1 homozygous mutant mice demonstrated delayed
endochondral and intramembranous bone formation, whereas
2 Widespread
endochondral and intramembranous ectopic bone formation
3 vel intrinsic differences in bone genesis by
endochondral and intramembranous mechanisms.
4 in Sox9-expressing cells exhibited a lack of
endochondral and intramembranous ossification and a lack
5 s suggest the differential roles of TRPM7 in
endochondral and intramembranous ossification.
6 pair, but inefficient fibrinolysis decreases
endochondral angiogenesis and ossification, thereby inhi
7 tron, is a layered structure formed by basal
endochondral axial skeletal elements (ribs, vertebrae) a
8 cluding extreme somatic overgrowth, advanced
endochondral bone and dental ages, a cerebellar tumor, a
9 provide evidence for neogenin in regulating
endochondral bone development and BMP (bone morphogeneti
10 ing findings that pVHL has a crucial role in
endochondral bone development and is necessary for norma
11 tilage extracellular matrix is essential for
endochondral bone development and joint function.
12 r and osteogenic transformation essential to
endochondral bone development and repair.
13 ate that B-Raf and A-Raf are dispensable for
endochondral bone development and they indicate that the
14 mation even though the molecular program for
endochondral bone development appeared intact.
15 feration and delay chondrocyte maturation in
endochondral bone development at least partly through cy
16 nsable for osteoblast differentiation during
endochondral bone development in the mouse embryo.
17 However, how these cells originate during
endochondral bone development is unknown.
18 ompensate for the lack of C-P4H-II in proper
endochondral bone development, but their combined partia
19 expression that was associated with impaired
endochondral bone development, defective osteoblast-medi
20 issue growth and perfusion, ossification and
endochondral bone development, leading to radiographic c
21 We have also shown that VHL is important for
endochondral bone development, since loss of VHL in chon
22 During
endochondral bone development, the first osteoblasts dif
23 To investigate the role of Wdr5 during
endochondral bone development, transgenic mice overexpre
24 tudy the requirement for GSK activity during
endochondral bone development, we inhibited GSK3 in cult
25 asculature is also known to be essential for
endochondral bone development, yet the underlying mechan
26 rocyte and osteoblast differentiation during
endochondral bone development.
27 uption of the molecular program required for
endochondral bone development.
28 Fracture healing recapitulates aspects of
endochondral bone development.
29 hh) critically regulates multiple aspects of
endochondral bone development.
30 rtially through regulating Gli2/PTHrP during
endochondral bone development.
31 NO, CNP and cGKII signaling in cartilage and
endochondral bone development.
32 ar and cellular resolution available for the
endochondral bone development.
33 Chondrocyte hypertrophy is essential for
endochondral bone development.
34 ent in both A-Raf and B-Raf exhibited normal
endochondral bone development.
35 form a grossly intact skeleton with impaired
endochondral bone development.
36 xpression is a major function of GSK3 during
endochondral bone development.
37 cytes and osteoblasts is required for normal
endochondral bone development.
38 laginous elements to investigate its role in
endochondral bone development.
39 or normal chondrocyte differentiation during
endochondral bone development.
40 pressed in chondrocytes, play major roles in
endochondral bone development.
41 considered as two separate processes during
endochondral bone formation after birth, recent studies
42 ignificantly longer than controls because of
endochondral bone formation alterations.
43 DREAM-deficient mice show defects in
endochondral bone formation and die shortly after birth.
44 Overexpression of Notch inhibits
endochondral bone formation and osteoblastic differentia
45 ement of neurofibromin and ERK1/2 for normal
endochondral bone formation and support the notion that
46 nd dental abnormalities implicating TRPS1 in
endochondral bone formation and tooth development.
47 get of PTHrP signaling, negatively regulates
endochondral bone formation by associating with and inac
48 cytes, regulates chondrocyte hypertrophy and
endochondral bone formation by interacting with and inhi
49 Sox9 has essential roles in
endochondral bone formation during axial and appendicula
50 Clavicle defects are caused by disrupted
endochondral bone formation during embryogenesis.
