ライフサイエンスコーパス: efferent

1 achieve graded muscle contraction (actuation efferent).

2 with feedback loops, modulatory inputs, and efferents.

3 ine central gray are major recipients of LHb efferents.

4 s were neither type I SGNs nor olivocochlear efferents.

5 propriate activation of selected sympathetic efferents.

6 cate that onset and decay characteristics of efferent activation are dependent on the temporal and le

7 Human auditory efferent activation linearizes the cochlear response for

8 Efferent activation of the cervical vagus nerve (cVN) da

9 dicate that a precursor (>20 dB SPL) induced efferent activation, resulting in a decrease in both max

10 rom the cut left cardiac vagal branch showed efferent activity that peaked in post-inspiration, appro

11 AChR is an important component of vestibular efferent activity, other peripheral or central nAChRs in

12 nts in their peripherally located parts, and efferents also innervate muscle fibers.

13 ohistochemistry, to characterize the SNc/VTA efferent and afferent connectivity, and to relate its pr

14 action of the toxin appears to involve both efferent and afferent nerve pathways, as well as having

15 requirement for capsid function at both the efferent and afferent phases of viral replication.

16 is suggests that, through the integration of efferent and afferent signals, the safety boundary aroun

17 rial section electron microscopy showed that efferent and afferent synaptic structures are juxtaposed

18 by extrinsic sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent and spinal afferent neurons, via axons in colon

19 among neurons that have been chronically de-efferented and de-afferented due to amputation.

20 eased densities of NGF-sensitive sympathetic efferents and sensory afferents.

21 e is capable of activating prey motor neuron efferents, and hence muscles.

22 Here, we show that efferents are essential for long-term maintenance of coc

23 These efferents are functionally inhibitory, using the same io

24 ir cell areas suggested that outer hair cell efferents are the most important in minimizing this neur

25 For the efferent arm, the magnitude of the ensuing antigen-speci

26 BLI), we can visualize both the afferent and efferent arms of cellular events following vaccination l

27 are important components of the afferent and efferent arms of the host alloimmune response, respectiv

28 anatomical features of both the afferent and efferent arms of the vaccine response and illustrates th

29 sels, large saccular aneurysms with multiple efferent arteries, dolichoectatic aneurysms, large aneur

30 l the renal response to hyperglycemia at the efferent arteriole.

31 Notably, efferent arterioles did not respond to S1P.

32 Relative sparing of the efferent auditory and vestibular neurons suggests that a

33 pendent of food intake and involved specific efferent autonomic pathways.

34 Pontine efferent axons terminate mainly in V and rostral medial

35 ked by direct stimulation of parasympathetic efferent axons to the heart.

36 Here, we identify the efferent beige fat thermogenic circuit, consisting of eo

37 ng green fluorescence protein, we found that efferent bone marrow-neural connections trace to sympath

38 The efferent boutons on vestibular cells in alpha9, alpha10,

39 peripheral vagal afferents and central vagal efferents but less information is available regarding th

40 In vivo recording of SNA of the left efferent cardiac sympathetic branch of the stellate gang

41 e nucleus, removed post-inspiratory peaks in efferent cardiac vagal activity and suppressed RSA, wher

42 fied based on their response to afferent and efferent cardiovascular stimuli, with neurons that respo

43 Efferent cholinergic neurons project from the brainstem

44 Here we demonstrate that blocking efferent cholinergic neurotransmission to developing hai

45 Together, our findings have uncovered the efferent circuit controlling biogenesis of beige fat and

46 tion capability, and neuroplasticity in each efferent circuit.

47 he radial axis that underlie afferent versus efferent circuits between the inner ear and the brain.

48 that the pancreatic islets are innervated by efferent circuits that emanate from the hypothalamus.

49 These data revealed that the efferent component of the PCX may be topographically org

50 inicolumnar arrangements having afferent and efferent connections distributed across many brain regio

51 1/Cre mice to label specifically and map the efferent connections of the Foxb1-expressing subpopulati

52 The afferent and efferent connections of the IP have hitherto not been sy

53 pathway from the cochlea to auditory cortex; efferent connections provide descending feedback.

