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1 es, albeit only if the immobilized enzyme is electroactive.
2 (3)O(4) nanowires that were determined to be electroactive.
3 upported self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of electroactive 11-ferrocenylundecanethiol (FcC(11)SH) and
4 t captures the released proton, producing an electroactive 4,4'-bipyridinium dication.
5      Any interference of uric acid and other electroactive AAs was noticed.
6              Upon electrical activation, the electroactive adhesive force of the PVC gel is exerted o
7  cases, can be used to achieve this goal for electroactive adsorbates.
8  by SECCM allows a direct correlation of the electroactive adsorption coverage and the actual step ed
9 achieved through the catalytic production of electroactive alpha-naphthol by anti-fluorescein-conjuga
10 t and optimization of the system to separate electroactive amine-containing molecules present in the
11  an improved method to identify and quantify electroactive analytes over either technique independent
12 gn and synthesis of low-cost, highly stable, electroactive and biocompatible material is one of the k
13 into the suitability of the new compounds as electroactive and electrochromic materials, multicolored
14 ucture of the treated carbon fiber, for both electroactive and electroinactive species.
15          The system presented is based on an electroactive and electropolymerized hapten (mimetic mol
16 ne modified with beta-CD, being hydrophilic, electroactive and high surface area material, provides a
17 for demonstrating the ability to detect both electroactive and ionic species.
18                            A series of novel electroactive and photoactive conjugated copolymers base
19 ly electron-rich monomers which yield highly electroactive and stable conducting polymers useful for
20 sion and -delivery method to create dynamic, electroactive, and switchable cell-tissue assemblies thr
21                       The amount of adsorbed electroactive AQDS and the electron transfer kinetics ar
22 major focus is to elucidate whether adsorbed electroactive AQDS can be used as a marker of step edges
23 have little effect on the extent of adsorbed electroactive AQDS.
24 aphite surfaces and the observed coverage of electroactive AQDS.
25    Since the attached Au-SWCNT increases the electroactive area available for FcMeOH oxidation, the c
26 y-state cyclic voltammetry, and they have an electroactive area congruent with their geometric area.
27        Measurement of charge density from an electroactive area may result in new materials and elect
28 th graphene materials, and an enhancement of electroactive area to 388% over a standard electrode was
29 terminated, oxide-free silicon surfaces with electroactive assemblies (from molecules to polymers) at
30        PANI deposited on an ITO electrode is electroactive at neutral pH, both with and without codep
31 ffusing into the drop into a product that is electroactive at the electrode.
32 tibility classifications for drugs that were electroactive at the potential used to detect ferrocyani
33 latively recent discovery of electrogenic or electroactive bacteria and the vision of two important p
34                             Up to date a few electroactive bacteria embedded in biofilms are describe
35              Hence, this study suggests that electroactive bacteria within biofilms could use the sam
36 ed to O2 reduction in top layers, through an electroactive bacterial network.
37  of the apex of the ME was used to expose an electroactive BDD disk.
38  emphasis of this study is to understand the electroactive behavior of a microbe in microbial fuel ce
39                       A conductive, elastic, electroactive binder composed of polypyrrole and polyure
40 tions, cadmium affected only temporarily the electroactive biofilm at the anode.
41 S felt and consequently resulted in a robust electroactive biofilm formation at its surface in BESs.
42 obes (e.g. Geobacter) and more conducive for electroactive biofilm formation.
43 ere, we describe for the first time a single electroactive biofilm that acts as a bioanode and a bioc
44                       First, a mature anodic electroactive biofilm was developed from an activated sl
45 ron transfer mechanism of bacteria within an electroactive biofilm was investigated by using cyclic v
46 nd cathodic denitrification catalyzed by two electroactive biofilms located separately at an anode an
47  such as iron oxides and uranium and to wire electroactive biofilms, but the contribution of the prot
48 antage in elucidating the critical role that electroactive biogenic amines play in complex physiologi
49 ling the very fast formation (< 5 min) of an electroactive biological self-assembled monolayer (SAM)
50  employ multilayer semiconductor anodes with electroactive bismuth-doped TiO2 functionalities and sta
51 forming ultrafast, selective measurements of electroactive brain molecules.
