ライフサイエンスコーパス: elementary

1 The state of penile transplantation is elementary.

2 ving forces controlling phosphate binding to elementary amphiphilic receptors anchored at air-water i

3 We used online UV-vis detection and off-line elementary analysis to follow particle losses during ful

4 ce and associated risk factors for myopia in elementary and junior high school students in Chia-Yi, T

5 p and monitored using sophisticated targeted elementary and metabolite analysis.

6 ial problem solving), and academic skills in elementary and middle school partially mediate the inter

7 .013; P = .02) higher average test scores in elementary and middle school, 2.8% (95% CI, 0.4-5.2; P =

8 indergarten, scores on standardized tests in elementary and middle school, gifted status, and low per

9 other, whereas disgust seems to be the most elementary and specific basic-emotional antecedent of co

10 all of the experimental data associated with elementary atom plus diatom collisions.

11 way to represent band structures in terms of elementary basis states, and then isolating the topologi

12 comorbid generalized anxiety/depression, to elementary behaviours/domains and their transmission mec

13 nces in our understanding of the dynamics of elementary (bimolecular) polyatomic reactions in the gas

14 ized into two groups: variants of triangular elementary block Au3(2e) and tetrahedral elementary bloc

15 lar elementary block Au3(2e) and tetrahedral elementary block Au4(2e), all satisfying the duet rule (

16 e, these systems could enable development of elementary blocks for atomically thin infrared and THz l

17 The elementary blocks, when packed together, form the cores

18 l, leading to the uptake of fewer chlamydial elementary bodies and diminished turnover of EGFR.

19 Using elementary body ELISA, we demonstrated approximately 1 i

20 Chlamydia trachomatis elementary body enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA

21 execute advanced operations by a sequence of elementary Boolean functions of 2 or more bits.

22 The CFM can also serve as the elementary building block to simulate a capillary networ

23 any natural systems, where a small number of elementary building blocks are assembled to build a high

24 A key open question is how these elementary building blocks emerge, and how they operate,

25 ectric domain walls are of great interest as elementary building blocks for future electronic devices

26 The ability to reconfigure elementary building blocks from one structure to another

27 terns and superlubricity in nanocontacts-the elementary building blocks of friction.

28 Semiconductor p-n junctions are the elementary building blocks of most electronic and optoel

29 and suggest granule layer signals represent elementary building blocks under-represented in core sen

30 T3+Dex enhanced elementary Ca release measured by Ca sparks and promoted

31 The ab initio analysis of the hemozoin elementary cell showed that the Fe(3+) ion is in the hig

32 ome simplistic models of the plasticity, the elementary change of a synaptic weight in an artificial

33 ecules that is of the order of less than one elementary charge per nanometer.

34 relative difference between the positron and elementary charge) of about one part per billion (one st

35 Coulomb blockade conductance peaks (e is the elementary charge).

36 ld (where h is the Planck constant, e is the elementary charge, and the Chern number C is an integer)

37 maging charges as small as a fraction of one elementary charge.

38 (one standard deviation), in which e is the elementary charge.

39 The two parameters stay within 3.2 +/- 0.2 elementary charges and 30 +/- 2 mV, respectively.

40 from m ~ 2 to ~90 MDa and z ~ 50 to ~1300 e (elementary charges) and are highly dependent upon the co

41 ritical importance in initiating a series of elementary chemical reactions, leading eventually to org

42 ns while rats engaged in interval timing, an elementary cognitive function that engages both areas.

43 We used an interval timing task to study elementary cognitive processing that requires both front

44 This activation pattern suggests that during elementary cognitive tasks, the prefrontal network trans

45 dern condensed matter physics to describe an elementary collective excitation.