54 n flow in cortical circuits, as afferent and efferent connections terminate in different cortical lay

55 be defined by a distinct set of afferent and efferent connections, microstimulation responses, and le

56 Together with other known afferent and efferent connections, possible new functionality of the

57 properties as well as different afferent and efferent connections.

58 integral step via strengthened (afferent or efferent) connections between amygdala and all levels of

59 itory, using the same ionic mechanisms as do efferent contacts present transiently before the develop

60 to the medial prefrontal cortex, that these efferents contribute to fear memory behavior, and that C

61 ent, but the functional consequence of their efferent control has remained unclear.

62 sults indicate that, as consequence of their efferent control, spindle sensitivity (gain) to muscle s

63 agal capsaicin induces degeneration of vagal efferents controlling GI functions.

64 tor neurons and corresponding changes in its efferent coordinating neurons that project to other gang

65 these data demonstrate the utility of paired efferent cVNS and afferent KES nerve block for achieving

66 tes the GSN in a dose-dependent manner; (ii) efferent cVNS enabled by complete afferent KES nerve blo

67 Selective efferent cVNS enhanced the anti-inflammatory effects of

68 rent KES nerve block for achieving selective efferent cVNS, specifically as it relates to neuromodula

69 ults demonstrate that: (i) afferent, but not efferent, cVNS synchronously activates the GSN in a dose

70 ade trans-synaptic transport of cre from NAc efferents decreased cocaine self-administration in rats.

71 The effective coupling dominated in the efferent direction between (1) force and the approximate

72 , the effective coupling was dominant in the efferent direction.

73 to the functions of the circuits within its efferent domain.

74 a precursor sound to obtain a measure of the efferent effect in humans.

75 Both temporal and level dependency of the efferent effect was measured, providing a comprehensive

76 us increased, consistent with a decay of the efferent effect.

77 lipolysis in white adipose tissue and are an efferent effector of leptin action.

78 ons and interneurons onto which both central efferent expiratory and locomotor drives converge, presu

79 The resultant loss of efferent feedback accelerated the age-related amplitude

80 Although efferent feedback can protect hair cells from acoustic i

81 The inner ear receives two types of efferent feedback from the brainstem: one pathway provid

82 Such efferent feedback is important for promoting discriminat

83 Although protective effects of the cochlea's efferent feedback pathways have been well documented, pr

84 ts and no chronic shifts in mice with normal efferent feedback.

85 Efferent fibers and varicosities were visualized in the

86 Here we show that dopaminergic efferent fibers innervate the acousticolateralis epithel

87 When functional effects of afferent and efferent fibre activation were balanced, a null HRR was

88 s, we combined electrical stimulation of the efferent fibres with patch clamp recordings from the IHC

89 Efferents from the GLv follow a descending course throug

90 and motor actions through striatum-targeting efferents from ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substant

91 Outer hair cell numbers and efferent function measures (distortion product otoacoust

92 hods to examine how Kv2.2 contributes to MOC efferent function.

93 ts of DIO on central vagal neurones or vagal efferent functions have never been investigated.

94 ting a greater heterogeneity in the range of efferent glutamatergic projections from these structures

95 Specific expression was also seen in efferent habenular fibers projecting to the interpeduncu

96 radrenergic receptors on basolateral nucleus efferents has wide-ranging implications for the numerous

97 e in the human liver, but not in afferent or efferent hepatic venous or peripheral blood.

98 Stimulation of vagal afferents or efferents in mice 24 hours before IRI markedly attenuate

99 ally specific optogenetic inhibition of RMTg efferents in the ventral tegmental area.

100 proprioceptive organs that are innervated by efferents in their peripherally located parts, and effer

101 ntracting muscle, but, importantly, it sends efferent information to brainstem nuclei involved in car

102 athway is in a key position to provide motor efferent information to the cerebellum, satisfying predi

103 depends on internal forward models that use (efferent) information from our motor commands to predict

104 ceptor mGluR1 increases the strength of this efferent inhibition by enhancing the presynaptic release

105 tagonist, indicating that enhancement of IHC efferent inhibition is mediated by group I mGluRs and sp

106 The strength of efferent inhibition of inner hair cells increases with h

107 features of the developing cochlea and that efferent inhibition of the primary receptors of the audi

108 nner hair cells may increase the strength of efferent inhibition via the activation of group I metabo

109 ate released from the IHCs also enhances IHC efferent inhibition via the activation of group I mGluRs

110 group I-specific mGluR agonists enhances IHC efferent inhibition.