52  is easily distinguishable from other common electroactive brain species.
53 ivity is similar: the entire pBDD surface is electroactive, but there are variations in activity betw
54       Compared to the GCE, the TNGCE is more electroactive (by approximately 1.9-fold) for DA, and it
55 osed area into a developing solution reveals electroactive carbon fiber surface.
56 f direct electron transfer (DET) between the electroactive center of LAC and the electrode surface wa
57 icrochemical architectures and wiring up the electroactive centers using MWCNTs in this way, we can o
58                                              Electroactive char components may also contribute to the
59 ectrochemical method based on the endogenous electroactive chemical messenger serotonin (5-hydroxytry
60 This method is based on the monitoring of an electroactive complex obtained by the reaction between p
61   Surface functional groups constitute major electroactive components in pyrogenic carbon.
62 ers were conveniently introduced between the electroactive components in the dumbbell-shaped thread t
63 teries (NRFBs) has been impeded by a lack of electroactive compounds (anolytes and catholytes) with t
64 s derivatives are a very promising family of electroactive compounds although they have not yet been
65 nd exhibited increased sensitivity for other electroactive compounds found in the brain, including as
66 ith minimal interference from the coexisting electroactive compounds such as ascorbic acid and uric a
67  addition, using various charged and neutral electroactive compounds we found that, when each compoun
68 at low potentials to form nano-scale porous, electroactive conducting polymer films, exposing the bio
69  and label-free detection principle based on electroactive (conducting) polymers considering sensors
70 within less than 100 s, and detection of all electroactive constituents is carried out within 4 min.
71    The ratio of the insulating sheath to the electroactive core of the UMEs was 2.5-3.6.
72 ation method can readily be applied to other electroactive cores and could allow any research group t
73                          The quest to create electroactive CYPs has led to many different immobilizat
74 echanically flexible, optically transparent, electroactive, cytocompatible and biodegradable.
75 s and allowing the use of a single family of electroactive dendrons for their encapsulation had to be
76 cal platforms for the degradation of the non-electroactive DPP into phenol, which is directly measure
77 tured electrode with high surface loading of electroactive enzyme and in presence of sulphite high an
78                             The formation of electroactive enzyme-redox polymer conjugates using PBPE
79                     The strategy involves an electroactive, ferrocene-tagged DNA stem-loop structure
80  approaches studied here include capping the electroactive ferrocenyl groups with beta-cyclodextrin a
81       The use of uniform, colloidally stable electroactive fibre-like micelles based on common pi-con
82 ies of solution-processable, low-dispersity, electroactive fibre-like micelles of controlled length f
83 ctrode to enable direct electron transfer or electroactive films adsorbed to insulating surfaces.
84                                       Stable electroactive films were grown layer by layer on rough p
85 he first time this has been demonstrated for electroactive films.
86 TP aptamer (ATPA) capture probes prebound to electroactive flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) molecule
87 g of graphene-coated metal meshes for use as electroactive flow control devices, utilizing two antago
88 the dynamic locomotion of water droplets and electroactive flow switching.
89 sticated structures comprising photo- and/or electroactive fullerodendrimers and cysteine-functionali
90 ynthesis of new FHBC derivatives, containing electroactive functional groups that can allow controlle
91                Comparisons with conventional electroactive functional moieties were also discussed.
92  platform can be tailored to incorporate six electroactive groups at its vertices, as exemplified by
93 rotocol must balance the need to incorporate electroactive groups at the periphery of the dendrons wi
94  approach to probe charge-transfer involving electroactive groups on the nanoscale by measuring the a
95 m, which can be tailored by incorporation of electroactive groups or groups that can prompt self-asse
96 sfer processes, particularly those involving electroactive groups, of SAMs of thiolates on Au by usin
97 ensitive UV-vis chormophore, fluorophore, or electroactive groups.
98 icantly affects the redox properties of both electroactive groups.
99 , owing to changes in surface density of the electroactive hairpin DNA-ferrocene probes.
