ライフサイエンスコーパス: efferents

1 s were neither type I SGNs nor olivocochlear efferents.

2 n the MVe and most brain areas receiving MVe efferents.

3 hRs localized exclusively in corticothalamic efferents.

4 ions were the result of damage to entorhinal efferents.

5 within the zone of termination of cerebellar efferents.

6 unilateral ventral rhizotomies to eliminate efferents.

7 oxide synthase may be found in some retinal efferents.

8 also synaptic targets of lateral geniculate efferents.

9 , somatosensory, and motor telencephalofugal efferents.

10 e convergence of afferents and divergence of efferents.

11 pallidal- versus nigral-projecting striatal efferents.

12 with feedback loops, modulatory inputs, and efferents.

13 ely operated by static and dynamic fusimotor efferents.

14 ine central gray are major recipients of LHb efferents.

15 tion of BST regions that receive hippocampal efferents.

16 nto the left NA to anterogradely label vagal efferents.

17 recruitment of the autonomic and somatomotor efferents.

18 propriate activation of selected sympathetic efferents.

19 pression in lateral and medial olivocochlear efferents.

20 nt activation of somatomotor and sympathetic efferents.

21 comitant activation of motor and sympathetic efferents.

22 Broca (MS) is a site at which noradrenergic efferents act to influence EEG state via actions at beta

23 nts in their peripherally located parts, and efferents also innervate muscle fibers.

24 the nucleus accumbens, but some hippocampal efferents also originated in the parasubiculum, the pros

25 vian mSCN and vSCN collectively express more efferents and afferents than does the mammalian SCN.

26 of the brain owing to interruption of their efferents and afferents.

27 B in the mSCN and vSCN were used to identify efferents and afferents.

28 Schwann cells of degenerating efferents and endoneurial cells also incorporated label.

29 Morphological differences between efferents and interneurons are discussed in light of a h

30 inputs were found primarily on the autonomic efferents and interneurons in the medial and intermediat

31 the connectivity between lateral geniculate efferents and neurons of the hypothalamus, including tho

32 ings suggest that the interaction between OC efferents and OHCs early in development may be critical

33 ption, given that they innervate sympathetic efferents and project at best very lightly to the VRC.

34 eased densities of NGF-sensitive sympathetic efferents and sensory afferents.

35 PGi is by means of preganglionic and somatic efferents and spinal interneurons closely associated wit

36 reticulata (SNr), a main target of striatal efferents and the primary output nucleus of the basal ga

37 Thus, medial olivocochlear efferents and type II afferents, which both contact oute

38 esult in death of cortical neurons and their efferents and ultimately in death or damage of thalamoco

39 e is capable of activating prey motor neuron efferents, and hence muscles.

40 ses from collaterals of medial olivocochlear efferents, and the other arises from neurons that projec

41 cleus was the major source of these amygdala efferents, and there was a crude topography as parts of

42 ack hindbrain bmn, suggesting that the motor efferents are crucial for appropriate sensory axon proje

43 w that interneurons are En-positive, whereas efferents are En-negative.

44 Here, we show that efferents are essential for long-term maintenance of coc

45 These efferents are functionally inhibitory, using the same io

46 se data further suggest that all hippocampal efferents are not homogeneous, and that the hippocampus

47 us and supports the hypothesis that cortical efferents are required scaffolds to guide TCAs into cort

48 It is also known that LC efferents are spatially organized with respect to their

49 ir cell areas suggested that outer hair cell efferents are the most important in minimizing this neur

50 To evaluate whether SCN/AH graft efferents arise from the donor SCN, we used micropunch g

51 The precise functional role of neural efferents arising from SCN/AH grafts in the restoration

52 rian degeneration of the cortical descending efferents as observed in the basilar pons.

53 the nucleus ambiguus to label vagal cardiac efferents (at 3, 6, and 9 months).

54 oordinates activation of motor and autonomic efferents before or at the onset of exercise.

