ライフサイエンスコーパス: endosperm

1 ase in which the embryo grows to replace the endosperm.

2 tiates the development of the embryo and the endosperm.

3 ipts differentially expressed (DE) in mutant endosperm.

4 ead of both degradation processes across the endosperm.

5 ators of gene expression in developing maize endosperm.

6 results in seeds containing an embryo and an endosperm.

7 ion between embryo and the aleurone layer of endosperm.

8 two zygotic compartments, the embryo and the endosperm.

9 o well-developed tissues, the embryo and the endosperm.

10 based on the low abundant proteins of wheat endosperm.

11 not for production of sheath material in the endosperm.

12 specific H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 peaks in maize endosperm.

13 mestication to enhance sugar import into the endosperm.

14 e promoters of genes expressed in embryo and endosperm.

15 idization barrier that is established in the endosperm.

16 ell as to activate the enzymatic pool in the endosperm.

17 noids, both in Escherichia coli and in maize endosperm.

18 s in distinct compartments of the developing endosperm.

19 Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) in the endosperm.

20 of storage compounds from the embryo to the endosperm.

21 n-related genes during maturation within the endosperm.

22 ssion of starch synthetic genes in the maize endosperm.

23 expression patterns but are both low in the endosperm.

24 xpression causes a small embryo and enlarged endosperm.

25 e interfacing tissues of the both embryo and endosperm.

26 ion of the development of the embryo and the endosperm.

27 in a smaller seed with highly underdeveloped endosperm.

28 nting are equally rare events in Arabidopsis endosperm.

29 ions and structures of the cell types of the endosperm.

30 s to the transcriptomes of early embryos and endosperm.

31 some PEGs were expressed specifically in the endosperm.

32 are required for genomic imprinting in maize endosperm.

33 lowed by growth of the embryo to replace the endosperm.

34 l embryo surrounded by a substantial diploid endosperm.

35 rnal-to-paternal genome ratio (2m:1p) in the endosperm.

36 libraries from developing seed, embryo, and endosperm.

37 carried in the seed coat, crease tissue and endosperm.

38 e in developing aleurone and 6.7% in starchy endosperm.

39 nthin contents were lower in non-corn cereal endosperms.

40 unites with the central cell to produce the endosperm [1].

41 In particular, the endosperm 18:2 percentage was twofold higher than that o

42 ng RNA isolated from developing barley grain endosperm 3 d to 8 d after pollination (DAP).

43 ve rise, respectively, to the embryo and the endosperm, a nourishing tissue unique to flowering plant

44 ism regulates the material properties of the endosperm, a seed tissue layer acting as germination bar

45 We examined embryo and endosperm allele-specific expression and DNA methylation

46 ch are activated by MYB115 and MYB118 in the endosperm, allows us to propose a model for the transcri

47 Mobilisation of endosperm alpha-cruciferin was delayed in prt6 seedlings

48 in nearly all published Arabidopsis thaliana endosperm and early embryo transcriptomes generated in t

49 rding the parental contributions to both the endosperm and early embryo transcriptomes.

50 , are narrowly expressed in early developing endosperm and early embryo.

51 We investigate patterns of endosperm and embryo development in Mimulus guttatus and

52 nudatus differ in the pattern and timing of endosperm and embryo development.

53 d that, in the two grain storage organs (the endosperm and embryo), the light-induced shift in solute

54 llow to refix 79% of the CO2 released by the endosperm and embryo, allowing the grain to achieve an e

55 , DNA methylation and small RNAs in the rice endosperm and functional tests of five imprinted genes d

56 he aleurone is the outermost layer of cereal endosperm and functions to digest storage products accum

57 five major cell types of the differentiating endosperm and in the embryo and four maternal compartmen

58 Within the cereal grain, the endosperm and its nutrient reserves are critical for suc

59 al peptides that have been isolated from the endosperm and leaves of cereals, from the leaves of mist

60 l cycle pathways are highly enriched both in endosperm and mesocarp.

61 and subsequently highlight the fates of the endosperm and radicle: senescence and growth, respective

62 at the onset of the maturation phase in the endosperm and share a set of transcriptional targets.

63 he coordinated production of material in the endosperm and signaling within the embryo, highlighting

64 ctivated by GAMYB and BPBF in the developing endosperm and the Amy6.4 activation in postgerminative r

65 composed of the diploid embryo, the triploid endosperm and the diploid maternal tissues.

