposited on the CeO2(111) surface to study dissociative adsorption of methanol and its subsequent d

16 Dissociative adsorption of methanol at different sites o

17 he enthalpy and sticking probability for the dissociative adsorption of methyl iodide were measured o

18 ) at surface oxygen vacancies, as well as by dissociative adsorption of O(2) across the closed-shell

19 mposed of two characteristic stages, namely, dissociative adsorption of oxygen followed by partial ox

20 For example, the dissociative adsorption of the diatomic molecule H2--a c

21 s have been formed on the Pt(111) surface by dissociative adsorption of their respective alkyl and fl

22 d to play the decisive role in promoting the dissociative adsorption of water molecules and subsequen

23 and/or OH surface species resulting from the dissociative adsorption of water.

24 n a single collision reaction with Cl and in dissociative adsorption on a Ni surface bear some striki

25 The initial sticking coefficient for N(2) dissociative adsorption on the Ru/HOPG model catalysts i

26 Similarly, its integral heat of dissociative adsorption to make bidentate formate (HCOOb

27 rface of the nanoparticles, but some undergo dissociative adsorption, leading to oxide species on the

28 ctive Mo-rich sites that can undergo dynamic dissociative adsorption/desorption processes with molecu

29 the groups with regard to psychotomimetic or dissociative adverse effects.

30 Ketamine, a dissociative agent, functions uniquely and requires its

31 of the transition states for associative and dissociative alkylation reactions.

32 S1 is dissociative along that N-N coordinate to form the singl

33 al (C3) carbon atom in the double bond under dissociative and associative conditions.

34 s in ZIF-8 proceed via a competition between dissociative and associative exchange mechanisms, and gu

35 However, the reaction barriers for the dissociative and associative pathways of tri-phosphate h

36 otinamide cleavage reaction employs a highly dissociative and concerted displacement mechanism: the c

37 ectivity that is traced to competing solvent-dissociative and nondissociative dissociative pathways f

38 m severity and the frequency and severity of dissociative and psychotomimetic effects.

39 O-mannosylation and beta-C-mannosylation are dissociative and S(N)1-like.

40 ffects and perceptual alterations, including dissociative and somaesthetic effects, increased plasma

41 The exchange is dissociative and zero order in [COE].

42 Both the stepwise (or dissociative) and the concerted (or associative) pathway

43 rylation reaction catalyzed by PKA is mainly dissociative, and Asp166 serves as the catalytic base to

44 edation-unconsciousness, sedation-analgesia, dissociative anesthesia, pharmacologic non-REM sleep, an

45 tor with IC50 values similar to those of the dissociative anesthetic (S)-(+)-ketamine.

46 Human studies examining the effects of the dissociative anesthetic ketamine as a model for psychosi

47 Abuse of the dissociative anesthetic ketamine can lead to a syndrome

48 have confirmed the potential utility of this dissociative anesthetic medication for treatment of majo

49 Recognition that dissociative anesthetics block the N-methyl-D-aspartate

50 Dissociative anesthetics that antagonize the N-methyl-D-

51 NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonists are dissociative anesthetics, drugs of abuse, and are of the

52 racted information about the associative and dissociative behavior of the origami.

53 The dissociative binding efficiency of oxygen over Pd(n)/TiO

54 of photochemical reactions are likely to be dissociative, but hydride complexes may be designed with

55 f the translational energy released during a dissociative capture event), and (c) to provide complete

56 port the experimental results confirming the dissociative character of the excited states formed upon

57 tion reaction with a transition state of 70% dissociative character.

58 lines of evidence indicate a mechanism with dissociative character.

59 e-mediated GTP hydrolysis is of considerable dissociative character.

60 te-limiting S(N)2-like transition state with dissociative characteristics for CVIM, while, due to the

61 Dissociative charge exchange of CH5+ with Cs, coupled wi

62 eve the (chemically) accurate calculation of dissociative chemisorption and scattering probabilities.