55 peripheral vagal afferents and central vagal efferents but less information is available regarding th

56 both innervated and regulated by sympathetic efferents, but the distribution and identity of the cell

57 pathway to the inner ear, the olivocochlear efferents, by examining otoacoustic emissions created by

58 ern for locomotion, maturation of peripheral efferents, changes in afferent modulation of the central

59 ir cells and calyx endings, show that turtle efferents commonly contact afferent boutons terminating

60 nostaining included: 1) the medial habenula, efferents composing the fasciculus retroflexus, and the

61 In these sites, intergeniculate efferents contacted populations of neurons that were ret

62 These findings suggest that vagal efferents continue to maintain homeostatic control over

63 to the medial prefrontal cortex, that these efferents contribute to fear memory behavior, and that C

64 afferents, or the temporal lobe subcortical efferents, contributed to the behavioural syndrome and t

65 agal capsaicin induces degeneration of vagal efferents controlling GI functions.

66 Two candidate sites at which LC efferents could influence ECoG and HEEG are the medial s

67 ade trans-synaptic transport of cre from NAc efferents decreased cocaine self-administration in rats.

68 SO to the cochlea, the lateral olivocochlear efferents, disrupted the normal interaural correlation i

69 For these nerves, the motor efferents form prior to the sensory afferents, and their

70 s to each of the plexuses; (3) these cardiac efferents formed dense basket terminals around individua

71 Ascending efferents from all three nuclei of the torus innervate c

72 In contrast to the efferents from area 25 previously described in the rat,

73 Although efferents from both regions formed both symmetric and as

74 t has been demonstrated that the subcortical efferents from CA3 and CA1 can be selectively disrupted

75 These results suggest that efferents from different subnuclei of the secondary gust

76 opils that are distinct from those receiving efferents from divisions of the vertical lobe that repre

77 orsal expression of collapsin-1 prevents all efferents from entering the cord early and sustained ven

78 MAv are in many respects similar to those of efferents from M1.

79 escending commands mediated by corticospinal efferents from old M1 must use the integrative mechanism

80 Efferents from PaS and PrS show a selective laminar term

81 asolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) and efferents from the BLA that run through the stria termin

82 In contrast, efferents from the CMAd terminate most densely in the do

83 Finally, we identified specific efferents from the CRH-containing region of the LHA to t

84 We also hypothesize that efferents from the dorsocentral (DC) telencephalon proje

85 3% in the head of the caudate nucleus, where efferents from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex projec

86 and piriform cortex share target areas, but efferents from the endopiriform nucleus lack the precise

87 Efferents from the GLv follow a descending course throug

88 Surprisingly, though efferents from the lateral hypothalamic orexin field wer

89 Efferents from the left habenula terminate along the ent

90 also examined the pattern of termination of efferents from the primary motor cortex (M1).

91 re to assess more directly whether damage to efferents from the retrohippocampal region, rather than

92 Conversely, efferents from the right habenula adopt a more extensive

93 on may depend on specific ipsilateral neural efferents from the SCN to LH releasing hormone (LHRH)-co

94 examine the pattern of spinal termination of efferents from the supplementary motor area (SMA) and th

95 also innervated by two groups of cholinergic efferents from the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body

96 and motor actions through striatum-targeting efferents from ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substant

97 Given a model in which these accumbens efferents gate the excitability of basal forebrain choli

98 Cortical efferents growing in the same environment diverge early

99 radrenergic receptors on basolateral nucleus efferents has wide-ranging implications for the numerous

100 us, the cellular associations of cholinergic efferents, identified by the low-affinity, p75 neurotrop

101 sual object) information from perforant path efferents in a unique manner that is consistent with the

102 The vagal afferents, PNs and vagal cardiac efferents in diabetic mice were compared with age-matche

103 l of sympathetic outflow to the cold defense efferents in mammals.

104 Stimulation of vagal afferents or efferents in mice 24 hours before IRI markedly attenuate

105 mine system and several of its afferents and efferents in motivational function.

106 ovide the first functional evidence for such efferents in neurologically intact hamsters by exploitin

107 hese results suggest that septal cholinergic efferents in the dentate gyrus: (1) preferentially inner

108 No efferents in the group were En-positive.

109 ution of intergeniculate and suprachiasmatic efferents in the hypothalamus and their similar relation

110 ith the effects of electrical stimulation of efferents in the mammalian cochlea.

111 In complementary experiments, the 20 or so efferents in the T3 DUM group, which are octopaminergic,

112 ally specific optogenetic inhibition of RMTg efferents in the ventral tegmental area.

113 proprioceptive organs that are innervated by efferents in their peripherally located parts, and effer

114 ive labeling of motoneurons and ventral root efferents-in particular, in an extremely densely labeled

115 rm potentiation in downstream targets of BLA efferents, including the hippocampus.

