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1 , suggesting competitive inhibition with the endogenous ligand.
2 n proposed that the Smo CRD may bind its own endogenous ligand.
3 lar background and the "natural bias" of the endogenous ligand.
4 phosphatidylinositol (LPI) is its only known endogenous ligand.
5 PA microbeads and using [(125)I]IGF-1 as the endogenous ligand.
6 TSOX is present as a covalent adduct with an endogenous ligand.
7 tive 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (HPLA) as an endogenous ligand.
8 ety of natural exogenous (e.g., dietary) and endogenous ligands.
9 a the same receptor in response to different endogenous ligands.
10 ceptor, and progesterone receptor) and their endogenous ligands.
11 hat recognize a beta-turn structure in their endogenous ligands.
12 ding specificity between galectins and their endogenous ligands.
13 otein of human tears, binds a broad array of endogenous ligands.
14 one another's function in mast cells through endogenous ligands.
15 vironmental AHR ligands mimic the effects of endogenous ligands.
16 ceptor following binding of one but not both endogenous ligands.
17 altered in response to morphine compared to endogenous ligands.
18 PR-C with significantly higher affinity than endogenous ligands.
19 es that cannot be observed in the absence of endogenous ligands.
20 hat can be activated by exogenous as well as endogenous ligands.
21 is required for the response of PPARgamma to endogenous ligands.
22 with the binding of these receptors to their endogenous ligands.
23 lve toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 activation by endogenous ligands.
24 adaptive immunity mediated by the binding to endogenous ligands.
25 inflammatory cells by microbial invaders or endogenous ligands.
26 directly acted on the orthosteric sites for endogenous ligands.
27 r for which short-chain fatty acids serve as endogenous ligands.
28 ty to minute numbers of agonists in a sea of endogenous ligands.
29 ne PPARgamma activity without competing with endogenous ligands.
30 sion of receptors in cell-based assays for 9 endogenous ligands.
32 s were found to increase the efficacy of the endogenous ligand 3-hydroxybutyrate and enhance its pote
35 established; however, identification of key endogenous ligand/activator remains to be established.
36 (NO(2)-OA) acids, are among the most potent endogenous ligand activators of PPARgamma-dependent tran
38 displays higher intrinsic activity than the endogenous ligand adrenaline in cAMP accumulation, beta-
39 D) and protein crystallography (PC) if these endogenous ligands affect and stabilize insulin oligomer
41 we developed assays to explore the effect of endogenous ligands, agonists/antagonists, and antibodies
42 ation of the hepatic expression of CB1R, its endogenous ligand anandamide, and a number of tumor-prom
43 inoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), their endogenous ligands, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylg
44 co-occupation of a single receptor with the endogenous ligand and an allosteric modulator that can a
46 l relevance to opioid responsiveness to both endogenous ligands and exogenous drugs, and could influe
48 L-1) family receptors recognize microbial or endogenous ligands and inflammatory mediators, respectiv
49 of transcripts encoding proteins for sensing endogenous ligands and microbes that we refer to as the
50 ifferential regulation of these processes by endogenous ligands and synthetic drugs is a poorly under
51 se Vbeta repertoire but their recognition of endogenous ligands and synthetic iGb3 was restricted to
52 pendent of activation by either exogenous or endogenous ligands and that may play a crucial role duri
54 and followed by the characterization of its endogenous ligands and the identification of the enzyme
55 letely understood but can involve binding of endogenous ligands and/or partner proteins at specific l
56 s in the modulation of pharmacology of their endogenous ligands, and in the development of drugs with
57 by engagement with antibody or high-affinity endogenous ligands, and that an important ThPOK cis-acti
58 various effectors upon stimulation with the endogenous ligand angiotensin-II (AngII), including the
59 siologic and pathophysiologic actions of its endogenous ligand, angiotensin II, with overactivity lea
61 owever, it is unknown how and when PPARalpha endogenous ligands are synthesized by dopamine cells.