51 modulation of chondrocyte proliferation and
endochondral bone formation during embryogenesis.
52 l II) and displayed chondrodysplasia with no
endochondral bone formation even though the molecular pr
53 rylation; however, a role for Raf kinases in
endochondral bone formation has not been identified.
54 chondrogenesis, consistent with the ectopic
endochondral bone formation in these patients.
55 Endochondral bone formation including chondrocyte and os
56 Endochondral bone formation is characterized by the prog
57 Endochondral bone formation is exquisitely sensitive to
58 Using a murine model in which
endochondral bone formation is triggered in muscle by bo
59 The current concept regarding
endochondral bone formation postulates that most hypertr
60 seous junction, leading to partial rescue of
endochondral bone formation shown by proper bone length.
61 t that Dym-deficient mice display defects in
endochondral bone formation similar to that of Dyggve-Me
62 and the donor cells directly participated in
endochondral bone formation via their differentiation in
63 ilage in the hypertrophic zone, few signs of
endochondral bone formation, and large regions of disorg
64 tly inhibits chondrocyte differentiation and
endochondral bone formation, and this inhibition depends
65 During
endochondral bone formation, chondrocytes undergo differ
66 These results suggest that during
endochondral bone formation, Lbh may negatively regulate
67 der characterized by extensive extraskeletal
endochondral bone formation, share a recurrent mutation
68 ed CSPGs in signaling paradigms required for
endochondral bone formation, the brachymorphic (bm) mous
69 To investigate the in vivo role of P63 upon
endochondral bone formation, we have established transge
70 h plate cartilage is a critical event during
endochondral bone formation, which allows replacement of
71 way has emerged as an important regulator of
endochondral bone formation.
72 olved in bone remodeling and early stages of
endochondral bone formation.
73 pertrophy, extracellular matrix turnover and
endochondral bone formation.
74 etic protein (BMP) signaling is required for
endochondral bone formation.
75 triking defects in cartilage development and
endochondral bone formation.
76 in intramembranous bone formation as well as
endochondral bone formation.
77 EP convertase and neutralizes GEP-stimulated
endochondral bone formation.
78 itself been shown to be essential for normal
endochondral bone formation.
79 ntiation from mesenchymal progenitors during
endochondral bone formation.
80 rtrophy is an essential process required for
endochondral bone formation.
81 roliferation/differentiation during prenatal
endochondral bone formation.
82 played defects in chondrocyte maturation and
endochondral bone formation.
83 n part to disruption of Ihh signaling during
endochondral bone formation.
84 ) play important roles at multiple stages of
endochondral bone formation.
85 cyte death and osteoclast recruitment during
endochondral bone formation.
86 ary for complete osteoblastic maturation and
endochondral bone formation.
87 modeling is a critical rate-limiting step in
endochondral bone formation.
88 ta in chondrocytes does not affect embryonic
endochondral bone formation.
89 ypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation, and
endochondral bone formation.
90 is a multistep process that is essential for
endochondral bone formation.
91 s, directly transform into bone cells during
endochondral bone formation.
92 phic chondrocytes undergo apoptosis prior to
endochondral bone formation.
93 owth factor A (Vegfa) has important roles in
endochondral bone formation.
94 the age-matched control, with little sign of
endochondral bone formation.
95 a key driving mechanism responsible for poor
endochondral bone growth in achondroplasia disorders cau
96 iation to proceed and significantly improved
endochondral bone growth in TDII.
97 of growth plate chondrocytes is required for
endochondral bone growth, but the mechanisms and pathway
98 ed inhibition of chondrocyte hypertrophy and
endochondral bone growth.
99 metaphyseal side of the growth plate during
endochondral bone growth.
100 fusion of ossification centers and limit the
endochondral bone growth.
101 anomalies by promoting as well as inhibiting
endochondral bone growth.