111 known about the function of the cholinergic efferents innervating peripheral vestibular hair cells.

112 known about the function of the cholinergic efferents innervating peripheral vestibular hair cells.

113 hair cells across the lifespan and show that efferent innervation of inner hair cells arises in paral

114 owever, relatively little is known about the efferent innervation of the cochlea during hearing loss.

115 cts specific to ventral motoneuron axons and efferent innervation of the cochlea.

116 Comparisons of efferent innervation patterns among the three species ar

117 tion in several species, characterization of efferent innervation patterns and the relative distribut

118 prioceptive joint receptors, suggesting that efferent innervation to this sense organ employs other r

119 the overall gross development of vestibular efferent innervation was unaltered.

120 The role of this neurotransmitter at the OC efferent innervation, however, is for the most part unkn

121 ntial of hair cells, possibly controlled via efferent innervation, to tune the dynamic states of the

122 hair-cell organs are devoid of afferent and efferent innervation-to KA or NMDA.

123 synapse numbers, outward ionic currents, and efferent innervation.

124 e inner hair cells (IHCs) receive inhibitory efferent input from cholinergic medial olivocochlear (MO

125 ust before the onset of hearing, descending (efferent) input from cholinergic neurons originating in

126 Efferent inputs to neurons were maintained post-MI.

127 , or convergent (receiving both afferent and efferent inputs).

128 system, and in motor imagery task, when only efferent (intentional) information is available to predi

129 jections, the topographic specificity of LHb efferents is not completely understood, and the relative

130 by sensory afferents (but not by sympathetic efferents) leads to a further increase of terminal arbor

131 nt paradigm were abolished by lesions of LHb efferents, lesions of the RMTg, or by optogenetic inacti

132 In the corticotectal efferents, LI-rTMS improved topography of the most abnor

133 llografts by modulating various afferent and efferent limbs of allogenic immune responses.

134 in LNs prevents CCL19/CCL21 accumulation in efferent lymph, but does not control intranodal gradient

135 ymphocytes then leave the lymph node via the efferent lymphatic vessel to perform their systemic func

136 inity effector CD8(+) T cells accumulated at efferent lymphatic vessels for egress, whereas high affi

137 like cell type out of the lymph node via the efferent lymphatics that may enhance Ag-specific immunit

138 In endothelial cells of efferent lymphatics, it binds L-selectin on lymphocytes.

139 Vestibular efferent markers, however, have not been well characteri

140 n intracellular second messenger used by the efferent medial olivocochlear (MOC) pathway of the audit

141 Selective blockade of efferent-mediated excitation in CD afferents distinguish

142 ,12-diyl-bis-3-picolinium dibromide) blocked efferent-mediated excitation in CD afferents without aff

143 inhibition in bouton afferents while leaving efferent-mediated excitation in CD units largely intact.

144 ific information about those contributing to efferent-mediated excitation of CD afferents is lacking.

145 aving higher mean discharge rates and a mean efferent-mediated excitation that was smaller in amplitu

146 In the turtle, efferent-mediated fast excitation arises in CD afferents

147 was unaffected by nAChR compounds that block efferent-mediated fast excitation, but were mimicked by

148 ha10 nAChRs on type II hair cells that drive efferent-mediated inhibition in adjacent bouton afferent

149 ngarotoxin and alpha-conotoxin RgIA, blocked efferent-mediated inhibition in bouton afferents while l

150 excitation in CD afferents without affecting efferent-mediated inhibition in bouton afferents.

151 These data highlight an efferent-mediated mechanism for enhancing afferent sensi

152 ctive antagonist XE991 mimicked and occluded efferent-mediated slow excitation in CD afferents.