46 etal dichalcogenide semiconductors represent elementary components of layered heterostructures for em

47 its features the use of endogenous miRNAs as elementary components of the engineered iFFL device, a v

48 -Merge fallacy"-the conclusion that the most elementary computational operation for human language sy

49 ape are evolutionarily conserved and rely on elementary computational steps such as classifying senso

50 Moreover, the elementary computations that detect approaching motion b

51 The highest mortality rates were in elementary construction (701 deaths per 100 000 person-y

52 The current understanding of an elementary descriptor of wrinkles--their wavelength--is

53 ics and foreshadow the possibility to design elementary digital devices for all-domain-wall circuitry

54 tion was lower in individuals with more than elementary education (for secondary, beta x time = -0.06

55 solated systems is quantized in units of the elementary electron charge e.

56 tra were computed to determine the number of elementary emissions present.

57 edge describe networks of interactions among elementary entities.

58 Calcium (Ca) sparks are elementary events of biological Ca signaling.

59 omising for hybrid systems that couple their elementary excitations (excitons, phonons) to their macr

60 nets has elucidated the nature of low energy elementary excitations and complex interplay between tho

61 rection, which indicates that the underlying elementary excitations are spinons carrying fractional s

62 ndensate by detecting the spectral branch of elementary excitations populated by this process.

63 The dispersion relations of elementary excitations such as phonons and plasmons can

64 cal character, including "fractionalization"-elementary excitations that behave as fractions of an el

65 onductors when photons interact with various elementary excitations.

66 order using interferometric measurements of elementary excitations.

67 oding model to examine representations of an elementary feature property (orientation) across the ent

68 k shows how a nervous system controls simple elementary features of posture to generate complex movem

69 tent over hundreds of milliseconds, allowing elementary features to be defined.

70 ed by a stochastic process composed of these elementary features, and a generative model of this proc

71 Within elementary features, velocities diverge, suggesting that

72 e limited by the finite memory between these elementary features.

73 Aromatic hydrocarbons are some of the most elementary feedstock chemicals, produced annually on a m

74 While elementary flux mode (EFM) analysis is now recognized as

75 ophic utilisation of autotroph biomass using elementary flux mode analysis and flux balance analysis.

76 Elementary (flux) modes (EMs) have served as a valuable

77 n shown that sulfur, a solid material in its elementary form S(8), can stay in a supercooled state as

78 ecause these building blocks may be the next elementary functional level above individual proteins al

79 e domain history onto a bipartite network of elementary functional loop sequences and domain structur

80 The resulting 'elementary functionome' network and its loop motif and s

81 be initiated in star-forming regions via the elementary gas-phase reaction of methylidyne radicals wi

82 cule (C(7)H(6)) has been synthesized via the elementary gas-phase reaction of the methylidyne radical

83 numerical simulation shows that the proposed elementary gate is robust against the atomic spontaneous

84 forms evolved from a common core of ancient, elementary genes.

85 le structures-we show that scale-independent elementary geometric constructions and constrained optim

86 el quasiparticles beyond those mimicking the elementary high-energy particles such as Dirac and Weyl

87 on progenitor have been proposed to serve as elementary information processing modules in the neocort

88 f ANXA1 expression enhanced global and local elementary InsP(3)-mediated Ca(2+) signaling events.

89 y exchanged from one mode to another in each elementary interaction is proportional to the frequency

90 This is an elementary introduction to causal inference in economics

91 mixing the large cluster ion with the small elementary ion.

92 cies (the simplest molecular analogue of the elementary {IrO6}(8-) fragment present in all iridates).

93 Our formulation, entitled generalized elementary kinetics, can be used to analyze and predict

94 ith detailed modelling, we determine how the elementary lattice, charge, spin and orbital excitations

95 To investigate the role of OGA in elementary learning, we generated catalytically inactive

96 The dried-out soil elementary lesions radically enlarged in patients with a

97 At the elementary level (uncoupled from work output), redox cat

98 bly of colloidal nanocrystals is still at an elementary level, not only because of the limited templa

99 onstructed using the logic rules, a class of elementary logic functions, and AND, OR, and NOT gates.

