ライフサイエンスコーパス: elementary

1 The state of penile transplantation is elementary.

2 We used online UV-vis detection and off-line elementary analysis to follow particle losses during ful

3 cost of lunches from home averaged $1.93 for elementary and $1.76 for intermediate students.

4 SP guidelines), and fluid milk (0.08 cup for elementary and 0.02 cup for intermediate students vs 1 c

5 e NSLP guidelines), vegetables (0.07 cup for elementary and 0.11 cup for intermediate students vs 0.7

6 ) and fewer servings of fruits (0.33 cup for elementary and 0.29 cup for intermediate students vs 0.5

7 lines), whole grains (0.22-oz equivalent for elementary and 0.31-oz equivalent for intermediate stude

8 contained more sodium (1110 vs </=640 mg for elementary and 1003 vs </=710 mg for intermediate studen

9 ational study was conducted in 12 schools (8 elementary and 4 intermediate) in one Houston, Texas, ar

10 Participants included 242 elementary and 95 intermediate school students who broug

11 .013; P = .02) higher average test scores in elementary and middle school, 2.8% (95% CI, 0.4-5.2; P =

12 indergarten, scores on standardized tests in elementary and middle school, gifted status, and low per

13 ed during the 2011-2012 school year among 14 elementary and middle schools in 2 urban, low-income sch

14 other, whereas disgust seems to be the most elementary and specific basic-emotional antecedent of co

15 all of the experimental data associated with elementary atom plus diatom collisions.

16 low-light-grown membranes, we found that the elementary backward transfer rate constant from B890 to

17 way to represent band structures in terms of elementary basis states, and then isolating the topologi

18 comorbid generalized anxiety/depression, to elementary behaviours/domains and their transmission mec

19 nces in our understanding of the dynamics of elementary (bimolecular) polyatomic reactions in the gas

20 The effects of "molecular crowding" on elementary biochemical processes due to high solute conc

21 This small-scale, elementary biohybrid swimmer can serve as a platform for

22 ized into two groups: variants of triangular elementary block Au3(2e) and tetrahedral elementary bloc

23 lar elementary block Au3(2e) and tetrahedral elementary block Au4(2e), all satisfying the duet rule (

24 The elementary blocks, when packed together, form the cores

25 A8-35 had a higher ratio of Abs to denatured elementary bodies (EB) over live EB, recognized more syn

26 crophages at low MOIs but yielded few viable elementary bodies (EBs) when macrophages were infected a

27 ioning between the infectious, extracellular elementary body and the replicative, intracellular retic

28 Using elementary body ELISA, we demonstrated approximately 1 i

29 Chlamydia trachomatis elementary body enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA

30 The CFM can also serve as the elementary building block to simulate a capillary networ

31 any natural systems, where a small number of elementary building blocks are assembled to build a high

32 A key open question is how these elementary building blocks emerge, and how they operate,

33 ectric domain walls are of great interest as elementary building blocks for future electronic devices

34 The ability to reconfigure elementary building blocks from one structure to another

35 terns and superlubricity in nanocontacts-the elementary building blocks of friction.

36 Semiconductor p-n junctions are the elementary building blocks of most electronic and optoel

37 and suggest granule layer signals represent elementary building blocks under-represented in core sen

38 als can be formed by the ordered assembly of elementary building blocks using recognition modules and

39 ee minutes, ibuprofen was assembled from its elementary building blocks with an average yield of abov

40 , CH2O, a very reactive molecule, remains an elementary C1 building block to be observed.

41 T3+Dex enhanced elementary Ca release measured by Ca sparks and promoted

42 Thus, elementary calculus and phylogenetics can be integrated

43 gnals supporting the categorization of fewer elementary categories (e.g., approach/avoidance).