63 bove 150 degrees C, which is consistent with dissociative chemisorption into NO and atomic O accompan

64 On the Ir(111) surface, the dissociative chemisorption of cyclobutane, cyclopentane,

65 tep for alpha or beta phase PdH formation is dissociative chemisorption of hydrogen for each palladiu

66 posed mechanism may be broadly applicable to dissociative chemisorption of NH3 on other metal oxide s

67 the monomer phenylene units formed from the dissociative chemisorption of p-diiodobenzene.

68 s with water, which can be attributed to the dissociative chemisorption of water at specific surface

69 dsorption modes, molecular physisorption and dissociative chemisorption.

70 lization is sufficient to favor a relatively dissociative concerted transition state resembling weakl

71 he calculations also provide support for the dissociative course of the key 1,3-shift step.

72 e developed a novel set of collision-induced dissociative cross-linking reagents and methodology for

73 mbination of electrostatic collision-induced dissociative cross-linking reagents that differentially

74 Analysis of KIEs indicated a highly dissociative D(N)A(N) (S(N)1) stepwise mechanism with ve

75 e Escherichia coli MTAN reaction undergoes a dissociative (D(N)A(N)) (S(N)1) mechanism with little in

76 A dissociative (D) pathway proceeds via initial loss of H(

77 Dissociative deamidation occurs along the N-C(alpha) bon

78 For 1-ole, substitution was dissociative (deltaG(double dagger)(diss)), and in combi

79 reactions of p-oxidophenylnitrene formed by dissociative deprotonation of p-azidophenol indicate eit

80 H(2)(-)-substituted phenylnitrene, formed by dissociative deprotonation of p-azidotoluene, with CS(2)

81 re-dependent decrease in the temperature for dissociative desorption was observed for both amino acid

82 Compared to the patients without a dissociative disorder diagnosis, patients with a dissoci

83 d during the study had previously received a dissociative disorder diagnosis.

84 ealed that only four (5%) patients in whom a dissociative disorder was identified during the study ha

85 ociative disorder diagnosis, patients with a dissociative disorder were significantly more likely to

86 terviewed patients received a diagnosis of a dissociative disorder.

87 s (35%) completed a structured interview for dissociative disorders (Dissociative Disorders Interview

88 rgest mean dissociation scores were found in dissociative disorders (mean scores >35), followed by po

89 The high prevalence of dissociative disorders found in this study may be relate

90 study was to assess the prevalence of DSM-IV dissociative disorders in an inner-city outpatient psych

91 ctured interview for dissociative disorders (Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule).

92 Risk factors associated with dissociative disorders merit further study.

93 e scores and diagnoses of panic disorder and dissociative disorders were also associated with ataque

94 Dissociative disorders were highly prevalent in this cli

95 The rate constants of oxidative and dissociative dissolution of Ag(0) and Ag(I) species asso

96 state of E:R-HsPNP is altered from the fully dissociative DN*AN character for HsPNP to a late phospha

97 such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and dissociative drugs such as phencyclidine (PCP) and the s

98 37YTEYLSSAF545 deletion had an insignificant dissociative effect.

99 nual cingulate, which strongly predicted its dissociative effects and increased activity in mid-poste

100 ll tolerated with minimal psychotomimetic or dissociative effects and was not associated with clinica

101 pressive symptoms without psychotomimetic or dissociative effects.

102 ly, accompanied by brief psychotomimetic and dissociative effects.

103 various charge-reduction processes, such as dissociative electron and proton transfer and heterolyti

104 vide complete thermochemical descriptions of dissociative electron attachment by measuring ion lifeti

105 bulk water and as such are incompatible with dissociative electron attachment reactions in DNA.

106 nism that couples vibrational excitation and dissociative electron attachment steps.

107 as biological radiation damage arising from dissociative electron attachment.

108 Our investigations also suggest that dissociative electron capture is the main ionization rou

109 that reduction of 5 may occur by a concerted dissociative electron transfer (DET) mechanism (i.e., el

110 examined within the mechanistic framework of dissociative electron transfer in the presence of a Lewi

111 sing Saveant's theory pertaining to stepwise dissociative electron transfer.

