ライフサイエンスコーパス: electrical synapse

1 r scaffold that is required for building the electrical synapse.

2 junctions, which are the most common type of electrical synapse.

3 ng trafficking of gap junction components at electrical synapses.

4 d express markers indicative of chemical and electrical synapses.

5 Special Issue entitled Electrical Synapses.

6 article is part of a Special Issue entitled Electrical Synapses.

7 simulate electrical signal transfer through electrical synapses.

8 g synchronization of inhibitory networks via electrical synapses.

9 ical synapses in developmental regulation of electrical synapses.

10 shown associated with gap junction-mediated electrical synapses.

11 role in the concerted activity generated by electrical synapses.

12 ractions in regulating gap junction-mediated electrical synapses.

13 ional conductance at these highly modifiable electrical synapses.

14 these proteins directly interact at goldfish electrical synapses.

15 l features support the concept of inhibitory electrical synapses.

16 lude the regulation of gap junction-mediated electrical synapses.

17 ids indirectly potentiate mixed chemical and electrical synapses.

18 near junctional conductance found in retinal electrical synapses.

19 ponses to depolarizing bipolar cells through electrical synapses.

20 activity-dependent short-term plasticity of electrical synapses.

21 primary afferents, mediated through central electrical synapses.

22 stinct subtypes of ON cone bipolar cells via electrical synapses.

23 rtex are mutually connected via chemical and electrical synapses.

24 port molecular and functional asymmetries at electrical synapses.

25 many neurons in the rat SCN communicate via electrical synapses.

26 t the macromolecular complexes that regulate electrical synapses.

27 orizontal system) cells via dendro-dendritic electrical synapses.

28 rod pathways, each of which is dependent on electrical synapses.

29 the shaking-B locus in the formation of its electrical synapses.

30 equence of the normal function of rectifying electrical synapses.

31 xcellent preparation for in vitro studies of electrical synapses.

32 by lateral interactions through chemical and electrical synapses.

33 ll as for short- and long-term plasticity of electrical synapses.

34 egarding the determinants of the strength of electrical synapses.

35 highly interconnected with both chemical and electrical synapses.

36 R, mGluR3, induces long-term potentiation of electrical synapses.

37 cells coupled to DAT+ cells via chemical and electrical synapses.

38 ors (mGluRs) induces long-term depression of electrical synapses.

39 can also alter coupling symmetry, rectifying electrical synapses.

40 re selectively interconnected by chemical or electrical synapses.

41 that transmit electrical signals are called electrical synapses.

42 ound that CeL neurons made chemical, but not electrical, synapses.

43 The increase in the activity of electrical synapses accompanied PMF-induced amplificatio

44 neurons, we expect them to apply broadly to electrical synapses across the brain, acting as the cruc

45 We show that communication through electrical synapses allows excitatory signalling among i

46 Interestingly, necortical electrical synapses almost exclusively connect GABAergic

47 Here, we demonstrate that the electrical synapses also mediate phase encoding.

48 t CaMKII should be considered a component of electrical synapses, although its association is nonobli

49 We show that the electrical synapses among many neurons in the flight cir

50 input-output relations of the DBC(C)-->AIIAC electrical synapse and the DBC(R)-->AIIAC chemical synap

51 s, confirming the predicted relation between electrical synapses and chemical synaptogenesis.

52 r cortex are linked together by chemical and electrical synapses and exert a potent feedforward inhib

53 lex because they depend both from excitatory electrical synapses and from potentially inhibitory chem

54 Given the widespread distribution of electrical synapses and glutamate receptors, our results

55 ng the circuit that was already connected by electrical synapses and producing the adult behavior, LB

56 ) cells are interconnected via GABAergic and electrical synapses and represent a major class of inhib

57 basis for molecular asymmetry at vertebrate electrical synapses and show they are required for appro

58 Electrical synapses and synchrony are nearly synonymous.

59 coupling of neurons by gap junctions (i.e., electrical synapses) and the expression of the neuronal

60 t mediated by cone DBCs (DBC(C)s) through an electrical synapse, and a DNQX-sensitive component media

61 st component is monosynaptic, mediated by an electrical synapse, and thus can follow haltere stimulat

62 , 42% of FS pairs had established functional electrical synapses, and 47% of FS pairs were connected

63 network of cells connected via chemical and electrical synapses, and evoke slow inhibitory synaptic