44 The ab initio analysis of the hemozoin elementary cell showed that the Fe(3+) ion is in the hig

45 The question of how many chains an elementary cellulose microfibril contains is critical to

46 ain structures are more viable models for an elementary cellulose microfibril, which also correlates

47 ome simplistic models of the plasticity, the elementary change of a synaptic weight in an artificial

48 neration quantum efficiency and the rates of elementary charge separation and recombination steps of

49 relative difference between the positron and elementary charge) of about one part per billion (one st

50 ritical mass, below which they shed just one elementary charge, evidently by ion evaporation.

51 (one standard deviation), in which e is the elementary charge.

52 onsiderably lags behind the understanding of elementary chemical reactions.

53 of groups graded by root systems, including elementary Chevalley groups and Steinberg groups of rank

54 ns while rats engaged in interval timing, an elementary cognitive function that engages both areas.

55 D activity during behavioral tasks assessing elementary cognitive processes inherent to flexible goal

56 ve inflexibility, questions remain about the elementary cognitive processes that account for the defi

57 We used an interval timing task to study elementary cognitive processing that requires both front

58 This activation pattern suggests that during elementary cognitive tasks, the prefrontal network trans

59 dern condensed matter physics to describe an elementary collective excitation.

60 etal dichalcogenide semiconductors represent elementary components of layered heterostructures for em

61 The highest mortality rates were in elementary construction (701 deaths per 100 000 person-y

62 called correlation-based querying, gives an elementary demonstration of the link by delivering basic

63 The current understanding of an elementary descriptor of wrinkles--their wavelength--is

64 ics and foreshadow the possibility to design elementary digital devices for all-domain-wall circuitry

65 ctors we apply a sensitivity method based on elementary effects providing an estimate for the global

66 nalysis with a screening step, the method of elementary effects.

67 solated systems is quantized in units of the elementary electron charge e.

68 ight also be a contributory factor, impeding elementary electron transfer off the [NiFe] site after p

69 d individual rate constants for all relevant elementary energy transfer (ET) processes.

70 edge describe networks of interactions among elementary entities.

71 With 12 experimentally determined elementary ET steps and 6 ET reaction pairs, the enzyme

72 Calcium (Ca) sparks are elementary events of biological Ca signaling.

73 nets has elucidated the nature of low energy elementary excitations and complex interplay between tho

74 rection, which indicates that the underlying elementary excitations are spinons carrying fractional s

75 iation has frequently been used to probe the elementary excitations of low-dimensional systems.

76 order using interferometric measurements of elementary excitations.

77 nocular disparity) with corresponding 2D and elementary feature extraction control conditions.

78 oding model to examine representations of an elementary feature property (orientation) across the ent

79 k shows how a nervous system controls simple elementary features of posture to generate complex movem

80 tent over hundreds of milliseconds, allowing elementary features to be defined.

81 ed by a stochastic process composed of these elementary features, and a generative model of this proc

82 Within elementary features, velocities diverge, suggesting that

83 e limited by the finite memory between these elementary features.

84 Aromatic hydrocarbons are some of the most elementary feedstock chemicals, produced annually on a m

85 Beginning with elementary fluid mechanics and known cellular behaviors,

86 Elementary flux mode analysis (EFMA) decomposes complex

87 ophic utilisation of autotroph biomass using elementary flux mode analysis and flux balance analysis.

88 Elementary flux modes (EFMs) analysis constitutes a fund

89 networks enables the complete enumeration of elementary flux modes (EFMs) for metabolic models of a b

90 nsequences of nonlinear interactions between elementary flux modes in glycolysis for metabolic engine

91 Elementary (flux) modes (EMs) have served as a valuable

92 such patterns are essential to understanding elementary foraging mechanisms.

93 ually simple, the site and substrate of this elementary form of decision making is still largely unkn

94 , these data suggest that OT plays a role in elementary forms of behavioral flexibility and adaptive

95 epts related to authority and community, two elementary forms of human sociality.