66 In contrast, the endosperm and the embryo had similar sterol and triterpe

67 thaliana HvVP1 transcripts accumulate in the endosperm and the embryo of developing seeds at early st

68 s the first to characterize the dried Jarina endosperm and to investigate its functionality as a viab

69 that it was strongly expressed in the maize endosperm and was co-expressed with most of the starch s

70 ng its 11% and 8% increase, respectively for endosperm and wholemeal breads.

71 s non-propagating seeds with dual fertilized endosperms and no embryos.

72 in the key seed compartments CAP (micropylar endosperm) and RAD (radicle plus lower hypocotyl).

73 led that different seed compartments (testa, endosperm, and embryo) control germination, but little i

74 ee genetically different components: embryo, endosperm, and maternal tissues.

75 mplex structures that consist of the embryo, endosperm, and seed-coat regions that are of different o

76 is transcriptionally induced in the maturing endosperm, and seeds of myb118 mutants exhibit an endosp

77 the development and chemical composition of endosperm, and the genetic basis for cold tolerance.

78 AXAH activity in the endosperm appears soon after the onset of germination an

79 t-and-paste) transposable elements, those in endosperm are more uniformly derived, including sequence

80 ice proteins than black rice proteins to the endosperm as a result of parboiling.

81 e profiled all mRNAs in the maize kernel and endosperm at eight successive stages during the first 12

82 accomplish the assimilate supply toward the endosperm at the storage phase.

83 key role in this process, by regulating both endosperm breakdown and the formation of the embryonic c

84 te, the mechanism underlying the Arabidopsis endosperm breakdown process has not been elucidated.

85 Endosperm breakdown requires the endosperm-specific basi

86 ng cold responses, stomatal development, and endosperm breakdown, ICE1 is a negative regulator of ABA

87 le formation, it plays no role in regulating endosperm breakdown.

88 nt of the embryo was higher than that of the endosperm, but the dry weight of the endosperm was highe

89 from maternal tissues via the seed coat and endosperm, but the mechanisms that supply nutrients to p

90 al role in amylopectin biosynthesis in maize endosperm by defining the structural and functional prop

91 A signal initiated in the endosperm by the AGAMOUS-LIKE62 MADS box transcription f

92 rmitting the compression of the cellularised endosperm by the developing embryo.

93 high concentration in and around the nascent endosperm cavity.

94 Maize rgh3 mutants have aberrant endosperm cell differentiation and proliferation.

95 However, the genetic networks that regulate endosperm cell differentiation remain largely unclear.

96 e gene expression patterns involved in maize endosperm cell differentiation, we isolated transcripts

97 ernel compartments including modules for the endosperm cell types, some of which showed enrichment of

98 ciated with the differentiation of the major endosperm cell types.

99 otypes were associated with modifications to endosperm cell wall composition that likely impact on it

100 We investigated whether endosperm cell wall degradation is an important determin

101 gest storage products accumulated in starchy endosperm cells as well as to confer important dietary h

102 which are highly expressed in wheat starchy endosperm cells, were suppressed by RNA interference (RN

103 gametes and thereafter in embryo-surrounding endosperm cells.

104 Endosperm cellularization failure in both hybridization

105 Initiation of endosperm cellularization is a critical developmental tr

106 moderate heat stress resulted in precocious endosperm cellularization, whereas severe heat-stressed

107 arenosa pollen donors resulted in failure of endosperm cellularization, whereas the endosperm of reci

108 ssociated with the reestablishment of normal endosperm cellularization.

109 te PPDK knockout, including loss of vitreous endosperm character similar to the phenotype conditioned

110 nt phytonutrients responsible for the yellow endosperm color in cereal grains.

111 ider reserve partitioning between embryo and endosperm compartments.

112 The maize endosperm consists of three major compartmentalized cell

113 tarch level to compensate for differences in endosperm contamination in the by-products, bread specif

114 In the endosperm, cornmeal and grits fumonisin levels decreased

115 ic corn and their fractions (germ, pericarp, endosperm, cornmeal and grits), collected from one of th

116 EDE1 (Endosperm DEfective 1) is homologous to AUG8 [3].

117 -specific transcription factor necessary for endosperm degradation, embryo growth, embryo-endosperm s

118 tside the embryonic cuticle and incorporates endosperm-derived material rich in extensin-like molecul

119 ome hybrid seeds exhibit early disruption of endosperm development and are completely inviable, while

120 hances the number of nuclei during syncytial endosperm development and induces the partial abortion o

121 so provide a useful resource in the field of endosperm development and seed size engineering.