64 Some TRN neurons are interconnected by electrical synapses, and here we tested the possibility

65 -mediated synapses and gap junction-mediated electrical synapses, and networks of FS cells play a cru

66 Electrical synapses, and their structural manifestation,

67 rected vertically in the sagittal plane, and electrical synapses appear strictly confined to the sagi

68 the cerebral cortex, our results imply that electrical synapses are a common mechanism for generatin

69 Electrical synapses are a ubiquitous yet underappreciate

70 Electrical synapses are abundant before and during devel

71 Electrical synapses are abundant in the vertebrate brain

72 Instead of static pores, electrical synapses are actually plastic, similar to che

73 Some electrical synapses are bidirectional; others are rectif

74 Electrical synapses are common between inhibitory neuron

75 In light of recent evidence that electrical synapses are common in the mammalian central

76 Rectifying electrical synapses are commonplace, but surprisingly li

77 At a molecular level, the building blocks of electrical synapses are connexin proteins.

78 Electrical synapses are created by gap junction (GJ) cha

79 These data represent direct proof that electrical synapses are critical for the propagation of

80 Thus, our data indicate that electrical synapses are dynamic structures and that thei

81 Electrical synapses are emerging as complex structures,

82 Electrical synapses are expressed prominently in the dev

83 Electrical synapses are formed by gap junctions and perm

84 Electrical synapses are known to form networks of extens

85 KEY POINTS: Electrical synapses are modified by various forms of act

86 Electrical synapses are neuronal gap junctions that medi

87 Electrical synapses are often viewed as symmetrical stru

88 In addition, we observed that electrical synapses are readily identified in ECS preser

89 Electrical synapses are reciprocal pathways for ionic cu

90 While electrical synapses are still perceived by many as passi

91 Electrical synapses are strong and prevalent among the G

92 Electrical synapses are the functional correlate of gap

93 plasticity, rich diversity, and specificity, electrical synapses are thus likely to participate in th

94 These electrical synapses are widespread in the CNS and serve

95 brates and invertebrates, gap junction-based electrical synapses arise before chemical synaptogenesis

96 his represents both a new functional role of electrical synapses as the primary drivers of feature se

97 bulb output neurons via direct chemical and electrical synapses as well as by indirect pathways.

98 was not correlated with the distribution of electrical synapses at different electronic distances.

99 exocytosis, suggesting that the strength of electrical synapses at these terminals is sustained, at

100 Electrical synapses behaved as low-pass filters, reducin

101 which information reaches this kernel is an electrical synapse between ComInt 1 and one of these fiv

102 Spike transmission at the electrical synapse between the giant fibres (GFs) and mo

103 Disruption of electrical synapses between adjacent AIIs and between AI

104 x36/cx36 gap junctions form the heterologous electrical synapses between AII amacrine cells and BPGus

105 We report here that electrical synapses between auditory afferents and goldf

106 The response latency is minimized by electrical synapses between auditory afferents and the M

107 The lateral excitation is mediated by electrical synapses between central terminals of primary

108 Surprisingly, electrical synapses between Cx36-KO neurons had faster v

109 y interconnected by electrical synapses, but electrical synapses between different inhibitory cell ty

110 ce of gap junctions) enhance the strength of electrical synapses between ET cells.

111 ction neurons and is found to be mediated by electrical synapses between excitatory local interneuron

112 Two reports of electrical synapses between identified inhibitory neuron

113 Here we show that Cx36-containing electrical synapses between inhibitory neurons of the th

114 ic networks of the hippocampus and show that electrical synapses between interneurons are a novel tar

115 Electrical synapses between interneurons contribute to s

116 rovided a direct demonstration of functional electrical synapses between neocortical neurons of both

117 Finally, we showed that Cx36-containing electrical synapses between neurons of the trigeminal me

118 dely expressed in the mammalian CNS and form electrical synapses between neurons.

119 tion blocker, suggesting that it arises from electrical synapses between ON DS and polyaxonal amacrin

120 By studying chemical and electrical synapses between premotor interneurons (AVA)

121 This implies that electrical synapses between the majority of coupled VBN

122 ther enhanced and stabilized by chemical and electrical synapses between them.

123 Electrical synapses between TRN neurons were absent in m

124 nductance asymmetry (rectification) than did electrical synapses between WT neurons.