112 ysis of the activation reaction according to dissociative electron-transfer (DET) theory suggests tha

113 Recently, we have discovered a unique dissociative electron-transfer mechanism of action of ci

114 troscopic measurements confirm the effective dissociative electron-transfer reaction between TMPD and

115 These results are consistent with a dissociative electrophilic alkylation mechanism where th

116 on at one of the sites, is consistent with a dissociative electrophilic alkylation of the indole ring

117 ay in part predict individual differences in dissociative experiences due to ketamine use.

118 xiety and Depression Scale and Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire 3 months after in

119 discharge and 86 completed the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire at ICU discharge

120 ress Inventory), dissociation (Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire), and posttraumat

121 Correlations of baseline measures with the Dissociative Experiences Scale and endogenous opioid sys

122 parable age and gender were administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Childhood Trauma

123 Dissociative Experiences Scale scores and diagnoses of p

124 pleted self-report measures of dissociation (Dissociative Experiences Scale) and trauma history (Trau

125 ity Pathology-Basic Questionnaire [DAPP-BQ], Dissociative Experiences Scale, and Screening Test for S

126 hy comparison subjects were administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale, the Tridimensional Perso

127 ribution of dissociation, as assessed by the Dissociative Experiences Scale, within different categor

128 re, the Limbic Symptom Checklist-33, and the Dissociative Experiences Scale.

129 ucleus and the lateral prefrontal cortex and dissociative experiences.

130 ndo formation of carbon-based tribofilms via dissociative extraction from base-oil molecules on catal

131 O2 of uracil underlies the UDG activity in a dissociative fashion, Tth UDGb relies on multiple cataly

132 ues observed, associative for (Py)LCu(I) but dissociative for (NMe(2))LCu(I) and (Im)LCu(I); these re

133 ic stabilization to TTR, thus inhibiting its dissociative fragmentation and subsequent aggregation to

134 acute psychogenic memory loss (also known as dissociative/functional amnesia), and still fewer studie

135 trapped synaptic complex correlates with the dissociative half-life of the STI observed with HIV IN-D

136 s and symptoms, including depersonalization, dissociative hallucinations, and intermittent amnesia at

137 Potential psychotomimetic, dissociative, hemodynamic, and general adverse effects a

138 ctronically similar to the oxocarbenium-like dissociative hPNP transition state, DADMe-ImmH is more p

139 Authors explore the limit case of dissociative identity disorder in order to explore how a

140 Dissociative identity disorder was diagnosed in five (6%

141 iple pathways that are either associative or dissociative in nature.

142 ed issue, as to whether it is associative or dissociative in nature.

143 nce energy of C(2)H(5)(+) is consistent with dissociative ionization of C(2)H(5)OO via the Franck-Con

144 yl cation signal suggests its formation from dissociative ionization of C(2)H(5)OO.

145 with respect to its performance as a soft or dissociative ionization source.

146 duty cycle the plasma evolved from a soft to dissociative ionization source.

147 te significantly to the hydrogen elimination dissociative ionization yield.

148 results are consistent with rate-determining dissociative loss of methane from this intermediate to p

149 g affinity values (K(D)), in part because of dissociative losses from tetramer-stained cells.

150 [DEDAM] plots is interpreted according to a dissociative mechanism (D).

151 eal that Ti(citrate)3 reacts with HBED via a dissociative mechanism and that the stability of TiHBED

152 g to an associative mechanism, rather than a dissociative mechanism as in the Haber-Bosch process.

153 an associative mechanism or (ii) a stepwise dissociative mechanism in which the alkylation step is r

154 arkably, our results show a new RNA-specific dissociative mechanism in which the bulk water accepts t

155 putative dinitrosyl intermediate forms via a dissociative mechanism in which the endogenous His ligan

156 ead that PEP mutase catalysis proceeds via a dissociative mechanism in which the pyruvyl C(3) adds to

157 st reveals that for these types of systems a dissociative mechanism is in operation.