100 We characterize BEN behaviors ranging from elementary logic gates to pattern detectors, using both

101 trix in SL(2)(O) is the product of at most 5 elementary matrices if K has at least 1 real embedding,

102 t 1 real embedding, the product of at most 6 elementary matrices if S contains a finite place, and th

103 a finite place, and the product of at most 7 elementary matrices in general.

104 nite place we can get a product of at most 8 elementary matrices.

105 We consider two elementary (max-flow and uniform-flow) and two realistic

106 were specifically performed to determine the elementary mechanism of secretion and functioning of the

107 e main scientific observations regarding the elementary mechanisms of conscious processing in the hum

108 Elucidating elementary mechanisms that underlie bacterial diversity

109 -characterized examples of the full triad of elementary mechanistic aryl C-X substitution steps at a

110 ate that simple sequence motifs can rigidify elementary membrane proteins, and that orthogonal artifi

111 We found an elementary method by which biologically meaningful trend

112 hese activities in afterschool settings with elementary, middle, and high school students.

113 Our approach combines elementary models for transmission, case observation, wi

114 ks an important step in our understanding of elementary motion detection.

115 By simulating an elementary motion detector array, we show that head move

116 The percept was abolished when the elementary motion detector neurons T4 and T5 were silenc

117 In the elementary motion detector of Drosophila, direction sele

118 While insect elementary motion detectors have served as premiere expe

119 first-order direction-selective neurons, the elementary motion detectors T4 and T5.

120 background luminance and independent of the elementary motion of any parts of the prey.

121 describe have not been directly measured in elementary motion-detecting neurons (EMDs).

122 ion detectors feeding into a second layer of elementary-motion detectors.

123 ex sequential movements by helping to select elementary motor gestures appropriate to a given behavio

124 nce for plasticity of the representations of elementary movements.

125 have emerged as a convenient model to study elementary neurodevelopment; however, without in-depth f

126 otor and other areas) proposing the HR as an elementary neuronal computation.

127 xample, the nature of energy exchange during elementary normal mode interactions remains largely unkn

128 Attention can facilitate the selection of elementary object features such as color, orientation, o

129 from the previous ones in the sense that the elementary objects are not molecular precursors and is a

130 that predicts elastic properties in terms of elementary orbital radii of the individual components of

131 Reductive elimination is an elementary organometallic reaction step involving a form

132 essentially redox-neutral elimination as an elementary organometallic reaction step, may constitute

133 udies that can determine the exact nature of elementary organometallic steps remain limited, especial

134 terahertz spectroscopy, giving access to the elementary parameters of carrier conduction.

135 pact in all fields of natural sciences, from elementary particle physics, to the imaging of proteins

136 While not having been found as an elementary particle, they are found to emerge in solid-s

137 ogical object originally introduced to model elementary particles and a baby skyrmion is its two-dime

138 models in which dark matter consists of cold elementary particles predict that the dark halo populati

139 Magnetic monopoles(1-3) are hypothetical elementary particles with quantized magnetic charge.

140 ginating from the moving charges and spin of elementary particles, has revolutionized important techn

141 ave revealed insights into atoms, nuclei and elementary particles.

142 tons, Coulomb-bound electron-hole pairs, are elementary photo-excitations in semiconductors that can

143 Yet, they often conflict with elementary principles of economic theory and are often d

144 We show how an elementary probabilistic model based on extreme value th

145 An elementary process in vision is the detection of darks a

146 Identifying the mechanism underlying this elementary process of memory is a step forward in unders

147 activate surface adsorbates, catalysing key elementary processes (namely formate conversion and hydr

148 Elementary processes associated with ionization of liqui

149 e synthesis, a thorough understanding of the elementary processes involved is crucial.