96 ecause these building blocks may be the next elementary functional level above individual proteins al

97 e domain history onto a bipartite network of elementary functional loop sequences and domain structur

98 The resulting 'elementary functionome' network and its loop motif and s

99 fully understood how pulmonary alveoli, the elementary gas exchange units in mammalian lungs, inflat

100 numerical simulation shows that the proposed elementary gate is robust against the atomic spontaneous

101 forms evolved from a common core of ancient, elementary genes.

102 le structures-we show that scale-independent elementary geometric constructions and constrained optim

103 responds to a superposition of two different elementary half-quantum states.

104 This is an elementary introduction to causal inference in economics

105 mixing the large cluster ion with the small elementary ion.

106 Elementary IP3 receptor-mediated Ca(2+) release events (

107 cies (the simplest molecular analogue of the elementary {IrO6}(8-) fragment present in all iridates).

108 Psychosis is characterized by an elementary lack of trust in others.

109 ith detailed modelling, we determine how the elementary lattice, charge, spin and orbital excitations

110 The dried-out soil elementary lesions radically enlarged in patients with a

111 bly of colloidal nanocrystals is still at an elementary level, not only because of the limited templa

112 ta obtained were fitted to the model with 14 elementary linked reactions forming a multi-response obs

113 onstructed using the logic rules, a class of elementary logic functions, and AND, OR, and NOT gates.

114 The main idea behind magnonics is to use the elementary magnetic excitations (magnons) for informatio

115 We consider two elementary (max-flow and uniform-flow) and two realistic

116 competition for miRNAs may indeed provide an elementary mechanism to achieve system-level regulatory

117 The results establish an elementary mechanistic understanding of catalysis in a [

118 f metabolic networks using mass balances and elementary metabolite unit balances.

119 We found an elementary method by which biologically meaningful trend

120 Most US elementary, middle, and high school students attend scho

121 hese activities in afterschool settings with elementary, middle, and high school students.

122 ectional studies were evaluated in US public elementary, middle, and high schools with use of a surve

123 We demonstrate the efficacy of TOGA using an elementary model system in which we seek to quantify a t

124 Our approach combines elementary models for transmission, case observation, wi

125 ks an important step in our understanding of elementary motion detection.

126 thus providing a candidate substrate for the elementary motion detector (EMD) [2].

127 In the elementary motion detector of Drosophila, direction sele

128 A quick guide to the elementary motion detector- a model of how a simple neur

129 We compare these data with output from elementary motion detector-based models, with and withou

130 Thus, this circuit informs elementary motion detectors about a wide region of the v

131 wide-field motion pathway reveal that local elementary motion detectors exist in pairs that separate

132 While insect elementary motion detectors have served as premiere expe

133 ned and wide-field signals are essential for elementary motion processing.

134 describe have not been directly measured in elementary motion-detecting neurons (EMDs).

135 ex sequential movements by helping to select elementary motor gestures appropriate to a given behavio

136 The elementary movement coded in area 5d suggests that unfol

137 n knowledge may best be filled by evaluating elementary neurobehavioral units affected by inflammatio

138 Attention can facilitate the selection of elementary object features such as color, orientation, o

139 from the previous ones in the sense that the elementary objects are not molecular precursors and is a

140 that predicts elastic properties in terms of elementary orbital radii of the individual components of

141 terahertz spectroscopy, giving access to the elementary parameters of carrier conduction.

142 The axion is a hypothetical elementary particle arising in a simple and elegant exte

143 pact in all fields of natural sciences, from elementary particle physics, to the imaging of proteins

144 There's no known such elementary particle, so the strong presumption is the da

145 While not having been found as an elementary particle, they are found to emerge in solid-s

146 ogical object originally introduced to model elementary particles and a baby skyrmion is its two-dime

147 Elementary particles such as electrons or photons are fr

148 Fermions--elementary particles such as electrons--are classified a

149 able configurations of objects--ranging from elementary particles to cosmological formations--that al

150 Although never observed as elementary particles, quasiparticles with Weyl dispersio

151 xists and that it is very likely composed of elementary particles, which are weakly interacting and m

152 ave revealed insights into atoms, nuclei and elementary particles.