122 gulation of different processes during maize endosperm development and suggest the presence of tissue

123 We revealed a major role for SHB1 in canola endosperm development based on the dynamics of SHB1-alte

124 Cereal endosperm development comprises different phases charact

125 e caused by altered epigenetic regulation of endosperm development during the transition from the syn

126 Embryo and endosperm development in aposporous embryo sacs is ferti

127 elated (RBR) pathway controls key aspects of endosperm development in maize.

128 Another endosperm development pathway depends on MINISEED3 (a WR

129 i that is required for embryogenesis but not endosperm development, allowing dissection of two develo

130 ification of molecular determinants of early endosperm development, particularly regulators of cell d

131 EGs in rice regulate nutrient metabolism and endosperm development, which optimize seed development a

132 d development with a broad expression beyond endosperm development.

133 transcription factors expressed during early endosperm development.

134 eath program and its feedback role in timing endosperm development.

135 ption factors important for maize (Zea mays) endosperm development.

136 iation of the central cell led to defects in endosperm development.

137 representation of eight regulatory genes for endosperm development.

138 n, and causes an arrest in embryogenesis and endosperm development.

139 precocious or delayed cellularization during endosperm development.

140 nthetic genes were co-expressed during maize endosperm development; however, the mechanism of the co-

141 e developmental programmed cell death of the endosperm directly.

142 le in controlling water uptake by the barley endosperm during steeping.

143 ith inclusion of maternal effects, embryo or endosperm effects of QTL, environmental effects and QTL-

144 RNAi expression in transgenic endosperm eliminated detectable PPDK protein and enzyme

145 ic intermediates were elevated in transgenic endosperm, energy charge was altered, and starch granule

146 f rbr, post-fertilization end CYCD7;1 in the endosperm enhances the number of nuclei during syncytial

147 ycerol fraction of castor (Ricinus communis) endosperm, even though it is synthesized on the membrane

148 Following fertilization, the endosperm expands and the embryo grows invasively throug

149 evaluation of imprinting at more than 95% of endosperm-expressed genes.

150 Rice interploidy crosses result in endosperm failures, but the underlying molecular mechani

151 Endosperm Fe and Zn enrichment was visualized by X-ray f

152 While the endosperm flours had lower endoxylanase activities and h

153 ts require pollination to develop functional endosperm for successful seed set (pseudogamy) and there

154 Here we show that in Arabidopsis, endosperm formation requires the CYTOKININ INDEPENDENT 1

155 and 50-kD gamma-zeins and abolished vitreous endosperm formation.

156 mes for two oil yielding organs mesocarp and endosperm from Dura, Pisifera and Tenera.

157 f arabinoxylan and starch spreads across the endosperm from the aleurone towards the crease.

158 (blue aleurone, purple pericarp, and yellow endosperm) from the harvests 2014 and 2015 were evaluate

159 g8, with a decreased sucrose flux toward the endosperm, fructan accumulation was impaired.

160 -function mutant with large embryo and small endosperm, GE overexpression causes a small embryo and e

161 liminary atlas of spatiotemporal patterns of endosperm gene expression in support of future efforts f

162 Hence, the control of endosperm growth by CKX2 integrates genetic and epigenet

163 Maternal loss-of-function alleles for endosperm growth factor transparent testa glabra2 and HA

164 cription factor WRKY10 directly and promotes endosperm growth.

165 Rice with high iron content in seed endosperm has been developed by insertion of soybean fer

166 Early development of the endosperm in Austrobaileya is ab initio cellular with pr

167 titioning of reserves between the embryo and endosperm in exalbuminous Arabidopsis seeds does not onl

168 Here, we report that the defective endosperm in rice interploidy crosses was associated wit

169 gene, was expressed specifically in the rice endosperm, in contrast to WOX2 expression in the Arabido

170 the antagonistic development of nucellus and endosperm, in coordination with seed coat differentiatio

171 Moreover, MYB118 activates endosperm-induced genes through the recognition of TAACG

172 Thus, embryo and endosperm interact in determining embryo/endosperm size

173 Endosperm is a filial structure resulting from a second

174 Endosperm is an absorptive structure that supports embry

175 f starch biosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm is crucial in tailoring digestibility without

176 We propose that starch degradation in the endosperm is dependent on cell wall degradation, which p

177 s, maintaining the 2m:1p genome ratio in the endosperm is essential for normal grain development in r

178 Water uptake by the endosperm is just a component of the system that is resp

179 The structural integrity of wheat endosperm is largely retained during gastroileal digesti

180 opsis thaliana, an exalbuminous species, the endosperm is reduced to one cell layer during seed matur

181 ty in the central cell and in the developing endosperm is required for optimal seed formation.