150 rvations give valuable insights into the key elementary processes occurring on the surface of the CZA

151 n the molecular and the nanometer level, the elementary processes that determine the biomechanics of

152 To decipher the corresponding elementary processes, we develop electrically-pumped sin

153 They are yet unexplored elementary processes.

154 ctance in SCs of vertebrates, to investigate elementary properties of AMPARs in these cells, and to p

155 flow techniques to an enzyme designed for an elementary proton transfer reaction, we show how directe

156 of a computationally designed enzyme for an elementary proton-transfer reaction by nearly 4 orders o

157 Inspired by this elementary pump, we developed an example of a biohybrid

158 We investigate the possibility of realizing elementary quantum gates between two high-dimensional at

159 The proposed reaction mechanism and key elementary reaction acts were studied in detail using qu

160 uire an understanding of the radical-induced elementary reaction mechanisms and their reaction-rate c

161 ab initio methods to develop a quantitative elementary reaction model of oxygen exchange in a repres

162 r (C(22) H(14) ) is unraveled by probing the elementary reaction of the 2-tetracenyl radical (C(18) H

163 ents a benchmark to probe the outcome of the elementary reaction of the simplest hydrocarbon radical-

164 lopropenylidene (c-C(5)H(2)) carbene-via the elementary reaction of the simplest organic radical-meth

165 native mechanism differ significantly, since elementary reaction rates depend on the product of the r

166 d out at room temperature because all of the elementary reaction steps have low energy barriers, wher

167 Elementary reaction steps, including adsorption and diss

168 g thermokinetic characteristics of different elementary reaction steps, non-Nernstian behavior, and e

169 es, which is an important model system of an elementary reaction that is relevant to heterogeneous ca

170 eaction mechanisms for the development of an elementary reaction-based kinetic model.

171 ee of rate control and reversibility of each elementary reaction.

172 Free energies of activation for all elementary reactions are determined from density functio

173 netic parameters for all forward and reverse elementary reactions are fed to a microkinetic model giv

174 Many classes of elementary reactions involving transition-metal complexe

175 ligated Ni halide and aryl complexes through elementary reactions proposed in catalytic cycles for C(

176 lete theoretical description of the chain of elementary reactions resulting in chromophore maturation

177 Overall, the present studies establish the elementary reactions steps by which CO is cleaved and co

178 Chemical kinetics simulations link the elementary reactions steps of CI to the observed kinetic

179 on a vast scale, sequentially coupling these elementary reactions together with a single metal comple

180 ylene mediated gas phase chemistry involving elementary reactions with aryl radicals is presented.

181 tic classifications are based on whether the elementary reactions with methane proceed by chain or no

182 In particular, CHA reactions are defined as elementary reactions with methane that result in a discr

183 In contrast, CHO reactions are defined as elementary reactions with methane where the carbon atom

184 cal considerations and the mechanisms of the elementary reactions with methane.

185 tion schemes in terms of the maximum rate of elementary reactions, and we outline a procedure to iden

186 carrier from water splitting relies on four elementary reactions, i.e., the hydrogen evolution react

187 reaction intermediates and rate-determining elementary reactions, thereby providing vital informatio

188 ediction capabilities of the model, built on elementary reactions, together with its practical side (

189 d other spatial phenomena on the kinetics of elementary reactions.

190 talysis permitted examination of several key elementary reactions.

191 The underlying model is a new definition of elementary repeats that incorporates the PatternHunter s

192 this processing by the visual system at its elementary resolution of individual cones.

193 hough soft devices (grippers, actuators, and elementary robots) are rapidly becoming an integral part

194 RNA using basic sequence features and employ elementary rules for ranking possible sgRNAs.

195 neighbourhoods, surveys of children entering elementary school (age 5 years before Sept 1) allow asse

196 mechanisms of task-irrelevant VPL in healthy elementary school age children (7-10 years old) and comp

197 relatively smaller, suggesting exposures at elementary school age play a greater role in this popula

198 hysiological markers of SiN perception in 99 elementary school children (26 with dyslexia).

199 Children of pre- and post-elementary school entrance were enrolled for this study.

200 Even in the children of pre- and post-elementary school entrance, the prophylactic treatment b

201 he effect in the generation of pre- and post-elementary school entrance.