100 lying on the electrochemical response of the electroactive hexaammineruthenium(III) cation at DNA-mod
101  represent an important step in transferring electroactive host-guest systems from solution to the so
102                          Mixed monolayers of electroactive hybridization probes on gold surfaces of a
103 a nonelectroactive hydroxyphenyl ester to an electroactive hydroquinone, providing an electrical acti
104 henothiazines/MPC; these electron donors are electroactive in rapid, successive one-electron reaction
105 livary amylase proteins was monitored via an electroactive indicator (e.g., K(3)Fe(CN)(6)) or a monod
106     The application of benzyl viologen as an electroactive indicator capable of differentiating betwe
107                                         This electroactive indicator was oxidized or reduced and the
108 is a combination of the previously developed electroactive integrated optical waveguide with a recent
109 PCR product sizing is demonstrated using the electroactive intercalating dye, iron phenanthroline.
110 ol reversible DNA hybridization by using the electroactive intercalator daunomycin (DM).
111 adigm to study dynamic electric phenomena in electroactive interfaces as well as a promising route to
112 OD), and limit of quantification (LOQ)), and electroactive interference blocking.
113 ging task especially in the presence of main electroactive interferences such as ascorbic acid (AA),
114 ded unbiased results even in the presence of electroactive interferences with highly overlapped peaks
115  direct oxidation of catalytically generated electroactive intermediates.
116 of nonelectrostatic interactions between the electroactive ligand and G-quadruplexes.
117  This report describes the development of an electroactive mask that permits the patterning of two di
118 ggest that SRGO can be quite promising as an electroactive material for effective urea sensing.
119 assembled by using a nontoxic, FDA-approved, electroactive material known as Prussian Blue, are stabl
120 sponse of Hg/Pt UMEs to lithium uptake by an electroactive material.
121             Organic and organometallic-based electroactive materials are green alternatives to realiz
122        Interfaces between nanoscale and bulk electroactive materials are important for the design of
123         The discovery of inexpensive organic electroactive materials for use in aqueous flow battery
124 the cost of the system scales with mass, the electroactive materials must have a low equivalent weigh
125 among the highest reported for this class of electroactive materials.
126 y for electron-transfer process in designing electroactive materials.
127 these nanoparticles (average 66 Ir each) are electroactive, meaning that the nanoparticles are small
128 ls without resorting to the use of labels or electroactive mediators has led to DNA devices with inad
129 )(3)](2+), we can estimate the percentage of electroactive metal centers in the surface layer.
130  and apply for the first time a quantitative electroactive microarray strategy that can present a var
131 uality-controlled knockout collection of the electroactive microbe Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 contain
132  hydrophilic surfaces were more selective to electroactive microbes (e.g. Geobacter) and more conduci
133 by dendrons containing both solubilizing and electroactive moieties.
134                                           An electroactive molecular film comprising alkyl ferrocene
135         Electrochemical analyses on confined electroactive molecular layers, herein exemplified with
136 ly, the ability to prepare and study stable, electroactive molecular media on Si(100) is likely to be
137                 With the use of the neutral, electroactive molecule 2-(4-nitrophenoxy) ethanol (NPE),
138 O2 is simultaneously detected with the L-AA, electroactive molecule by differential pulse voltammetry
139  monitors the concentration of serotonin, an electroactive molecule found in the dense-body granules
140 ere prepared by extrusion and loaded with an electroactive molecule.
141         Redox kinetics were measured for two electroactive molecules attached to Si(100) surfaces, a
142                 Self-assembled monolayers of electroactive molecules can form on gold electrodes if t
143                            The attachment of electroactive molecules exhibiting either two stable red
144  an imposed linear concentration gradient of electroactive molecules over the length of the nanotube.
145                 Flavins are highly versatile electroactive molecules, which catalyse a multitude of r
146 stable Si(100) surfaces derivatized with the electroactive molecules.
147 yers were patterned into regions having this electroactive monolayer and a second set of regions that
148 example of redox catalysis using a dissolved electroactive nanoparticle, based on the oxidation of wa
149 trol and study electron transfer dynamics of electroactive nanoparticles including, as shown by preli
150 midopyridine (DAP), are complementary to the electroactive naphthalimide (N) through three-point hydr
151 vivo monitoring of subsecond fluctuations in electroactive neurotransmitter concentrations.