62 eptor, and patients deficient in CD46 or its endogenous ligands are unable to mount effective Th1 T c
63 in the human genome are 'orphans' for which endogenous ligands are unknown, and many have no selecti
64 ses levels of the neuropeptide dynorphin, an endogenous ligand at kappa opioid receptors (KOR) that s
66 res), a new PBS-25 complex, and CD1d with an endogenous ligand, at 1.6-1.9 A resolution, reveal that
67 rom the studies is that the phenol of Tyr in endogenous ligands bearing the H-Tyr-Pro-Trp/Phe-Phe-NH(
68 associated with differential affinity to the endogenous ligand beta-endorphin as well as alterations
69 ynthetic ligands have been designed to mimic endogenous ligand binding to a canonical ligand-binding
71 osine kinase receptor B (TrkB) and its major endogenous ligand brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDN
72 thetic ligands (RASSLs), are unresponsive to endogenous ligands but can be activated by nanomolar con
74 ort the suggestion that TIP39 is the PTH2R's endogenous ligand, but a comprehensive comparison of TIP
76 a mathematical model representing release of endogenous ligand by cells, three-dimensional diffusion
77 ferential binding was observed also to known endogenous ligands C1q, mannose-binding lectin, and secr
80 formations is evident from the fact that the endogenous ligands cannot be displaced by substrate or e
83 on of CD244 and receptor activation with its endogenous ligand CD48 inhibited starvation- and rapamyc
84 xogenous ligands have off-target effects and endogenous ligands constantly modulate the activity of n
85 ed insights into CXCR4 interactions with its endogenous ligand CXCL12, its ability to recognize diver
87 he specification of proximal fates where all endogenous, ligand-dependent Notch signaling is blocked
89 onist ligands, which we propose as RORgammat endogenous ligands, driving both innate and adaptive IL-
91 and anti-inflammatory responses and that an endogenous ligand engages IL-18Ralpha to deliver an inhi
96 tified Manduca Contactin (MsContactin) as an endogenous ligand for APPL, consistent with previous wor
97 ive despite its inability to compete against endogenous ligand for binding to AR in vitro, suggesting
98 amines (NAEs) anandamide, which serves as an endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptors, and N-oleoy
100 -dihydroxycholesterol (7alpha,25-OHC) as the endogenous ligand for EBI2, which provides a tool for me
103 -HT(3) receptors releases acetylcholine, the endogenous ligand for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
107 lindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), an enigmatic endogenous ligand for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR
109 (N/OFQ)) is the 17-amino acid neuropeptide, endogenous ligand for the G-protein-coupled receptor (NO
111 itional status and anorectic actions, as the endogenous ligand for the guanylyl cyclase 2C receptor h
112 e neuregulin-1 gene, encoding an established endogenous ligand for the HER3 receptor, is activated th
124 ction as agonist activators, a high affinity endogenous ligand for this receptor that is involved in
127 dence that resistin is a clinically relevant endogenous ligand for TLR4, which promotes tumor progres
129 HPETE, and we hypothesized that it may be an endogenous ligand for TRPV1 in sensory neurons innervati
133 ity in brain and liver, increasing levels of endogenous ligands for cannabinoid and alpha-type peroxi
138 dy, we show that BMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-6 are endogenous ligands for HJV in hepatoma-derived cell line
142 r species enriched in atheroma that serve as endogenous ligands for the scavenger receptor CD36 (oxPC
143 d with loss of guanylin and uroguanylin, the endogenous ligands for the tumor suppressor guanylyl cyc
146 ased microbial translocation, and release of endogenous ligands from damaged cells (such as CD4 T cel
148 ponse to distinct peptide ligands, including endogenous ligands glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomoduli
149 ic architecture for signaling induced by the endogenous ligand glutamate confirms that the central co
150 ompletely in the continued presence of their endogenous ligand glutamate; however, it is not clear wh
151 , we examined the activation profiles of the endogenous ligand, GnRH and a well-known marketed analog
154 is limited and whether LPA is its preferred endogenous ligand has been questioned in the literature,
157 y an orphan G protein-coupled receptor whose endogenous ligands have recently been identified as free
158 tionship between P- and L-selectin and their endogenous ligands have underscored the ability of incre
159 r in isc DCs, most likely in response to the endogenous ligand heat shock protein 70, which was found
161 is an orphan nuclear receptor with no known endogenous ligands; however, recent studies on a series
162 bovine CD1b proteins, CD1b3, in complex with endogenous ligands, identified by mass spectrometry as a