116 he localization of NADPH-diaphorase in these efferents indicated that they may use nitric oxide to mo

117 This extended terminal field of DMP efferents indicates that mMAN encompasses a core populat

118 ylcholine or electrical stimulation of vagal efferents, indicating that our system could detect incre

119 Electrical stimulation of cardiac vagal efferents induced a voltage-related bradycardia, the mag

120 known about the function of the cholinergic efferents innervating peripheral vestibular hair cells.

121 known about the function of the cholinergic efferents innervating peripheral vestibular hair cells.

122 jections, the topographic specificity of LHb efferents is not completely understood, and the relative

123 Rostral ventrolateral medullary efferents labeled with BDA were apposed to thoracic reti

124 by sensory afferents (but not by sympathetic efferents) leads to a further increase of terminal arbor

125 nt paradigm were abolished by lesions of LHb efferents, lesions of the RMTg, or by optogenetic inacti

126 In the corticotectal efferents, LI-rTMS improved topography of the most abnor

127 cleus of the solitary tract (NTS), where VMH efferents make close contacts with catecholaminergic neu

128 The sprouted motor efferents may account for some of the reorganization of

129 cystokinin, and that MC4R signaling in vagal efferents may contribute to the control of the liver and

130 3 receptor levels in limbic striatum and its efferents observed in patients with schizophrenia may be

131 reflex responses of static and dynamic gamma-efferents occurs that is dependent upon behavioural cont

132 The efferents of Ep2 traveled dorsolaterally to terminate in

133 present study investigated the afferents and efferents of MeA and MeP by using combined anterograde a

134 ith serial two-photon tomography, to map the efferents of the LHb on a standard coordinate system for

135 The efferents of the MHb homolog selectively target the inte

136 uences reach even into the inner ear via the efferents of the olivocochlear bundle, the medial branch

137 of previous studies have shown afferents and efferents of the presumptive "nucleus accumbens," detail

138 The visceral efferents of the superior cervical ganglia did not conta

139 sive measure of the effect of human auditory efferents on cochlear gain and compression.

140 These neurons send efferents onto key hypothalamic circuits, including thos

141 ) to determine more specifically whether SCN efferents originated in the core or shell using neuroche

142 There has been speculation whether efferents play a necessary role in directing or achievin

143 cleus cholinergic neurons and their thalamic efferents play a role in postural control in patients wi

144 these experimental conditions, noradrenergic efferents, presumably arising from LC, modulate forebrai

145 s to TPO, whereas posterior Ep2 neurons sent efferents primarily to NIL.

146 eased expression of 5-HT1B receptors in NAcc efferents, probably in the terminals of medium spiny neu

147 SCN/AH graft efferents project into areas normally innervated by the

148 at an ISI of 1 ms, indicating that cortical efferents project onto a shared population of target neu

149 jections to corresponding parts of Ep, whose efferents projected to intermediate and posterior Ep2, r

150 structural remodeling of vagal afferents and efferents provides a foundation for further analysis of

151 metry extends to protein levels in habenular efferents, providing additional evidence that left and r

152 also show that approximately 68% of mPOA-VTA efferents release gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), over 7

153 clock function and the extent of SCN-derived efferents remain to be determined.

154 M-channels in CA3 pyramidal neurons and its efferents - Schaffer collateral, which causes the depola

155 ; however, it is not known whether these NTS efferents specifically target LC dendrites.

156 ical fear conditioning, with CA3 subcortical efferents supporting acquisition of both cued and contex

157 ntion of contextual fear and CA1 subcortical efferents supporting the encoding and retrieval of both

158 t the endopiriform nucleus; (2) endopiriform efferents target cortical rather than nuclear structures

159 d support the hypotheses that (i) cerebellar efferents target frontal lobe neurons involved in formin

160 The terminals of these efferents target protocerebral neuropils that are distin

161 Hippocampal efferents terminated most densely in the medial and vent

162 , ensuring maximal remote activation of prey efferents that blocks subsequent prey movement by induci

163 GFP-positive efferents that co-expressed choline acetyltransferase sp

164 All 12 are CCAP efferents that exit the central nervous system.

165 ng, suggesting that beta-2 AR regulate vBNST efferents that release CRF into the VTA, activating CRF

166 mmunohistochemistry to characterize VTA GABA efferents throughout the brain.