153 tons, Coulomb-bound electron-hole pairs, are elementary photo-excitations in semiconductors that can

154 irst time, the fundamental dependence of the elementary pinning force of multiple defects on the vort

155 Yet, they often conflict with elementary principles of economic theory and are often d

156 We show how an elementary probabilistic model based on extreme value th

157 An elementary process in vision is the detection of darks a

158 Identifying the mechanism underlying this elementary process of memory is a step forward in unders

159 e synthesis, a thorough understanding of the elementary processes involved is crucial.

160 in governing synaptic vesicle fusion, their elementary properties in adult mammals remain unknown.

161 ctance in SCs of vertebrates, to investigate elementary properties of AMPARs in these cells, and to p

162 lecular systems are often irreducible to the elementary properties of their individual components.

163 We investigate the possibility of realizing elementary quantum gates between two high-dimensional at

164 When elementary quantum systems, such as polarized photons, a

165 bounds on estimated values of the individual elementary rate constants within the proposed model.

166 reaction pathway involved with a barrierless elementary reaction at the reaction entrance and the for

167 This elementary reaction enables a powerful cross-coupling re

168 on were used to estimate the enthalpy of the elementary reaction HCOOHad --> HCOObi,ad + Had to be -4

169 uire an understanding of the radical-induced elementary reaction mechanisms and their reaction-rate c

170 are reported for any isotopic variant of the elementary reaction of O((3)P) with molecular hydrogen.

171 lished some of our efforts on predicting the elementary reaction pathways and the HO* rate constants.

172 The LFERs and the elementary reaction pathways will enable us to predict t

173 native mechanism differ significantly, since elementary reaction rates depend on the product of the r

174 ations, it is remarkable that the underlying elementary reaction steps are relatively few in number.

175 zation for 1-5 was similar and the necessary elementary reaction steps included initiation, normal pr

176 formulated alternative kinetic models, with elementary reaction steps represented by linear kinetic

177 itions due to kinetically competing relevant elementary reaction steps.

178 es, which is an important model system of an elementary reaction that is relevant to heterogeneous ca

179 eaction mechanisms for the development of an elementary reaction-based kinetic model.

180 Free energies of activation for all elementary reactions are determined from density functio

181 netic parameters for all forward and reverse elementary reactions are fed to a microkinetic model giv

182 As a result, fast elementary reactions are not modeled explicitly, and the

183 ch as apparent kinetic data for well-defined elementary reactions has become feasible as current comp

184 Many classes of elementary reactions involving transition-metal complexe

185 detailed understanding of the structures and elementary reactions of discrete organometallic complexe

186 re, chemical equilibria, and kinetics of the elementary reactions of this pathway, enabled by compute

187 lete theoretical description of the chain of elementary reactions resulting in chromophore maturation

188 Overall, the present studies establish the elementary reactions steps by which CO is cleaved and co

189 Chemical kinetics simulations link the elementary reactions steps of CI to the observed kinetic

190 The framework is based on a set of seven elementary reactions that (i) form the basis for 69 pair

191 tic classifications are based on whether the elementary reactions with methane proceed by chain or no

192 In particular, CHA reactions are defined as elementary reactions with methane that result in a discr

193 In contrast, CHO reactions are defined as elementary reactions with methane where the carbon atom

194 cal considerations and the mechanisms of the elementary reactions with methane.

195 ive presents the fundamental principles, the elementary reactions, the initial catalytic systems, and

196 ediction capabilities of the model, built on elementary reactions, together with its practical side (

197 talysis permitted examination of several key elementary reactions.

198 The underlying model is a new definition of elementary repeats that incorporates the PatternHunter s

199 RNA using basic sequence features and employ elementary rules for ranking possible sgRNAs.

200 neighbourhoods, surveys of children entering elementary school (age 5 years before Sept 1) allow asse

201 Exposure to elementary school coupons, as well as middle and high sc

202 Children of pre- and post-elementary school entrance were enrolled for this study.

203 Even in the children of pre- and post-elementary school entrance, the prophylactic treatment b

204 he effect in the generation of pre- and post-elementary school entrance.