152 nnervated by axons that release dopamine, an electroactive neurotransmitter.
153                CNPEs were used to detect the electroactive neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and
154                                        Other electroactive neurotransmitters such as, e.g., catechola
155 elevant method to manufacture an all-carbon, electroactive, nitrogen-doped nanoporous-carbon/carbon-n
156 trategy for creating longer and more complex electroactive, nucleic acid assemblies.
157 ibed for surface modification of ITO with an electroactive organic monolayer.
158                                              Electroactive organometallic molecules have been covalen
159 reversible, independent electrochemistry for electroactive Os(3+)/Os(2+) and Ru(3+)/Ru(2+) centers, w
160                                              Electroactive p-aminophenol, enzymatically generated at
161 test the performance of seven types of ionic electroactive polymer (IEAP) actuators in space-hazardou
162 .g., capacitive sensors, supercapacitors and electroactive polymer actuators), over the past five yea
163                                 The bistable electroactive polymer is a new smart material capable of
164 erpenetrated network of carbon nanotubes and electroactive polymer is described.
165  combination of the composite and a bistable electroactive polymer produces electrically-induced, lar
166            First, methylene blue which is an electroactive polymer was electropolymerized on the surf
167  properties of a nanocomposite containing an electroactive polymer, polyvinyl-N-carbazole (PVK) (97 w
168 on coordination and sensing in the resultant electroactive polymer.
169 terer's size, and the rotational speed of an electroactive-polymer rotational micro-optic diffuser.
170 ultrafine metal nanoparticle catalysts on an electroactive polymeric film including nanoalloys of Cu
171 uch as the high voltages required to trigger electroactive polymers ( > 1KV), low strain ( < 10%) of
172                                              Electroactive polymers (EAPs) can behave as actuators, c
173 nucleic acid (PNA) and the in situ growth of electroactive polymers through the surface-initiated ele
174 ted polymerization for the in situ growth of electroactive polymers.
175 merizable to give rise to thiepin-containing electroactive polymers.
176 C) based on graphite electrode modified with electroactive polyvinylpyridine bearing osmium complex (
177  was generated by reduction and oxidation of electroactive potassium ferri- and ferrocyanide at selec
178 tracking microbeads in a solution containing electroactive potassium ferrocyanide and potassium ferri
179 ion consisting of deposits obtained from non-electroactive precursors.
180 AA), with a well-defined concentration of an electroactive probe, 1,1'-ferrocenedimethanol (Fc(MeOH)2
181 ogels with well-defined concentrations of an electroactive probe, 1,1'-ferrocenedimethanol, Fc(MeOH)2
182 roach compared the electrochemical signal of electroactive, probe-modified DNA monolayers containing
183 uplexes, and then they were exploited as the electroactive probes to monitor the hybridization.
184 ometallic compound, aminoferrocene (AFC), as electroactive probes was firstly demonstrated, where the
185 olymers enables the modification of numerous electroactive probes, thereby greatly improving the elec
186 as converted to p-aminophenol by AP, and the electroactive product was quantified on AuNPs/SPCE at +0
187 cle between the tyrosinase substrate and the electroactive product, giving rise to the amplification
188 mportantly, many of the desirable photo- and electroactive properties of the PBI ligands are transfer
189 ell catalysed by E. coli, through triggering electroactive property in the microbe by exposing it to
190                                    Amount of electroactive protein (capital GHE, Cyrillic) and hetero
191  Comparisons of voltammetric measurements of electroactive protein with quartz crystal microbalance m
192 rging or potential applications that exploit electroactive quantum dot-based systems will also be ill
193                                Chars contain electroactive quinoid functional groups and polycondense
194  soluble aminooxy terminated ligands with an electroactive quinone terminated monolayer.