167 nucleus enabled the selective tracing of C3 efferents throughout the rat CNS, thus revealing the ana

168 pothalamus in neuronal populations that send efferents to areas where alpha-MSH1-13 is released from

169 here exists: 1) lateralization of hypocretin efferents to basal forebrain and brainstem arousal-relat

170 ndicate that approximately 80% of hypocretin efferents to basal forebrain regions project ipsilateral

171 Although PG efferents to DL are spatially organized, the projection

172 t enter the hindbrain in order for the motor efferents to exit.

173 e and shell each project through commissural efferents to homologous contralateral areas.

174 Taken together, the distribution of GnIH efferents to neural sites regulating reproductive behavi

175 These regions have major afferents from and efferents to other associative cortices.

176 Moreover, the capacity of the vagal efferents to reinnervate the GI tract under comparable c

177 demonstrate a broad spatial organization of efferents to striatum and regions surrounding RA, thus d

178 posed by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its efferents to the amygdala.

179 Thus, the anterior Ec sent efferents to the anterior Ep, which in turn sent project

180 eral vs. contralateral distribution of raphe efferents to the ependymal wall of the lateral ventricle

181 Severing habenular efferents to the IPN, or only those from the left dHb, p

182 Thus, activity of LHb efferents to the midbrain is aversive but can also serve

183 FG and AR showed that over one-third of MPO efferents to the PAG contain receptors for either estrog

184 s of Meynert/substantia innominata; and sent efferents to the pons, superior colliculus, reticular nu

185 Vagal preganglionic efferents to the rat stomach were labeled anterogradely

186 support the hypothesis that a portion of NTS efferents to the RVL may be involved in sympathoexcitato

187 Efferents to the sacculus, the main auditory end organ,

188 nse potentiates evoked GABA release from MSN efferents to the SNr and drives motor sensitization.

189 FO that were identified as neurons that send efferents to the SON.

190 of electrocommunication signals, whereas DC efferents to the tectum modulate sensory control of move

191 study, we examined the relationship of VLPO efferents to the TMN using both retrograde and anterogra

192 calize the cells in the brain giving rise to efferents to the turtle retina.

193 the origin and organization of noradrenergic efferents to these basal forebrain regions by using comb

194 quantitative investigation of preoptic area efferents to these monoaminergic groups.

195 Approximately 80-85% of locus coeruleus efferents to these regions project ipsilaterally.

196 amined: 1) lateralization of locus coeruleus efferents to these regions; 2) the topographical organiz

197 ion to subcortical sites, the majority of LC efferents to VB and POm thalamus originate in the ipsila

198 turn, directs the posterior outgrowth of dHb efferents toward the IPN and, when disrupted, results in

199 These VMH efferents travel caudally through the periaqueductal gra

200 of CA3 efferents via the fimbria and the CA1 efferents via the dorsal fornix for encoding and consoli

201 ent was designed to evaluate the role of CA3 efferents via the fimbria and the CA1 efferents via the

202 , the recovery of secretomotor and vasomotor efferents was determined by recording salivary flow from

203 h in emphasis from pallidal to mesencephalic efferents was not observed for dopamine-induced motor ac

204 Retinal efferents were evaluated in 45 subcortical structures.

205 Contacts between afferents and efferents were observed frequently in the inner spiral b

206 leucoagglutinin-labeled, lateral geniculate efferents were observed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus,

207 In anaesthetised cats, afferents and efferents were recorded in intramuscular nerve branches

208 effective subthalamic nucleus afferents and efferents were reduced by stimulation, whereas cortico-s

209 The bmn efferents were unaffected in these mutants.

210 Efferents were unaffected, and supporting cells, though

211 t the distribution patterns of SCN and vSPVZ efferents were very similar.

212 sal fibres activated by individual fusimotor efferents) were separated by a minimum conduction path o

213 es by both vagal sensory afferents and motor efferents, which allowed us to assess the sites innervat

214 y to contact adrenergic somata than were NTS efferents, which usually contacted dendrites.

215 during electrical stimulation of vestibular efferents while applying several subtype-selective nAChR

216 The shifting of afferents and efferents with cortical reduction or expansion at very e

217 that combines anterograde tracing of nigral efferents with pre-embedding choline acetyltransferase (

218 sensory miswiring, culminating in functional efferents within proximal afferent pathways.

219 xcitation of T stellate cells by cholinergic efferents would be expected to enhance the encoding of s