205 ing early childhood, policies to improve the elementary school food and beverage environments are cri

206 e we report a study of an AGE outbreak in an elementary school in December 2014 caused by the new GII

207 ter the December 2012 shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, where 20 chil

208 In 2008, 39 132 children began elementary school in San Diego County, CA, USA.

209 Because most US children attend elementary school in their own neighbourhoods, surveys o

210 son plans delivered by older peers within an elementary school setting is an effective method for att

211 chools in Manitoba, Canada, and included 647 elementary school students aged 6 to 12 years (48% girls

212 We followed 188, 10- to 11-y-old, elementary school students for 5 wk spread throughout th

213 were delivered by older (9- to 12-year-old) elementary school students to the younger (6- to 8-year-

214 For 63.7% of elementary school students, the most frequent type of co

215 knowledge of healthy living behaviors among elementary school students.

216 increased academic performance in the early elementary school years.

217 e on the national incidence of obesity among elementary-school children.

218 schools (95% CI, 43.3%-59.7%), and 49.5% of elementary schools (95% CI, 42.0%-57.0%) had teachers al

219 schools (95% CI, 13.3%-24.4%), and 14.7% of elementary schools (95% CI, 9.6%-21.8%) almost always or

220 children in 4 SLV intervention and 4 control elementary schools (grades K-6) matched for sociodemogra

221 number for measles in San Diego County's 638 elementary schools and its largest district, comprising

222 a sample of 1227 New York, New York, public elementary schools and middle schools and the 1,065,562

223 High schools were less likely than elementary schools and middle schools to adopt several p

224 065 562 students within New York City public elementary schools and middle schools.

225 mental study included a sample of 446 public elementary schools from a large, urban US school distric

226 We recruited 840 children from 14 elementary schools in Araihazar, Bangladesh.

227 0) implementation of CF&B policies in public elementary schools in California.

228 The study was performed in 19 elementary schools in Manitoba, Canada, and included 647

229 asthma who were enrolled from 37 inner-city elementary schools in the northeastern United States bet

230 e approximately equally distributed from 138 elementary schools representing the 6 governorates of Ku

231 Ten elementary schools serving a primarily low-income, black

232 cted from school district records across the elementary schools.

233 Here we show that elementary-shape memory cells fabricated from a single-l

234 s for precisely sculpting a great variety of elementary shapes by diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO2) i

235 5-trisphosphate receptor channels constitute elementary signals called calcium puffs.

236 d at the system level, exists already at the elementary, single neuron level.

237 -6 orders of magnitude greater than those of elementary site-exchange processes, indicating that the

238 Incorporating this elementary skill in learning boosts the capability of ne

239 enerated by the constructive interference of elementary spectral components (linear dispersive focusi

240 iated with an attractive interaction between elementary spin-excitations and have been predicted to o

241 ntenals into 3-pentenals occurs through this elementary step and cleavage of two C-H bonds, as suppor

242 llent CO tolerance in H2 activation, the key elementary step for hydrogenation and hydrogen electro-o

243 on of Pd(II) intermediates to Pd(0) is a key elementary step in a vast number of Pd-catalyzed process

244 and platinum(IV)], the central bond-forming elementary step in many catalytic processes.

245 A key elementary step of contraction is sequential extension-r

246 revealed the fate of the Lewis acid in each elementary step of the copper-catalyzed conjugate additi

247 e reactivity of the product of this proposed elementary step, an alpha-fluoro-N-acylpyridinium salt,

248 er from the Si(II) to Fe(0) center, as a key elementary step, resulting in a betaine-like silyliumyli

249 ctron from an amide substrate in a concerted elementary step.