153 ever, it is unclear whether the accompanying efferent-mediated slow excitation is also attributed to

154 Efferent-mediated slow excitation of vestibular afferent

155 We demonstrate for the first time that efferent-mediated slow excitation of vestibular afferent

156 Efferent-mediated slow excitation or muscarine applicati

157 Efferent-mediated slow excitation was unaffected by nACh

158 To identify synaptic processes underlying efferent-mediated slow excitation, we recorded from CD a

159 onse to VNS and enhanced the parasympathetic efferent-mediated suppressing effect on electrical and m

160 contralateral and ipsilateral olivocochlear efferent-mediated suppression of the cochlear amplifier

161 This safeguards efferent MOC firing during high-intensity sounds and is

162 ace of the vacuole membrane before releasing efferent molecules, vacuole membrane proteins were purif

163 ogical and morphological properties of vagal efferent motoneurones innervating the stomach.

164 ced DIO also affects the properties of vagal efferent motoneurones, and to investigate whether these

165 nsible for these changes is predominantly of efferent (motor) rather than re-afferent (sensory) origi

166 The ratio of afferent to efferent nerve fibers was investigated by dual immunoflu

167 Efferent nerve fibers were predominant (tyrosine hydroxy

168 There is a clear predominance of efferent nerve fibers, with decreasing prevalence of aff

169 nt nerves and receive inputs from vestibular efferent nerves.

170 inflammatory signals from the intestine with efferent neural inputs.

171 nerve activity (SSNA), transduction of this efferent neural outflow to the cutaneous vasculature, an

172 The afferent and efferent neuroanatomical connectivity of the subregions

173 traditional synaptic contacts with auditory efferent neuronal cell bodies and dendrites, as well as

174 erent synapses are organized, and to compare efferent neuronal labeling patterns in turtle with two o

175 Here we sought to identify reliable efferent neuronal markers in the vestibular periphery of

176 CGRP is also expressed in vestibular efferent neurons as well as a number of central vestibul

177 Stimulation of vestibular efferent neurons excites calyx and dimorphic (CD) affere

178 rly every vertebrate, cholinergic vestibular efferent neurons give rise to numerous presynaptic varic

179 These efferent neurons inhibit inner hair cells, raising the p

180 f the cochlear amplifier can be modulated by efferent neurons of the medial olivocochlear complex.

181 Electrical stimulation of vestibular efferent neurons rapidly excites the resting discharge o

182 Cranial nerve motoneurons and octavolateral efferent neurons were aligned to the reticulospinal scaf

183 rior crista during electrical stimulation of efferent neurons, in combination with pharmacological pr

184 arises in CD afferents when the predominant efferent neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) activates

185 ransmission from hair cells and modulated by efferent neurotransmitters or evoked by extracellular fi

186 r innervation of both the hindbrain auditory efferent nucleus and saccule, the main hearing endorgan

187 ing the inner ear and the hindbrain auditory efferent nucleus in the plainfin midshipman, a vocal fis

188 sites, notably the hindbrain octavolateralis efferent nucleus, as well as onto the base of hair cells

189 Our findings identify APC in efferent OC neurons as essential for regulating ribbon h

190 ith serial two-photon tomography, to map the efferents of the LHb on a standard coordinate system for

191 , and influence the structural maturation of efferent-OHC synapses.

192 anism is based on the following: [1] lateral efferent olivocochlear (LEOC) axon terminals contain end

193 to delete the floxed APC gene is present in efferent olivocochlear (OC) neurons, not IHCs or SGNs.

194 re it mediates synaptic transmission between efferent olivocochlear cholinergic fibers and cochlea ha

195 sive measure of the effect of human auditory efferents on cochlear gain and compression.

196 thalamic nucleus (STN) in a feed-forward, or efferent-only, mechanism.

197 ns were functionally classified as afferent, efferent, or convergent (receiving both afferent and eff

198 ether there are corresponding differences in efferent outputs from these four quadrants of the SPZ (d

199 ed after disruption of the anti-inflammatory efferent pathway by left vagotomy.

200 stigate this aspect of PCX, we have used the efferent pathway from mouse PCX to the orbitofrontal cor

201 uditory system includes a brainstem-mediated efferent pathway from the superior olivary complex by wa

202 yramidal tract-type neurons form the primary efferent pathway that conveys motor commands to the spin

203 thway) or sympathetic innervation to the AM (efferent pathway) abolished these effects.