102 most tissues, it is a negative regulator of
endochondral bone growth.
103 ccumulation in the growth plate and improved
endochondral bone growth.
104 of developmental disorders that feature poor
endochondral bone growth.
105 K) kinase to demonstrate a similar defect in
endochondral bone growth.
106 hanism of valvular heart disease involves an
endochondral bone process that is expressed as cartilage
107 mice showed delayed initiation and impaired
endochondral bone repair, accompanied by a severe angiog
108 ge bone defects by closely mimicking natural
endochondral bone repair.
109 2 and EP4 have differential functions during
endochondral bone repair.
110 ng both MMP13 and MMP9 had severely impaired
endochondral bone, characterized by diminished ECM remod
111 ralized area, and an inner, trabecular-like,
endochondral bone, generated mainly by the human cells a
112 was reduced and accompanied by decreases in
endochondral bone.
113 d synovial joint formation in the developing
endochondral bone.
114 trophic cartilage that is destined to become
endochondral bone.
115 (FGFR3) is expressed in the growth plate of
endochondral bones and serves as a negative regulator of
116 The expanded array of distal
endochondral bones and synovial joints in the fin of Tik
117 esenchymal condensations that give origin to
endochondral bones are hypoxic during fetal development,
118 lted in a complete absence of cartilages and
endochondral bones derived from the CNC.
119 premature fusion of growth plates of various
endochondral bones was evident, resulting in dwarfism in
120 In
endochondral bones, the growth plate cartilage promotes
121 us growths projecting from the metaphyses of
endochondral bones.
122 ge in a large area below the growth plate of
endochondral bones.
123 in joint and epiphyseal regions of Vegfa CKO
endochondral bones.
124 thereby for proper and timely development of
endochondral bones.
125 ion and/or early anabolic progression during
endochondral callus formation were investigated.
126 rophages promoted anabolic mechanisms during
endochondral callus formation.
127 ssion of a dominant-negative MEF2C mutant in
endochondral cartilage impairs hypertrophy, cartilage an
128 racellular matrix deposition in proximity to
endochondral condensations (Sox9+) on the CAM-implanted
129 ys is associated with an increased number of
endochondral distal radials.
130 FV 108) is represented by fin rays and three
endochondral elements: other elements are not preserved.
131 on program analogous to that observed during
endochondral embryonic skeletal development, with the po
132 Defective
endochondral growth in TDII is associated with reduced p
133 whereas proximal elongation results from an
endochondral growth plate.
134 ssential crossroad for joint development and
endochondral growth.
135 A similar coinvasion occurs during
endochondral healing of bone fractures.
136 ts within the CD9(+) population that lead to
endochondral or intramembranous-like bone formation.
137 neration), the BMP-induced response involves
endochondral ossification (redevelopment).
138 sing groups, particularly in MSX1/2, through
endochondral ossification 6 weeks post-injection.
139 A dramatic impairment of
endochondral ossification and an attenuation of longitud
140 terminal phalanx forms late in gestation by
endochondral ossification and continues to elongate unti
141 e for pRB and p107 in cartilage development,
endochondral ossification and enchondroma formation that
142 e for pRB and p107 in cartilage development,
endochondral ossification and enchondroma formation that
143 vo system to unlink the processes initiating
endochondral ossification and establish more precisely t
144 sed hypertrophic domains as well as delay in
endochondral ossification and formation and vascularizat
145 ificial tissue undergoes intramembranous and
endochondral ossification and forms a trabecular-like bo
146 ides in vivo evidence for the role of p38 in
endochondral ossification and suggests that Sox9 is a li
147 on treatment with Wnt antagonists results in
endochondral ossification and suture closure.
148 that syndecan 4 is functionally involved in
endochondral ossification and that its loss impairs frac
149 rview of the processes of chondrogenesis and
endochondral ossification and their control at the molec
150 els of active canonical Wnt signaling enable
endochondral ossification and therefore PF-suture closur
151 ical Wnt signaling in the PF suture inhibits
endochondral ossification and therefore, suture closure,
152 aggrecan C-type lectin domain in regulating
endochondral ossification and, thereby, height.