202 ter the December 2012 shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, where 20 chil

203 In 2008, 39 132 children began elementary school in San Diego County, CA, USA.

204 Because most US children attend elementary school in their own neighbourhoods, surveys o

205 ) showed a greater prevalence of myopia than elementary school students (aged 7-12) (55.8% vs. 40.1%,

206 We followed 188, 10- to 11-y-old, elementary school students for 5 wk spread throughout th

207 rthophoria, OR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.50-2.52) for elementary school students, whereas in junior high schoo

208 tification of airborne influenza virus in an elementary school, and the results suggest that airborne

209 nt at kindergarten entry and persists during elementary school.

210 nfluenza A virus (IAV) densities in a public elementary school.

211 -54, -19; p < 0.001) in 2017-2018 among non-elementary-school-aged individuals and -73 (95% CI -147,

212 schools (95% CI, 43.3%-59.7%), and 49.5% of elementary schools (95% CI, 42.0%-57.0%) had teachers al

213 schools (95% CI, 13.3%-24.4%), and 14.7% of elementary schools (95% CI, 9.6%-21.8%) almost always or

214 number for measles in San Diego County's 638 elementary schools and its largest district, comprising

215 a sample of 1227 New York, New York, public elementary schools and middle schools and the 1,065,562

216 High schools were less likely than elementary schools and middle schools to adopt several p

217 065 562 students within New York City public elementary schools and middle schools.

218 ntion was implemented in >=95 preschools and elementary schools in northern California from 2014 to 2

219 asthma who were enrolled from 37 inner-city elementary schools in the northeastern United States bet

220 e approximately equally distributed from 138 elementary schools representing the 6 governorates of Ku

221 Ten elementary schools serving a primarily low-income, black

222 randomized trial of supervised therapy in 20 elementary schools with a disproportionate enrollment of

223 lar regimes of assessment and instruction in elementary schools, to the reduction of social inequalit

224 Population-based recruitment was from public elementary schools.

225 oys such as silicon germanium as compared to elementary semiconductors (for example silicon).

226 Here we show that elementary-shape memory cells fabricated from a single-l

227 redict saturated heptacyclic structures with elementary shapes including helices, S-turns and U-turns

228 -6 orders of magnitude greater than those of elementary site-exchange processes, indicating that the

229 Incorporating this elementary skill in learning boosts the capability of ne

230 itoring to access the real-time kinetics and elementary solubilization steps of sub-micron sized vesi

231 enerated by the constructive interference of elementary spectral components (linear dispersive focusi

232 circumvents such reactive species via a new elementary step for C-H cleavage involving multisite-pro

233 llent CO tolerance in H2 activation, the key elementary step for hydrogenation and hydrogen electro-o

234 on of Pd(II) intermediates to Pd(0) is a key elementary step in a vast number of Pd-catalyzed process

235 ydride bond to form a metal formate is a key elementary step in many catalytic cycles for CO(2) conve

236 A key elementary step of contraction is sequential extension-r

237 of trapping radicals formed after the first elementary step of reaction, without alteration of the p

238 revealed the fate of the Lewis acid in each elementary step of the copper-catalyzed conjugate additi

239 nsferred to the ketone substrate in a single elementary step.

240 A new table of elementary-step barrier heights is provided.

241 an organometallic surface intermediate, its elementary-step reactivity, and the impact of various sy

242 M), two key industrial reactions with common elementary steps and intermediates, but held at signific

243 been studied extensively to investigate the elementary steps by which carbon monoxide is deoxygenate

244 Analysis of the elementary steps enabled structural characterization of

245 a comprehensive kinetic model including the elementary steps for acrylamide formation was proposed.

246 Computed activation energies for elementary steps for the redox and associative mechanism

247 lute seven electron-transfer reactions in 10 elementary steps in all classes of CPD photolyases.

248 The fundamental understanding of the elementary steps in amidyl radical-mediated polyolefin f

249 Elementary steps in enantioselective heterogeneous catal

250 lt hydride, demonstrating the feasibility of elementary steps in hydroformylation.