125 he same type were strongly interconnected by electrical synapses, but electrical synapses between dif

126 ild-type mice, as in rats, the SCN contained electrical synapses, but electrical synapses were absent

127 Synchronized LTS activity required electrical synapses, but not fast chemical synapses.

128 f inhibitory neurons is the establishment of electrical synapses, but the function of electrical coup

129 s indicate that RA modulates horizontal cell electrical synapses by activation of novel nonnuclear RA

130 effects on the expression and maintenance of electrical synapses by cell calcium in pairs of horizont

131 We tested for electrical synapses by recording from pairs of relay neu

132 of the tergotrochanteral motorneuron and its electrical synapses by transforming Drosophila with a Ga

133 Mg2+]i-dependent long-term plasticity of the electrical synapse can be adequately reproduced through

134 Thus, the efficacy of an electrical synapse can be dynamically modulated in a vol

135 , but recent results suggest that rectifying electrical synapses can act as coincidence detectors, an

136 These electrical synapses can be functionally as important as

137 to the study of neural circuits, whereby new electrical synapses can be introduced in novel sites in

138 The results suggest that electrical synapses can coordinate spindle-frequency rhy

139 ors, and regulation of the strength of other electrical synapses can enhance oscillatory or asynchron

140 Thus, interactions between chemical and electrical synapses can regulate the degree of electrica

141 found that disrupting either the chemical or electrical synapses causes defective escape response.

142 ational models to investigate how rectifying electrical synapses change the behavior of a small neuro

143 We added electrical synapses composed of the vertebrate gap junct

144 We conclude that electrical synapses containing Cx36 are critical for the

145 gs, we predict that modulation of rectifying electrical synapses could have functional consequences f

146 Our results suggest that electrical synapses could promote coordinated spike firi

147 ndent synaptic plasticity of Cx36-containing electrical synapses could underlie neuronal circuit reco

148 n central nervous system communicate through electrical synapses, defined here as gap junction-mediat

149 s observed by electron microscopy termed the electrical synapse density (ESD) [5].

150 We provide the first direct evidence that electrical synapses develop in a soma-soma, but not soma

151 is mediated by neurotransmitters, whereas at electrical synapses, direct ionic and metabolic coupling

152 amic relay neurons communicate primarily via electrical synapses during early postnatal development,

153 ructural changes observed in horizontal cell electrical synapses during light adaptation.

154 ation of sub- and suprathreshold activity by electrical synapses enabling synchronised SPN firing whi

155 These results indicate that electrical synapses establish a network of fast-spiking

156 Here we find that electrical synapse formation in vivo requires an intrace

157 oci and identified two new genes involved in electrical-synapse formation.

158 Here we show that elimination of electrical synapses formed by connexin36 altered inhibit

159 thereby conferring functional plasticity on electrical synapses formed of this protein.

160 Electrical synapses, formed by gap junctions, modulate s

161 reas TRN cells were extensively connected by electrical synapses from birth onward.

162 plies that lateral excitation is mediated by electrical synapses from eLNs onto PNs.

163 red for the stabilization of the GJs and for electrical synapse function.

164 Coupling of neurons by electrical synapses (gap junctions) transiently increase

165 ns communicate through chemical synapses and electrical synapses (gap junctions).

166 atural forms of activity and the strength of electrical synapses had previously not been investigated

167 et the cellular and molecular basis of these electrical synapses has not been established.

168 Electrical synapses have been found among GABAergic inte

169 Electrical synapses have been shown to be important for

170 Electrical synapses have not been directly observed betw

171 , taken together with dual cell recording of electrical synapses, have led us to estimate the number

172 The large number of electrical synapses implies that each interneuron partic

173 Much less is known, however, about electrical synapses in retinal bipolar cells than about

174 Here we report the molecular basis for electrical synapses in retinal bipolar cells, particular

175 To determine the role of electrical synapses in such activity, we constructed mic

176 The role of electrical synapses in synchronizing neuronal assemblies

177 A wealth of research has revealed that electrical synapses in the central nervous system exhibi

178 hese contacts appeared similar to rectifying electrical synapses in the crayfish and were eliminated

179 suggest an important role for Cx36-dependent electrical synapses in the development of thalamic circu

180 ere, we demonstrate that putative rectifying electrical synapses in the Drosophila Giant Fiber System