158 (3)P)(3)Rh(Cl)] with free PPh(3) (THF) via a dissociative mechanism occurs exclusively from the sites

159 eal a near zero beta(nuc), consistent with a dissociative mechanism of phosphotransfer.

160 *)Ph (H* = H, D) with MeI is suggestive of a dissociative mechanism on the basis of DFT calculations.

161 These results rule out a dissociative mechanism or a mechanism that has an obliqu

162 -Ir-Py, undergo degenerate Py exchange via a dissociative mechanism with activation parameters for Ph

163 ed through an intermediate of metaphosphate (dissociative mechanism) or through a trigonal bipryamida

164 rom cationic Pd(IV) fluoride complexes via a dissociative mechanism.

165 le dagger) = 14(4) eu) are consistent with a dissociative mechanism.

166 library peptide was shown to occur through a dissociative mechanism.

167 hosphoenolpyruvate to phosphonopyruvate by a dissociative mechanism.

168 he oxidative addition reactions proceed by a dissociative mechanism.

169 ether these knots arise by a processive or a dissociative mechanism.

170 NMR spectroscopy and are in agreement with a dissociative mechanism.

171 od sexual abuse (36.4%, n=12), premorbid non-dissociative mental illness (81.1%, n=27) and employment

172 colon carcinoma (HCT-8) cells can exhibit a dissociative, metastasis-like phenotype (MLP) in vitro w

173 ed to as motor conversion disorder (DSM-IV), dissociative motor disorder (ICD-10) and 'psychogenic' p

174 as a manifestation of conversion disorder or dissociative motor disorder.

175 The transition state of E:R-HsPNP is fully dissociative, N7-protonated hypoxanthine (C1'-N9 distanc

176 they are more closely related to the highly dissociative nature of the transition state.

177 photransfer center is asymmetric, poised for dissociative nucleophilic substitution.

178 n a dianionic or monoanionic substrate and a dissociative or associative pathway, respectively, can b

179 echanism for prenyltransfer reactions may be dissociative or associative with early to late transitio

180 he intermediary of free protein, and a fully dissociative or jumping mechanism to translocate between

181 Together, this points to dissociative OS-SET (SET to a sigma* orbital concerted w

182 we deduce that the first step of oxidation, dissociative oxygen adsorption, occurs uniformly over ma

183 al deficits in memory retention for temporal dissociative passive avoidance and object recognition me

184 he potential surface for the associative and dissociative paths is very flat and that the relative he

185 ule rupture and re-folding, in which a steep dissociative pathway accounted for the high plateau modu

186 ificantly lower the activation energy of the dissociative pathway for both mono-phosphate and tri-pho

187 parture of the second anthracene, and (ii) a dissociative pathway in which [P2A] fragments to P2 and

188 e very close in aqueous solution, though the dissociative pathway is more favorable in the gas phase.

189 ults show that for mono-phosphate ester, the dissociative pathway is much more favorable than the ass

190 tion was enhanced under conditions where the dissociative pathway predominates.

191 rm into the active cis-form occurs through a dissociative pathway with a calculated DeltaH(0 K)() = 3

192 nalogous charge transfer was observed in the dissociative pathway, where Pgamma-O bond dissociation r

193 Model systems in solution support the dissociative pathway, whereas most enzymologists favor a

194 By contrast, the barrier of the dissociative pathway, with respect to the gas phase, is

195 a five-coordinate, 16 electron complex by a dissociative pathway.

196 d 2 preferentially initiate according to the dissociative pathway; for the less bulky olefins (BuVE,

197 al evidence, support the dianionic-substrate/dissociative-pathway alternative.