251 esolving the conformations and energetics of elementary steps in the activation process, and atomic-l

252 Accurate rate coefficients for all elementary steps in the various competing mechanisms are

253 l observations and provide insight about the elementary steps involved in reactions directly on the c

254 view highlights stoichiometric reactions and elementary steps of catalytic reactions involving cooper

255 and atomic structures in activating various elementary steps of electrocatalytic reactions can help

256 A comprehensive kinetic model indicating the elementary steps of Maillard reaction and caramelization

257 ult of intuitive mechanisms derived from the elementary steps of molecular chemistry.

258 Understanding the elementary steps of photocorrosion of these materials ca

259 e ketone synthesis is performed to trace the elementary steps of the catalytic cycle and provide the

260 s, based solely on the known kinetics of the elementary steps of the catalytic cycle for methanol cou

261 inetically competent to undergo the proposed elementary steps of the catalytic cycle.

262 ional water molecule acts to promote all the elementary steps of the dissociation process and subsequ

263 been shown to be a versatile tool to resolve elementary steps of the neuronal fusion process.

264 The elucidation of the elementary steps of this process will aid the design of

265 nsfer processes in nature either in distinct elementary steps or in a concerted fashion.

266 eriments) is provided to support each of the elementary steps proposed and the hypothesis that a key

267 ngle-particle microscopy characterization of elementary steps providing predictive power in reaction

268 m several fields of chemistry to explain the elementary steps that lead to the release of sulfate.

269 ism on nanoparticles is complex and involves elementary steps that proceed preferentially over differ

270 However, the relevance of specific reaction elementary steps to the overall reaction rate depends on

271 aradigm, explicitly designing for on-pathway elementary steps, and a negative design paradigm, explic

272 picric acid, which helped reveal some of the elementary steps.

273 ecies and the degrees of rate control of the elementary steps.

274 ted and reveals a reaction mechanism of four elementary steps: (i) formation of a zwitterionic interm

275 ion states Ni(I)-Ni(II)-Ni(I)-Ni(III) and of elementary steps: radical addition-SET-oxidative additio

276 reductive amination(3), which comprises two elementary steps: the condensation of a secondary alkyla

277 The elementary stimulus features encoded by the olfactory sy

278 We propose that an elementary strategy the human brain uses to sense with t

279 n biogenesis is the formation of a helix, an elementary structure that is ubiquitously present and re

280 ention, influenza vaccination coverage among elementary students was 53%-66% in the comparison distri

281 we show that liquid (supercooled) and solid elementary sulfur possess very different areal capacitie

282 ogether with ecosystem services, provide the elementary supports for the sustainable development of h

283 Elementary tellurium is currently of great interest as a

284 The physical transition from elementary to middle school can exacerbate the stress an

285 ing to specific DNA sequences or motifs, are elementary to the regulation of transcription.

286 ures is driven by the (re)combination of the elementary topological defects, merons and antimerons, i

287 lock metals, and that uranium can thus mimic elementary transition metal reactivity, which may lead t

288 We determine the timescales of all elementary tryptophan-to-tryptophan energy-transfer step

289 workers conceptualized the potential of four elementary typologies of brain-behaviour relationships n

290 Although the elementary unit of biology is the cell, high-throughput

291 atforms to encode a quantum bit (qubit), the elementary unit of future quantum computers.

292 To improve the characterization of elementary units of brain-behavioural relationships furt

293 in human and monkey visual cortex during an elementary visual decision: reporting the appearance or

294 stent" cortical state.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Elementary visual decisions are associated with a rapid

295 physical experiments focusing on probing the elementary visual inputs are likely to clarify how neura

296 averaged concentration over a representative elementary volume of the pore network), we directly esti

297 However, elementary WASH interventions did not lead to improvemen

298 Household-level elementary WASH interventions implemented in rural areas

299 nsight into fluctuations of water structure, elementary water motions, electric fields at hydrated bi

300 ue waves is the constructive interference of elementary waves enhanced by second-order bound nonlinea