153 ority of skeletal elements that form through
endochondral ossification are absent, and the ones that
154 Chondrogenesis and
endochondral ossification are precisely controlled by ce
155 Chondrogenesis and
endochondral ossification are the cartilage differentiat
156 n and Has2 expression to control the rate of
endochondral ossification as a negative feedback mechani
157 (P < 0.05), and had enhanced early and late
endochondral ossification as demonstrated by Safranin O,
158 dentified a previously unrecognized delay in
endochondral ossification associated with the loss of Gp
159 ion in hypertrophic chondrocytes accelerates
endochondral ossification at both E17.5 and P1 stages.
160 that Phd2 expressed in chondrocytes inhibits
endochondral ossification at the epiphysis by suppressin
161 how that redifferentiation does not occur by
endochondral ossification but by the direct ossification
162 These alterations include accelerated
endochondral ossification but delayed intramembranous os
163 Shn3 impairs growth plate maturation during
endochondral ossification but simultaneously results in
164 minal differentiation of chondrocytes during
endochondral ossification by activating the TGFalpha/EGF
165 , which drive the early steps of heterotopic
endochondral ossification by lowering oxygen tension in
166 F signaling pathway plays essential roles in
endochondral ossification by regulating osteoblast proli
167 Histone deacetylases (Hdacs) regulate
endochondral ossification by suppressing gene transcript
168 re we hypothesized that hMSCs pushed through
endochondral ossification can engineer a scaled-up ossic
169 the oc/oc mouse, a mouse model with impaired
endochondral ossification caused by a loss of osteoclast
170 This is followed by the formation of a new
endochondral ossification center at the distal end of th
171 The
endochondral ossification center contains proliferating
172 mmalian limb structures by stimulating a new
endochondral ossification center that utilizes an existi
173 Using the polarity of the
endochondral ossification centers induced by BMP2 at two
174 Endochondral ossification depends on an avascular cartil
175 Moreover, physiological
endochondral ossification did not occur, rather an ectop
176 data show that humans with CCD have altered
endochondral ossification due to altered RUNX2 regulatio
177 es acts, at least in part, as a regulator of
endochondral ossification during osteogenesis.
178 ibit chondrodysplasia and a complete lack of
endochondral ossification even though Runx2 expression,
179 ion from mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and
endochondral ossification ex vivo, and GEP-knockdown mic
180 vertebral segmentation, joint formation and
endochondral ossification for this ubiquitously expresse
181 tal mandible or calvaria that do not undergo
endochondral ossification formed only bone without marro
182 The classic model of
endochondral ossification holds that chondrocytes mature
183 Indian hedgehog (Ihh) regulates
endochondral ossification in both a parathyroid hormone-
184 Endochondral ossification in embryos from embryonic day
185 ng of terminal cartilage differentiation and
endochondral ossification in mandibular condylar cartila
186 Endochondral ossification in the diaphysis of long bones
187 ever, whether Smad7 is actually required for
endochondral ossification in vivo is unclear.
188 Endochondral ossification is a highly regulated process
189 loss of Foxc1 function mouse (Foxc1(ch/ch)),
endochondral ossification is delayed and the expression
190 Ctgf mutant growth plates are expanded, and
endochondral ossification is impaired.
191 erefore, gene expression of ccn2 mRNA during
endochondral ossification is properly regulated, at leas
192 /-) mice during embryogenesis and found that
endochondral ossification is significantly impaired due
193 Disruption to
endochondral ossification leads to delayed and irregular
194 This suggests that two different forms of
endochondral ossification occur.