195 cond method, electrochemical oxidation of an electroactive redox species in the continuous aqueous ph
196                      In the first method, an electroactive redox species, for example, ferrocene, ins
197                          With the help of 2D electroactive reduced graphene oxide (RGO), we successfu
198 ve molecular layers, herein exemplified with electroactive self-assembled monolayers, sample current
199      The porphyrin dyads were attached to an electroactive Si(100) surface and interrogated via elect
200 uted to a combination of the large number of electroactive sites in reduced graphene oxide and the hi
201  head nanotubes lead to creating of abundant electroactive sites in the interior tubular vessels and
202 ich have generally been regarded as the main electroactive sites on graphite electrode surfaces.
203 electrode surface which limits access to the electroactive sites on the ends.
204 ffective trapping of lithium polysulfides on electroactive sites within the cathode, leading to a muc
205 originates from the Ti-N(x) motifs acting as electroactive sites, and the hierarchically porous struc
206 anar, symmetric end-groups to donor-acceptor electroactive small molecules.
207                          Accumulation of two electroactive solute molecules, acetaminophen and ferroc
208 to probe the diffusional transport of target electroactive solutes in isolated nanopores of a track-e
209  a picodispenser to continuously dispense an electroactive solution (ferrocenemethanol) to the SECM c
210                   Oxidation of the dispensed electroactive solution was performed at the substrate, a
211 ing the rate of electron transfer between an electroactive species and an electrode is reviewed.
212 r barrier properties and permeability toward electroactive species are evaluated.
213 te while applying a bias to detect dissolved electroactive species at a diffusion-limited rate.
214  to promote electron transfer reactions with electroactive species at low overpotentials and their hi
215                            Since Pcrea is an electroactive species at low potential, its consumption
216  cyclic voltammetry, can selectively analyze electroactive species based on differences in redox reve
217                             Redox cycling of electroactive species between multiple, closely spaced m
218 ons in consumption-production rates of these electroactive species by algae, the quantity of herbicid
219  moiety with two iron centers leads to novel electroactive species displaying unprecedented redox-tri
220  (diameter 300 nm to 1 microm) containing an electroactive species in electrolyte solution is brought
221 technique for quantifying the diffusivity of electroactive species in high viscosity media, where the
222 interference caused by the presence of other electroactive species in the brain, such as ascorbic aci
223 hod offers the advantage that it can resolve electroactive species not separated in the channel.
224          The cyclic voltammetric behavior of electroactive species observed at these fibers exhibited
225            The beta-gal catalyzed PAPG to an electroactive species p-aminophenol (PAP) which could be
226 ed by measuring the oxidation current of the electroactive species reaching the electrode surface, by
227                               Moreover, some electroactive species require high redox potentials that
228  ferrocyanide in aqueous solution as a model electroactive species to demonstrate that this microelec
229 y be applied are explored and are related to electroactive species which display slow dissolution kin
230 n was essential in the identification of the electroactive species, [Mg(2)(mu-Cl)(3).6THF](+), and vi
231 /mM x cm2), low interference from endogenous electroactive species, and working lifetime of more than
232 roduct, or the diffusion coefficients of the electroactive species, are discussed.
233  simultaneous measurements of both ionic and electroactive species, improved reproducibility, and con
234 It works based on the fact that proteins are electroactive species, in contrast to the lipid componen
235 e the ET rate constants measured for several electroactive species, including ferrocene, ferrocenemet
236 tional and solvation force constants for the electroactive species.
237 ependent on the surface concentration of the electroactive species.
238 a polymer layer permselective for endogenous electroactive species.
239 ectrocatalytic activity toward intracellular electroactive species.
240 ontophoretic probe to detect the ejection of electroactive species.
241 tion on fluctuations in the concentration of electroactive species.
242 ltammograms into contributions from multiple electroactive species.
243 ligible interferences from common coexisting electroactive species.
244 llector reaction for the regeneration of the electroactive species; thus, collection efficiencies of
245 prismand together with an intimately coupled electroactive stilbenoid moiety was accomplished via an
246 ecise introduction and removal of a bolus of electroactive substance on a sub-second time scale to th
247 platinum electrodes to avoid the response to electroactive substances.
248 nd show minimal interference from endogenous electroactive substances.
249 uctures of the molecules, e.g. the number of electroactive substituent groups on the central benzene,
250  a sulfur-based anchoring unit and different electroactive substituents on the central benzene ring.