198 ing solvent-dissociative and nondissociative dissociative pathways for the elimination of LiCl and Li

199 ics held true at the inductive, plateau, and dissociative phases of the GC response, suggesting a ste

200 catalysis follows an in-line, predominantly dissociative, phosphotransfer reaction mechanism, and th

201 ture to 80 K, we have been able to study the dissociative photochemistry of the triiodide anion (I3(-

202 hotofragment coincidence measurements of the dissociative photodetachment (DPD) of the F(-)(H2O) anio

203 The photoionization and dissociative photoionization of glycerol are studied exp

204 Furthermore, the dissociative photoionization of the glycerol dimer is in

205 e found to contribute to the associative and dissociative processes, mimicking naturally occurring re

206 Abrogation of the tight binding and slow dissociative properties of ITMN-191 is observed with pro

207 )(H2O)n]* activated complexes either undergo dissociative proton transfer, resulting in deprotonation

208 the aromatic ring, which is described as the dissociative protonation site.

209 e exposed to UV photons and other sources of dissociative radiation, and if sufficiently mobile the r

210 ge may be determined and are indicative of a dissociative reaction and are consistent with our previo

211 er a wide range (5.5-8.9), consistent with a dissociative reaction mechanism that is rate-limited by

212 lg) = -1.6 +/- 0.2, consistent with a highly dissociative reaction mechanism.

213 molecule physisorbed at a surface can induce dissociative reaction of one adsorbate bond.

214 For the dianionic substrate, a dissociative reaction pathway with early proton transfer

215 uncovered, and the unexpected discovery of a dissociative reactional center, sheds light on the evolu

216 Here we introduce a strategy to avoid dissociative reactions by including a molecular hot exci

217 tent with non-homology-induced two rounds of dissociative recombination by Flp, the first to generate

218 ) in diffuse clouds and the recognition that dissociative recombination of H(3)(+) is fast has led to

219 iative oxidative e.t. reaction followed by a dissociative reductive e.t. process.

220 n-ricin recognition loop of 28S rRNA and the dissociative ribocation transition state established for

221 d be generated along with CO(2) in the usual dissociative route.

222 Methoxy-mediated dissociative routes become prevalent at higher temperatu

223 and computational studies have established a dissociative S(N)1 transition state for Escherichia coli

224 '-(14)C and 9-(15)N) suggest that MTAP has a dissociative S(N)1 transition state with its cationic ce

225 ted here is asymmetric and consistent with a dissociative S(N)1 type mechanism in which attack of the

226 ss new predictions regarding diffraction and dissociative scattering of H2 under such conditions.

227 However, acute dissociative side effects and eventual fading of antidep

228 ressant efficacy without psychotomimetic and dissociative side effects.

229 but antidepressant effects were preceded by dissociative side effects.

230 We characterize a dissociative single-displacement (S(N)i) mechanism consi

231 Several dissociative singlet states are also observed, correspon

232 [1'-14C] and [9-15N] KIEs indicate a highly dissociative SN1 transition state with low bond order to

233 , a strong preference is observed for a more dissociative solvent-assisted pathway.

234 as a significant increase in measurements of dissociative state after ketamine initiation (p < .05),

235 ubjects produced complex content in a trance dissociative state suggests they were not merely relaxed

236 asures, including the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale, the Brief Psychiatric Rating

237 hiatric Rating Scale, Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale, verbal fluency, Hopkins Verba

238 cused on the spiritual experiences involving dissociative states such as mediumship, in which an indi

239 state, contrary to the previously determined dissociative structure of the transition state.

240 of the disorder, and a small but distinctly dissociative subgroup that composed 12% of individuals w

241 demiologic data documenting the value of the dissociative subtype in distinguishing a meaningful prop

242 Although the proposal for a dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder (P

243 arylsulfotransferase IV likely proceeds by a dissociative (sulfotrioxide-like) mechanism.

244 at excessive or out-of-phase REM sleep fuels dissociative symptomatology.

245 In 'sudden onset' cases, panic (n=29, 59%), dissociative symptoms (n=19, 39%) and injury to the rele

246 g the patients and showed no relationship to dissociative symptoms and disorder or number of ataques.

247 tly negatively correlated with psychotic and dissociative symptoms at 40 minutes.