204 n (cVNS) one should selectively activate the efferent pathway.

205 ive synaptic relays in a simple, cholinergic efferent pathway.

206 n neural connectivity, affecting hippocampal efferent pathways documented by magnetic resonance imagi

207 The direct and indirect efferent pathways from striatum ultimately reconverge to

208 ver, the distinct contributions of these two efferent pathways in shaping basal ganglia output are no

209 rentation was achieved by surgical lesion of efferent pathways in the brainstem and was assessed by q

210 the entire mouse brain, and reconstruct the efferent pathways of the LHb in three dimensions.

211 and one of two dopamine-receptor-expressing efferent pathways of the striatum.

212 connectivity and found parallel afferent and efferent pathways that transit medial and lateral HVC an

213 (KES) nerve block to preferentially activate efferent pathways while blocking afferent pathways.

214 output of the basal ganglia via two distinct efferent pathways, the direct (i.e., striatonigral) and

215 d MSNs, two inhibitory outputs form two main efferent pathways, the direct and indirect pathways.

216 noeuvres can engage a variety of sensory and efferent pathways, under some circumstances the physiolo

217 l investigations, activate both afferent and efferent pathways.

218 dition to a laminar framework, LCIC afferent-efferent patterns suggest a multimodal mosaic, consistin

219 uction in the pulmonary fungal burden at the efferent phase (3 wk) compared with SRA(+/+) mice.

220 cleus cholinergic neurons and their thalamic efferents play a role in postural control in patients wi

221 immunofluorescent quantification showed that efferent presynaptic terminals of BKalpha(-/-) OHCs were

222 The central auditory brainstem provides an efferent projection known as the medial olivocochlear (M

223 eir anatomical location, axon morphology and efferent projection pattern.

224 erences in neuronal morphology, afferent and efferent projection patterns, physiological properties,

225 re-dependent viral vectors to both map their efferent projections and test their functional output in

226 y, our genetic tracing studies show that VMH efferent projections are highly conserved in rodents and

227 The efferent projections confirm this view and, given its di

228 However, information regarding the efferent projections of PCX and how those may be involve

229 ork, we describe the pattern of afferent and efferent projections of the ACo by using fluorogold and

230 II-expressing neurons, suggesting changes in efferent projections of these areas.

231 egmentum and nucleus basalis of Meynert, and efferent projections to the putamen.

232 tions of the lateral geniculate nucleus, and efferent projections to the superficial and intermediate

233 in mice, we describe the development of VMH efferent projections, as marked by steroidogenic factor-

234 found that three distinct anterodorsal BNST efferent projections-to the lateral hypothalamus, parabr

235 Since efferent reflex strength varies among individuals and ca

236 vity is mediated by the medial olivocochlear efferent reflex, which suppresses the gain of the 'cochl

237 tute the sensory drive for the olivocochlear efferent reflex.

238 pulmonary artery that are likely involved in efferent regulation of vessel resistance.

239 currents ("minis") resulting from stochastic efferent release of ACh were made briefer by ryanodine,

240 to estimate arteriolar afferent resistance, efferent resistance (RE), and glomerular hydrostatic pre

241 ing and balance are subject to modulation by efferent signaling, including the release of dopamine (D

242 ing glucose production, likely through vagal efferent signals.

243 to activate sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent signals.

244 The many cellular, afferent, and efferent similarities between the ventral striatum's nuc

245 n, form inhibitory-like synapses on auditory efferent somata.

246 imulation (PNS) aims to maximize afferent or efferent stimulation from the sacral plexus.

247 ribed the postsynaptic actions of vestibular efferent stimulation in several species, characterizatio

248 tivity, as well as responses to afferent and efferent stimuli, were recorded from intrinsic cardiac n

249 ing glucose to skeletal muscle by modulating efferent sympathetic nervous system activity.