251 mmobilize ligands, proteins, and cells to an electroactive substrate with precise control of ligand d
252 assembled containers constituted each by six electroactive subunits are described.
253 notubes, carbon paste and nafion was used as electroactive support for immobilization of the enzymes
254 s on the electrochemistry of multifunctional electroactive supramolecular architectures.
255 ed to provide a shorter distance between the electroactive surface and the ferrocene while maintainin
256 rd high charge density upon attachment to an electroactive surface are of interest for use in molecul
257 ng a conductive paper with an extremely high electroactive surface area (0.29+/-0.13cm(2)), confirmed
258                                          The electroactive surface area exposed can be controlled wit
259 h chargeinjection capacity, due to the large electroactive surface area of the electrode.
260 bit fast electron-transfer kinetics and high electroactive surface area to geometrical area (EAA/GA a
261 he modified electrodes exhibited an enhanced electroactive surface area twice as high as the nonmodif
262              The nanoporous electrode has an electroactive surface area up to 40 times higher than th
263                       Because of their small electroactive surface area, conical geometry with a low
264 tics of the electrode interface, such as its electroactive surface area, diffusion coefficient and el
265                            Through the Pt NP electroactive surface area, we show that all NPs on the
266 its with controlled thicknesses for enhanced electroactive surface areas leading to improved sensor p
267                       On the other hand, the electroactive surface coverage and stability of microsom
268 insulation walls relative to the size of the electroactive surface enabling control of the RG (define
269 es the ability to attach the molecules to an electroactive surface in a reliable and robust manner.
270 mobilization of the enzyme molecules onto an electroactive surface modified with functionalized gold
271  Specific mass transport properties near the electroactive surface of the electrodes were elucidated
272 te a bioactive surface strategy with a photo-electroactive surface strategy to generate dynamic ligan
273 reased the current by partially blocking the electroactive surface with a six-bead assembly.
274  biosensing devices has found to improve the electroactive surface, electronic conductivity and bioco
275 sis of covalently linked architectures on an electroactive surface, three sets of zinc porphyrins (22
276 ntation of the redox-active porphyrin on the electroactive surface.
277 mploys redox-active molecules tethered to an electroactive surface.
278 e a means for attachment of the arrays to an electroactive surface.
279  transport as well as a large and accessible electroactive surface.
280  the construction of a stack of components ("electroactive surface/tether/charge-storage molecule/lin
281 ules designed to give high charge density on electroactive surfaces are essential for applications in
282               Attachment of the molecules to electroactive surfaces requires control over the nature
283 tion of elaborate molecular architectures on electroactive surfaces to yield hybrid molecular/semicon
284                                        These electroactive systems may be rapidly and conformally coa
285  derivatization with either a fluorescent or electroactive tag.
286                     Although both guests are electroactive, the supramolecular complexes 2@1(2) and 3
287 Cyclic voltammetry measurements performed on electroactive thin films of the resulting material indic
288      We present the fabrication of nanoscale electroactive thin films that can be engineered to under
289  with specific attention toward skeletal and electroactive tissues, such as cardiac, nerve, bone, car
290 as the nanocarrier for the immobilization of electroactive toluidine blue (Tb), hemin/G-quadruplex fo
291 riation of the net concentration/flux of the electroactive tracer, dopamine, at the electrode surface
292 nd SSEBS-ITO could be applied to a number of electroactive transition metals detectable by CSV.
293                            The viologen-type electroactive unit embedded directly in the helical scaf
294  fulleropyrrolidine moiety and two different electroactive units [donor 1-donor 2 (10, 15a,b), or don
295                In addition, incorporation of electroactive units into these binuclear systems has bee
296 e examples of the incorporation into GBMs of electroactive units such as porphyrins, phthalocyanines,
297                                              Electroactive, water soluble organic dye Azu-A was effec
298                               A single-mode, electroactive waveguiding platform capable of measuring
299                               A micron-sized electroactive wire is sealed inside this capillary produ
300 he three-dimensional arrays provide abundant electroactive zones and electron/ion transport paths, an

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