181 (Lethal), which is a component of rectifying electrical synapses in the Giant Fiber escape neural cir

182 vely at chemical synapses, but modulation of electrical synapses in the mammalian brain has barely be

183 he first examples supporting the presence of electrical synapses in the mammalian CNS; however, the p

184 We suggest that electrical synapses in the SCN help to synchronize its s

185 e two established inductors of plasticity at electrical synapses in the thalamic reticular nucleus -

186 To examine the functions of electrical synapses in the transmission of signals from

187 Plasticity of electrical synapses in the TRN may be a key mechanism un

188 Electrical synapses in the TRN precede the postnatal dev

189 ty-dependent form of long-term depression of electrical synapses in the TRN.

190 CNQX did not affect non-rectifying electrical synapses in two different pairs of neurons.

191 By contrast, we show that a broad set of electrical synapses in zebrafish, Danio rerio, require t

192 se identifiable junctions may apply to other electrical synapses, including those in mammalian brain.

193 (CNS), coupling of neurons by gap junctions (electrical synapses) increases during early post-natal d

194 The coupling of neurons by gap junctions (electrical synapses) increases during neuronal injury.

195 Unlike most chemical synapses, electrical synapses interact through axon-to-axon or den

196 Gap junction-mediated electrical synapses interconnect diverse types of neuron

197 and thalamoreticular pathways, as well as by electrical synapses interconnecting TRN neurons.

198 Many neurons are coupled by electrical synapses into networks that have emergent pro

199 The DBC(C)-->AIIAC electrical synapse is approximately linear (voltage gain

200 The model of electrical synapse is based on electrical properties of

201 emonstrate that such complex behavior of the electrical synapse is important in shaping the response

202 Although modulation of electrical synapses is frequently observed, the cellular

203 an overview of the known properties of these electrical synapses is given, focusing on a study in the

204 Signaling through gap junctions (electrical synapses) is important in the development of

205 mem of their neighbors, forming networks via electrical synapses known as gap junctions.

206 r of signals with high-frequency content via electrical synapses, leading to strong spiking synchroni

207 Connecting these neurons by an ectopic electrical synapse led to a loss of lateral asymmetry an

208 Thus, electrical synapses, like their chemical counterparts, u

209 d the possibility that gap junction-mediated electrical synapses made with neighbouring amacrine cell

210 shifts between arousal states; plasticity of electrical synapses may be a key mechanism underlying th

211 In neuronal networks, electrical synapses may function as a modifiable resonan

212 Furthermore, the plasticity of electrical synapses may play an important role in regula

213 ses, and here we tested the possibility that electrical synapses mediate rhythmic synchrony in juveni

214 of different initial conditions, whereas the electrical synapses mitigate suppression of firing due t

215 Our findings support a novel model of electrical synapse molecular asymmetry at the level of a

216 urons are inhibitory cells interconnected by electrical synapses, most of which require the gap junct

217 The most thoroughly studied electrical synapses occur between excitatory projection

218 NQX inhibited transmission at the rectifying electrical synapse of a mixed glutamatergic/electrical s

219 y reflects physiological differences between electrical synapses of contiguous Club endings, which re

220 cifically modulates synaptic transmission at electrical synapses of cultured retinal horizontal cells

221 The electrical synapses of fish retinal horizontal cells are

222 e NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the electrical synapses of hybrid bass H2-type horizontal ce

223 at changes in the intrinsic excitability and electrical synapses of identified neurons in Aplysia's c

224 Cx36 orthologs may have a common function at electrical synapses of mammals and other vertebrates.

225 CNS, and the interplay between chemical and electrical synapses on the millisecond timescale is cruc

226 spread distribution of "mixed" (chemical and electrical) synapses on neurons throughout the spinal co

227 st-field oscillations either may not require electrical synapses or may be mediated by a hitherto unk

228 the spiking-initiated mechanisms underlying electrical synapse plasticity are similar to those that

229 We investigated whether electrical synapses play a role in the maturation of tha

230 Electrical synapses play an important role in signaling

231 We have examined the effect of 5HT on electrical synapses possessing variable coupling strengt

232 ogical range show that, without chemical and electrical synapses, potassium lateral diffusion alone c

233 Signaling through electrical synapses promoted coordinated firing among CB

234 matergic synapses can instruct plasticity at electrical synapses, providing a means for excitatory in

235 Some electrical synapses rectify - they pass current preferen

236 tle is known about the developmental role of electrical synapses, reflecting the limitations imposed

237 , yet little is known about how chemical and electrical synapses regulate their activity.