248 However, peritraumatic dissociative symptoms at the time of the accident were a

249 Fewer dissociative symptoms in both patient groups were associ

250 of careful psychopathological assessment of dissociative symptoms in the entire range of mental diso

251 Among these 29 patients, clinician-rated dissociative symptoms increased with frequency of ataque

252 Dissociative symptoms occurred transiently and attenuate

253 c psychological distress were used to assess dissociative symptoms of depersonalization and derealiza

254 rceptual alterations (Clinician Administered Dissociative Symptoms Scale (CADSS)), and subjective eff

255 rceptual alterations (Clinician Administered Dissociative Symptoms Scale (CADSS)).

256 ve Syndrome Scale and Clinician-Administered Dissociative Symptoms Scale.

257 antly correlated with the psychosis-like and dissociative symptoms under ketamine.

258 ferences between PTSD with and without these dissociative symptoms were examined across a variety of

259 Dissociative symptoms were present in 14.4% of responden

260 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), early dissociative symptoms, depression, and health care utili

261 valuated for frequency of ataque de nervios, dissociative symptoms, exposure to trauma, and mood and

262 ents were screened for PTSD, depressive, and dissociative symptoms, for prior trauma, for pre-event f

263 y impairments in psychiatric conditions with dissociative symptoms, in which individuals feel detache

264 olerated; the most common adverse effect was dissociative symptoms, only at the 40-minute point.

265 The most common side effect was dissociative symptoms, which occurred only at the 40-min

266 ed with patients' depressive, psychotic, and dissociative symptoms.

267 es of ketamine correlated with psychotic and dissociative symptoms.

268 rs may render individuals more vulnerable to dissociative symptoms.

269 r for psychiatric disorders characterized by dissociative symptoms.

270 ed without clinically significant persistent dissociative symptoms.

271 n activity as subjects were writing, in both dissociative trance and non-trance states.

272 on-state theory with an assumption of a late dissociative transition state (TS), in which the ligand

273 mplex can be largely accounted for by a late dissociative transition state and the rehydration of B a

274 lization of the native TTR tetramer over the dissociative transition state by small molecule binding

275 roup dependence is consistent with a largely dissociative transition state for AP-catalyzed hydrolysi

276 range of aryl phosphates clearly indicate a dissociative transition state for the Cdc25A reaction th

277 participation of the acetyl-lysine, and the dissociative transition state has a significant oxocarbe

278 tcome that is inconsistent with the expected dissociative transition state in which CO(2) forms along

279 ors selectively to the native state over the dissociative transition state or by the introduction of

280 tion of the tetrameric state of TTR over the dissociative transition state raises the kinetic barrier

281 the native tetrameric state of TTR over the dissociative transition state under amyloidogenic condit

282 This pathway proceeds via a dissociative transition state where the C-O bond cleavag

283 sis of MTA by E. coli MTAN involves a highly dissociative transition state with ribooxacarbenium ion

284 eds by a concerted mechanism that involves a dissociative transition state, although the negative cha

285 sis of phosphate monoesters through a loose, dissociative transition state, similar to that in soluti

286 tabilizing the native tetramer more than the dissociative transition state, thereby raising the kinet

287 In the proposed dissociative transition state, which occurs in the close

288 ity for inhibitors that are mimics of a late dissociative transition state.

289 iation, apparently by destabilization of the dissociative transition state.

290 19M) into heterotetramers to destabilize the dissociative transition state.

291 ooxacarbenium mimics, consistent with a more dissociative transition state.

292 an oxacarbenium ion intermediate in a highly dissociative transition state.

293 The reaction differs from the dissociative transition states previously reported for N

294 piens (Hs) OPRTs are characterized by highly dissociative transition states with ribocation character

295 We have produced the Wigner-Huntington dissociative transition to atomic metallic hydrogen in t

296 t the relative height of the associative and dissociative TS is different in different systems.

297 the phosphorodithioate analogue into a more dissociative type, where the leaving group carries a lar

298 racter of the TS changes from associative to dissociative upon decrease in the pKa of the leaving gro

299 = 2) state that appears at low energy and is dissociative with respect to the Fe-NO bond.

300 racter gradually changes from associative to dissociative with the increasing acidity of the leaving