250 A new table of elementary-step barrier heights is provided.

251 M), two key industrial reactions with common elementary steps and intermediates, but held at signific

252 hree electron-transfer and two bond-breaking elementary steps and thus the fine tuning of the biologi

253 been studied extensively to investigate the elementary steps by which carbon monoxide is deoxygenate

254 lute seven electron-transfer reactions in 10 elementary steps in all classes of CPD photolyases.

255 Elementary steps in enantioselective heterogeneous catal

256 esolving the conformations and energetics of elementary steps in the activation process, and atomic-l

257 Accurate rate coefficients for all elementary steps in the various competing mechanisms are

258 l observations and provide insight about the elementary steps involved in reactions directly on the c

259 ctivation, it is necessary to understand the elementary steps involved in the activation and conversi

260 view highlights stoichiometric reactions and elementary steps of catalytic reactions involving cooper

261 from differences in the product-determining elementary steps of each electrophilic substitution.

262 say that is capable of resolving docking and elementary steps of fusion with millisecond time resolut

263 opy were used to analyze the kinetics of the elementary steps of hydrogen evolution catalysis.

264 xes are described as model compounds for the elementary steps of light-driven overall water splitting

265 A comprehensive kinetic model indicating the elementary steps of Maillard reaction and caramelization

266 The participation of H2O in each of the elementary steps of the catalytic cycle, involving the f

267 inetically competent to undergo the proposed elementary steps of the catalytic cycle.

268 unctional (omegaB97X-D) to explore the basic elementary steps of the catalytic cycle.

269 ional water molecule acts to promote all the elementary steps of the dissociation process and subsequ

270 ediates, their ability to participate in the elementary steps of the proposed catalytic cycle, and th

271 The elucidation of the elementary steps of this process will aid the design of

272 eriments) is provided to support each of the elementary steps proposed and the hypothesis that a key

273 ction intermediates offered a glimpse of the elementary steps that constitute the catalytic cycle.

274 ,2,11,13,15-pentaen e) for CO2 reduction and elementary steps that result in the formation of CO prod

275 However, the relevance of specific reaction elementary steps to the overall reaction rate depends on

276 The elementary steps were characterized using atomic force m

277 aradigm, explicitly designing for on-pathway elementary steps, and a negative design paradigm, explic

278 The cascade process involves three elementary steps, i.e., by chronological order: Myers-Sa

279 To obtain information about the elementary steps, we additionally performed density func

280 without preordained reaction coordinates or elementary steps.

281 picric acid, which helped reveal some of the elementary steps.

282 ecies and the degrees of rate control of the elementary steps.

283 ted and reveals a reaction mechanism of four elementary steps: (i) formation of a zwitterionic interm

284 n biogenesis is the formation of a helix, an elementary structure that is ubiquitously present and re

285 timately on the magnetic properties of their elementary subgap excitations, usually called Andreev le

286 ogether with ecosystem services, provide the elementary supports for the sustainable development of h

287 We compare five elementary synthetic designs (maquettes) and the natural

288 ing to specific DNA sequences or motifs, are elementary to the regulation of transcription.

289 eory has demonstrated an analogy between the elementary topological defects named disclinations to el

290 ancer therapy, as the dysregulation of these elementary transducers of extracellular signals, like th

291 lock metals, and that uranium can thus mimic elementary transition metal reactivity, which may lead t

292 The elementary unit for analysis was the core.

293 Although the elementary unit of biology is the cell, high-throughput

294 in human and monkey visual cortex during an elementary visual decision: reporting the appearance or

295 stent" cortical state.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Elementary visual decisions are associated with a rapid

296 ndings provide a quantitative account of how elementary visual inputs form the ganglion cell receptiv

297 averaged concentration over a representative elementary volume of the pore network), we directly esti

298 To test our idea, we considered elementary voluntary movements: saccades of the eye.

299 nsight into fluctuations of water structure, elementary water motions, electric fields at hydrated bi

300 ue waves is the constructive interference of elementary waves enhanced by second-order bound nonlinea