195 analyze the functional role of syndecan 4 in
endochondral ossification of mouse embryos and in adult
196 We investigated the role of Phd2 on
endochondral ossification of the epiphyses by conditiona
197 Although
endochondral ossification of the limb and axial skeleton
198 Endochondral ossification orchestrates formation of the
199 B-catalyzed proteoglycans regulate postnatal
endochondral ossification partially through the mediatio
200 vidence for the association of these two key
endochondral ossification pathway genes with BMD and ost
201 is study, we focused on two key genes in the
endochondral ossification pathway, IBSP and PTHLH.
202 these animals appears to follow the classic
endochondral ossification pathway.
203 Endochondral ossification plays an important role in the
204 Subarticular regions of
endochondral ossification showed morphologic and calcifi
205 ion at the repair site during the periosteal
endochondral ossification stage.
206 During the initiation of
endochondral ossification three events occur that are in
207 TAP63a may promote
endochondral ossification through interaction with genes
208 ide, negatively regulates chondrogenesis and
endochondral ossification via associating with progranul
209 Endochondral ossification was delayed in much of the Ihh
210 roses lacked typical growth plate zones, and
endochondral ossification was delayed.
211 Endochondral ossification was not disrupted any further
212 FR3) plays a critical role in the control of
endochondral ossification, and bone growth and mutations
213 tional partner of Ihh-Gli2 signalling during
endochondral ossification, and that disruption of the Fo
214 Collectively, our data implicate
endochondral ossification, bone formation that proceeds
215 e regeneration via either intramembranous or
endochondral ossification, both within and outside of th
216 bone marrow (BM) is tightly associated with
endochondral ossification, but little is known about the
217 During
endochondral ossification, chondrocytes embed themselves
218 eoblasts and periosteal cells during primary
endochondral ossification, consistent with a role in bon
219 hat Axin2(-/-) PF-sutures lack physiological
endochondral ossification, contain ectopic cartilage and
220 During
endochondral ossification, growth plate chondrocytes rel
221 , which contribute to suture closure through
endochondral ossification, in a process regulated in par
222 ssion of Sox9, a major negative regulator of
endochondral ossification, in Col2a1-TAP63alpha transgen
223 containing endothelial cell masses, abnormal
endochondral ossification, leading to stunted long bone
224 thening, and repair of most bones proceed by
endochondral ossification, namely through formation of a
225 ed structure that drives skeletal growth and
endochondral ossification, remain unclear.
226 spatiotemporal regulation in vitro resisted
endochondral ossification, retained the expression of ca
227 During
endochondral ossification, small, immature chondrocytes
228 During
endochondral ossification, Spry genes are expressed in p
229 uppressing expression of factors involved in
endochondral ossification, such as osterix and vascular
230 s to defects in cartilage development during
endochondral ossification, the process by which long bon
231 e observed in the calvarium, indicating that
endochondral ossification, the process needed for the fo
232 To investigate the role of this pathway in
endochondral ossification, we generated transgenic mice
233 in the growth plates and a general delay in
endochondral ossification, whereas chondrocyte prolifera
234 ouse posterior frontal (PF) suture closes by
endochondral ossification, whereas sagittal (SAG) remain
235 elements blocks chondrocyte hypertrophy and
endochondral ossification, whereas signaling starting at
236 ure (PF) of the cranial vault closes through
endochondral ossification, while other sutures remain pa
237 that were distinct from archetypical physeal
endochondral ossification.
238 f primary ossification centers and disrupted
endochondral ossification.
239 s, likely by reducing hedgehog signaling and
endochondral ossification.
240 t is replaced by bone through the process of
endochondral ossification.
241 were impaired in digit/limb development and
endochondral ossification.
242 mous function of Atf4 in chondrocytes during
endochondral ossification.
243 he proximal region of the mandible undergoes
endochondral ossification.
244 osure of growth plates reflecting defects in
endochondral ossification.
245 rmation of skeletal elements derived through
endochondral ossification.
246 actor-I (IGF-I) is an important regulator of
endochondral ossification.
247 for the genesis of normal cartilage and thus
endochondral ossification.