238 (TRN), a brain area rich in gap-junctional (electrical) synapses, regulates cortical attention to th

239 (TRN), a brain area rich in gap junctional (electrical) synapses, regulates cortical attention, init

240 In contrast, the incidence and magnitude of electrical synapses remained constant between P8 and P15

241 hip between natural activity and strength at electrical synapses remains elusive.

242 of this kinase and potential localization to electrical synapses remains undetermined.

243 ation without effects on neuronal growth and electrical synapse remodeling.

244 arly circuits composed of gap junction-based electrical synapses resemble those produced later by che

245 protein subunits constitutes a hemichannel; electrical synapses result from the docking of hemichann

246 Modification of electrical synapses resulting from activity in coupled n

247 ected or coupled by gap junctions, a type of electrical synapse, rod-cone electrical coupling is thou

248 Here, we show that strong electrical synapses selectively form between RGPs and th

249 ptic sites at chemical synapses, one side in electrical synapses should not necessarily be considered

250 Specifically, electrical synapses spread signals laterally between bip

251 or by agonist, causes long-term reduction of electrical synapse strength between the inhibitory neuro

252 nt results have demonstrated modification of electrical synapse strength by varied forms of neuronal

253 e crucial link between neuronal activity and electrical synapse strength.

254 in the Golgi cell network of the cerebellum, electrical synapses synchronize resting activity, and ca

255 tly, inserting in this circuit an engineered electrical synapse that diminishes AWC inhibition of AIY

256 m a complex, interconnecting network through electrical synapses that are either heterologous (with a

257 are strongly and uniformly interconnected by electrical synapses that can drive spiking in connected

258 N neurons are also coupled to one another by electrical synapses that depend strongly on the gap junc

259 We show that plasticity of electrical synapses that results from paired spiking act

260 in the CNS communicate via gap junctions, or electrical synapses, the regulation of which remains lar

261 to be a widespread and powerful mechanism at electrical synapses throughout the brain.

262 uraxis, implying that there are undiscovered electrical synapses throughout the central nervous syste

263 ng that shaking-B expression is required for electrical synapses throughout the nervous system.

264 The AII amacrine cell uses sign-conserving electrical synapses to modulate ON cone bipolar cell ter

265 Additionally, we found that the ability of electrical synapses to synchronize high frequency subthr

266 he interneurones mediating inhibition of the electrical synapse use glutamate as their neurotransmitt

267 r CB1-IS interneurons are interconnected via electrical synapses using paired recordings.

268 occurs via neurotransmitter release whereas electrical synapses utilize gap junctions for direct ion

269 This CNQX-mediated inhibition of the electrical synapse was blocked by concanavalin A (Con A)

270 In paired-cell recordings, electrical synapses were able to mediate close correlati

271 , the SCN contained electrical synapses, but electrical synapses were absent in connexin36-knockout m

272 Electrical synapses were common among cortical interneur

273 Electrical synapses were common between VBN relay neuron

274 Thus, electrical synapses were infrequent and unlikely to infl

275 Electrical synapses were not found among pyramidal neuro

276 ectrophysiological recordings, we found that electrical synapses were present early and produced CI.

277 The electrical synapses were strong enough to synchronize sp

278 Classically, electrical synapses were thought only to increase the sp

279 Observed properties of chemical and electrical synapses were used to simulate connections be

280 Tjp1b is localized to the electrical synapse, where it is required for the stabili

281 dorsal A cluster neurons were used to study electrical synapses, whereas chemical synaptic partners,

282 o independently modify coupling at different electrical synapses with its neighbors.

283 us, to light decrement, AII cells, driven by electrical synapses with ON cone bipolar cells, would hy

284 the ganglion and restore function by making electrical synapses with the usual synaptic targets of t

285 Surprisingly, we observed non-Cx36-dependent electrical synapses with unusual biophysical properties

286 vered axon grew and regenerated its specific electrical synapse within the nerve cord, as shown by re

287 Neurons are assumed to be connected with electrical synapses within their communities and with ch

288 itical for the formation and function of the electrical synapse, yet the biochemical makeup of these