164 This study suggests an important role for an endogenous ligand in innate sensing of MVA and demonstra
166 ator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) by endogenous ligands in liver that remain unmetabolized in
167 livery utilize ligands that must out-compete endogenous ligands in order to bind to the active site f
168 ew the role of Toll-like receptors and their endogenous ligands in various renal diseases, particular
169 e initial characterization of these putative endogenous ligands, including electrophoretic mobility s
170 ses to both bacterial endotoxin and multiple endogenous ligands, including high-mobility group box 1
172 ovalently bound synthetic antagonists nor by endogenous ligands indicating non-overlapping binding wi
173 ation in macrophages achieved by LXRbeta and endogenous ligand is unable to maintain homeostasis in t
175 coupled receptors (GPCRs) with their cognate endogenous ligands is expected to have a major impact on
176 lines during their generation, signaling via endogenous ligands is likely to have occurred in TLR4-ex
177 al structure of CD1d complexed to a natural, endogenous ligand, isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGb3), il
178 ectively, whereas it binds weakly to another endogenous ligand, L-serine-O-phosphate (L-SOP), which a
179 and approximately 3180 bioactive molecules (endogenous ligands, licensed drugs and key pharmacologic
180 idate the reported allosteric effects of the endogenous ligands lipoxin A4 and pregnenolone at CB1Rs.
181 es the involvement of GPR55 and its proposed endogenous ligand, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), in no
182 sent the optimal solution for recognition of endogenous ligand, many Vbeta chains that are potentiall
185 determine how the activation of PPARalpha by endogenous ligands might affect the obesity of ob/ob mic
188 d heptapeptide analogues of SP, and the NK-2 endogenous ligand, neurokinin A, and is coupled to the p
189 ve for NTS2 versus NTS1 and behaves like the endogenous ligand neurotensin in the functional assay.
190 2 receptors (NPFF1-R and NPFF2-R), and their endogenous ligand NPFF, are one of only several systems
194 ike actions in almost every cell type, is an endogenous ligand of five G protein-coupled receptors (G
196 utritional status and shown to be a specific endogenous ligand of PPARalpha, induced CYP3A4 (up to 4-
198 the newly discovered ELABELA (ELA), a second endogenous ligand of the Apelin peptide jejunum receptor
199 ELA (ELA) was recently discovered as a novel endogenous ligand of the apelin receptor (APJ), a G prot
201 26RFa, a novel RFamide neuropeptide, is the endogenous ligand of the former orphan receptor GPR103.
202 , a carboxylic analogue of anandamide, is an endogenous ligand of the Galpha(i/o) protein-coupled rec
203 lin, a gut-derived orexigenic hormone, is an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue rec
205 acological data, we propose that TIP39 is an endogenous ligand of the PTH2R and that they form a neur
206 er the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS), an endogenous ligand of the transcription factor aryl hydro
209 wherein those have recently been shown to be endogenous ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR; a
210 ultiple tyrosine metabolites are alternative endogenous ligands of GPR35, and GPR35 may represent a d
214 ated to classical biogenic amines, represent endogenous ligands of the trace amine-associated recepto
215 d activation of leukocytes via exogenous and endogenous ligands of TLR4 results in a large number of
216 n between the two subunits and the effect of endogenous ligands on the functioning of aGPCRs is poorl
218 als either directly or through production of endogenous ligands or modulation of intestinal microbiot
220 sites are topographically distinct from the endogenous ligand (orthosteric) binding site, allowing f
221 sites are topographically distinct from the endogenous ligand (orthosteric) binding site, which allo
222 to prevent inappropriate exposure of TLRs to endogenous ligands, our results have important implicati
224 ts in constant darkness and does not require endogenous ligand (PDF) signaling or rhythmic receptor g
226 ltiple body sites, whereas the expression of endogenous ligands persist throughout hair follicle init
227 at activation of MLIV mutant isoforms by the endogenous ligand PI(3,5)P2 is strongly reduced, while a
228 ated by the loss of CLEC-2 activation by its endogenous ligand, podoplanin, which is expressed on the
231 eptor-tyrosine kinases that are activated by endogenous ligands, protein S (PROS1) and growth arrest-
232 we demonstrate formation and function of the endogenous ligand-receptor complex IL-37-IL-1R8-IL-18Ral
236 es tissue remodeling and repair responses to endogenous ligands released during low-grade inflammatio
237 d by exogenous ligands from pathogens and by endogenous ligands released in inflammatory diseases.