250 Hypolemmal cisterns such as that at the efferent synapse of the hair cell can play a dynamic rol

251 ne related peptide (CGRP) is known to act at efferent synapses and their targets in hair cell organs,

252 rtle, to use these markers to understand how efferent synapses are organized, and to compare efferent

253 tion electron microscopy was used to examine efferent synapses of outer hair cells (OHCs) in mice wit

254 rents are also integral to understanding how efferent synapses operate.

255 he molecular mechanisms regulating these IHC efferent synapses, we combined electrical stimulation of

256 al-side short HCs with few ribbons and large efferent synapses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Wnts are a clas

257 trategy to track changes in the afferent and efferent synaptic connections of developing neocortical

258 ch clamp recordings from the IHCs to measure efferent synaptic strength.

259 The auditory efferent system is a neural network that originates in t

260 The mammalian auditory efferent system is a unique neural network that originat

261 studies begin to illustrate how the complex efferent system of the LC-NE system selectively mediates

262 for markers of various visceral afferent and efferent systems with c-Fos-based activity maps generate

263 r zone of the hypothalamus (SPZ) is the main efferent target of neural projections from the suprachia

264 d support the hypotheses that (i) cerebellar efferents target frontal lobe neurons involved in formin

265 ld be selectively modulated according to the efferent targets of S1DZ.

266 l and ventral MHb, the IP, and the secondary efferent targets of this system.

267 s of BLA neurons, which are defined by their efferent targets, code reward and aversion.

268 tabolic parameters, as well as molecular and efferent targets, of the LH GLP-1R activation were also

269 onto the cell, its intrinsic physiology and efferent targets.

270 mbrane cistern that is co-extensive with the efferent terminal contacts.

271 munofluorescence analysis indicates that the efferent terminals are sufficiently close to IHC glutama

272 e sites to allow activation of mGluRs on the efferent terminals by glutamate spillover.

273 lopontine nucleus complex and their thalamic efferent terminals has been implicated in postural contr

274 ed by quantitative analysis of immunostained efferent terminals in outer and inner hair cell areas.

275 studied the morphology and ultrastructure of efferent terminals on vestibular hair cells in alpha9, a

276 ises when acetylcholine (ACh), released from efferent terminals, directly depolarizes calyceal ending

277 The contact area of efferent terminals, the appositional area of the postsyn

278 I mGluRs (mGluR1s), probably present on the efferent terminals, which, in turn, enhances release of

279 ubmucosa and mucosa removed) to examine CSMG efferent terminals.

280 OHCs of SK2 knockout mice had few small efferent terminals.

281 , ensuring maximal remote activation of prey efferents that blocks subsequent prey movement by induci

282 ng, suggesting that beta-2 AR regulate vBNST efferents that release CRF into the VTA, activating CRF

283 exerts a central modulatory effect governing efferent thermoregulatory activity in humans.

284 g and cutaneous vasodilatation by inhibiting efferent thermoregulatory activity in humans.

285 mmunohistochemistry to characterize VTA GABA efferents throughout the brain.

286 Severing habenular efferents to the IPN, or only those from the left dHb, p

287 nse potentiates evoked GABA release from MSN efferents to the SNr and drives motor sensitization.

288 turn, directs the posterior outgrowth of dHb efferents toward the IPN and, when disrupted, results in

289 lay a dual olfactory pathway, with two major efferent tracts, the medial and the lateral antennal lob

290 e-related peptide (CGRP), which may be as an efferent transmitter released from peripheral axon termi

291 an anti-tumor necrosis factor effect of the efferent vagus nerve could be a therapeutic target in IB

292 l roles of the afferent (sensory) and motor (efferent) vagus in regulation of appetite, mood, and the

293 on patterns and the relative distribution of efferent varicosities among hair cells and afferents are

294 ery with one vena comitans while leaving one efferent vein for drainage.

295 minant assumptions, the relative strength of efferent versus afferent connections positioned mid LPFC

296 The differentiation of afferent and efferent vessels using corneal angiography enables treat

297 c value.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Targeting the efferent vestibular system (EVS) pharmacologically might

298 Retinal efferents were evaluated in 45 subcortical structures.

299 effective subthalamic nucleus afferents and efferents were reduced by stimulation, whereas cortico-s

300 during electrical stimulation of vestibular efferents while applying several subtype-selective nAChR