248 ic secretion of HMGB1 in cartilage regulates
endochondral ossification.
249 vertebral segmentation, joint formation and
endochondral ossification.
250 equently fails in growth, chondrogenesis and
endochondral ossification.
251 e destined for a chondrogenic lineage during
endochondral ossification.
252 and the cranial base are both formed through
endochondral ossification.
253 protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is involved in
endochondral ossification.
254 ned role for Nell1 in signal transduction in
endochondral ossification.
255 physes, also suggest an underlying defect in
endochondral ossification.
256 Type I Collagen and Osteocalcin), suggesting
endochondral ossification.
257 nization, cartilage boundary definition, and
endochondral ossification.
258 and proper closure of the PF suture through
endochondral ossification.
259 ferentiation during both intramembranous and
endochondral ossification.
260 y distinct mechanisms in intramembranous and
endochondral ossification.
261 ion and specification of intramembranous and
endochondral ossification.
262 dgehog and collagen X, and failed to undergo
endochondral ossification.
263 roduced by hypertrophic cartilage undergoing
endochondral ossification.
264 peared to be required for the progression of
endochondral ossification.
265 sterior cranium and other bones derived from
endochondral ossification.
266 now determined the role of EGFR signaling in
endochondral ossification.
267 ndrium and the vasculature are essential for
endochondral ossification.
268 equired for chondrogenic differentiation and
endochondral ossification.
269 th FGFR1 in hypertrophic chondrocytes during
endochondral ossification.
270 rast, the isotropic control groups underwent
endochondral ossification.
271 bar vertebrae revealed delayed or incomplete
endochondral ossification.
272 nal-induced chondrogenic differentiation and
endochondral ossification.
273 hat the protein phosphatase Phlpp1 regulates
endochondral ossification.
274 cal role in chondrogenic differentiation and
endochondral ossification.
275 nitors and proliferating chondrocytes during
endochondral ossification.
276 nvolving Foxp1/2/4 may regulate Runx2 during
endochondral ossification.
277 differentiation to osteoblasts and impaired
endochondral ossification.
278 ification, vascular invasion, and subsequent
endochondral ossification.
279 mbrane-anchored metalloproteinase ADAM17, in
endochondral ossification.
280 es heal predominantly through the process of
endochondral ossification.
281 erein, DeltaNP63alpha and TAP63alpha, during
endochondral ossification.
282 ypertrophic chondrocytes during growth plate
endochondral ossification.
283 s play essential roles in crucial aspects of
endochondral ossification: osteoblast differentiation, c
284 Extraskeletal bone forms through an
endochondral process with a cartilage intermediary promp
285 al stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) can execute an
endochondral program and ectopically generate mature bon
286 hedgehog (Ihh) controls multiple aspects of
endochondral skeletal development by signaling to both c
287 ling simultaneously in the same cells during
endochondral skeletal development using beta-catenin and
288 hedgehog (Ihh) controls multiple aspects of
endochondral skeletal development, including proliferati
289 ate all major aspects of Ihh function during
endochondral skeletal development.
290 Ihh signaling in the absence of PTHrP during
endochondral skeletal development.
291 The carapace contains axial
endochondral skeletal elements and exoskeletal dermal bo
292 rs that have previously been associated with
endochondral skeleton development to define the cellular
293 oteins, is essential for osteogenesis in the
endochondral skeleton during embryogenesis.
294 ential for osteoblast differentiation in the
endochondral skeleton during embryogenesis.
295 e and mouse collagen X amplicons only in the
endochondral skeleton of mice with the 4.7-kb promoter;
296 ntiation during embryonic development of the
endochondral skeleton.
297 tioning of interphalangeal joints within the
endochondral skeleton.
298 h), a locally produced growth signal for the
endochondral skeleton.
299 development of the osteoblast lineage in the
endochondral skeleton.
300 ables the spatial and temporal prediction of
endochondral tissue regeneration, assessed as areas of c