240 nd its binding may disrupt the binding of an endogenous ligand, required for their correct function.
241 support a novel injury model in CHB, whereby endogenous ligand, Ro60-associated ssRNA, forges a nexus
242 es the cardiac glycoside-binding site and an endogenous ligand(s) and that its cardiac glycoside-bind
243 the development of obesity, indicating that endogenous ligand(s) for AhR regulate adipose homeostasi
244 o-bind with and modulate the activity of the endogenous ligand(s) for the receptor have become a majo
245 We have confirmed the presence of a putative endogenous ligand(s) in CV-1 cells through transient tra
251 the interaction of CCR2 and Fpr2 with their endogenous ligands sequentially mediates the trafficking
252 novel DC-SIGN-T(H)2 pathway initiated by an endogenous ligand, sFc, provides an intrinsic mechanism
253 However, little is known of the source of endogenous ligands, signaling pathways, or effectors in
255 C cirrhotic livers and plasma levels of its endogenous ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (S
256 o rapidly up-regulate nicotinic responses to endogenous ligands such as ACh, or to exogenous agents s
258 ructures located in messenger RNAs that bind endogenous ligands, such as a specific metabolite or ion
259 lls not only of exogenous lipids but also of endogenous ligands, such as the self-glycosphingolipid b
260 wever, many of these receptors have multiple endogenous ligands, suggesting that "natural" bias may b
263 abolite with AhR agonistic properties, is an endogenous ligand that mediates AhR activation in the br
265 entified indoxyl 3-sulfate (I3S) as a potent endogenous ligand that selectively activates the human A
266 inephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi) are two endogenous ligands that activate adrenoceptor (AR) signa
269 ome pattern recognition receptors also sense endogenous ligands that are released from uninfected dyi
270 agonist-mediated release and/or synthesis of endogenous ligands that can activate downstream receptor
271 astrocyte Ca(2+) increases by application of endogenous ligands that directly activate neuronal recep
274 nscription factor modulated by exogenous and endogenous ligands that is important in the homeostasis
275 t also an important target for exogenous and endogenous ligands that modulate receptor function.
278 eveloped a rapid and marked imbalance in the endogenous ligands that signal Tie-2, similar to that se
279 n severely limited by the low potency of its endogenous ligands, the crossover of function of these o
280 kappa-opioid receptor (KOP-r) system and its endogenous ligands, the dynorphins, are involved in the
283 s hyaluronan (HA) fragment that functions as endogenous ligand to cell surface receptors CD44 and TLR
284 that human cardiac myosin (HCM) acted as an endogenous ligand to directly stimulate human TLRs 2 and
285 In vitro, we identified hepatocyte DNA as an endogenous ligand to TLR9 that promoted cDCs to secrete
286 onstrated that 3T3-L1 adipocytes can present endogenous ligands to NKT cells, leading to IFN-gamma pr
287 racellular glycoprotein that associates with endogenous ligands to promote tumor cell migration leadi
289 tivating receptors that, on binding to their endogenous ligands, trigger the killing of tumor cell ta
291 r (UT) and differentiates the effects of the endogenous ligands urotensin II (UII) and urotensin II-r
292 f a set of chemokine receptors with multiple endogenous ligands using assays for G protein signaling,
293 effects and assess possible contributions of endogenous ligands, we isolated primary tumor cells from
294 s in a conformational change that exposes an endogenous ligand which interacts with the body of the r
295 The net biologic effect of AHR activation by endogenous ligands, which can be mimicked by environment
296 hen it was presenting a series of permissive endogenous ligands, while other lipid ligands were nonpe
297 SL displayed a >100-fold loss of activity to endogenous ligands, while responding to the distinct lig
298 n-1 antagonists compete with substance P, an endogenous ligand with a high density of receptors in th
299 ified FMN is prepared by displacement of the endogenous ligand with sulfite, a less tightly bound com
300 ignaling can distinguish between agonist and endogenous ligands with exquisite selectivity, and show
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