182 entially significant roles during embryo and endosperm maturation.

183 The data indicate that PPDK modulates endosperm metabolism, potentially through reversible adj

184 ufficiency of these gene products in opaque2 endosperm modification.

185 filed on 17th December 2015) on wheat kernel endosperm morphology and gluten protein structure, using

186 In the shrunken endosperm mutant seg8, with a decreased sucrose flux tow

187 ays [Zm]) has a single aleurone layer, naked endosperm (nkd) mutants produce multiple outer cell laye

188 rom double fertilization in angiosperms, the endosperm nourishes its compatriot embryo during seed de

189 velopment with defects in embryo patterning, endosperm nuclear size, and cellularization, a phenotype

190 ze opaque2 (o2) mutations are beneficial for endosperm nutritional quality but cause negative pleiotr

191 Thus, the endosperm of a heterofertilized seed appears to behave l

192 ess closely related embryo compared with the endosperm of a homofertilized seed.

193 uits, mainly during the early development of endosperm of both C. arabica and C. canephora.

194 The endosperm of cereals is a main source of food, feed, and

195 mulation of storage compounds in the starchy endosperm of developing cereal seeds is highly regulated

196 ntial expression (~1000 fold) in the starchy endosperm of genotypes varying in bread making quality.

197 re of endosperm cellularization, whereas the endosperm of reciprocal hybrids cellularized precociousl

198 etophyte and in the zygote and proliferating endosperm of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed

199 The dried endosperm of the seed of Phytelephas sp is widely used f

200 ucing ABNORMAL LEAF-SHAPE1 expression in the endosperm of zhoupi mutants partially rescues embryonic

201 Endosperm oil is enriched in omega-7 monounsaturated FAs

202 Interestingly, the endosperm oil of myb115 myb118 double mutants lacks omeg

203 ion of respiration is initiated first in the endosperm, only later spreading to the embryo.

204 angiosperm seed accumulated nutrients in the endosperm or the nucellus.

205 ther small and flat (indicating little to no endosperm) or shriveled (indicating reduced endosperm vo

206 The development of embryo, endosperm, or nucellus maternal tissue as primary storag

207 s embedded in the deposit, and wheat and rye endosperm peptides extracted from residue.

208 formation without rescuing their persistent endosperm phenotype.

209 The endosperm plays a major role in the regulation of seed s

210 As an absorptive storage organ, endosperm plays an essential role in support of embryo d

211 pdk2 accounts for the large majority of endosperm PPDK, whereas pdk1 specifies the abundant meso

212 lude that CKI1-directed specification of the endosperm precursor central cell results in seeds contai

213 WUSCHEL homeobox2 (WOX2)-like (WOX2L), an endosperm-preferred gene, was expressed specifically in

214 Notably, many endosperm-preferred genes, including starch metabolic an

215 ns of the various fructan types in the young endosperm prior to starch accumulation and in the endosp

216 ructans were synthesized in the cellularized endosperm prior to the commencement of starch biosynthes

217 s positive and negative genes that influence endosperm proliferation and are homologous to Arabidopsi

218 ing the regulatory gene networks controlling endosperm proliferation and differentiation.

219 ormally at first, but later exhibit impaired endosperm proliferation and low germination success.

220 xpressed and influenced by SHB1 during early endosperm proliferation at 8 days after pollination (DAP

221 creasing the final seed mass by manipulating endosperm proliferation at a rather early developmental

222 Seed development in dicots includes early endosperm proliferation followed by growth of the embryo

223 Endosperm proliferation in dicots not only provides nutr

224 ated the safety and effects of purified rice endosperm protein (REP), which contains less phosphorus

225 resent study, grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed endosperm proteins were characterized after sequential f

226 Starch degradation in barley endosperm provides carbon for early seedling growth, but

227 drate and protein storage products in cereal endosperm provides humanity with a major portion of its

228 econd female gamete and its sexually derived endosperm regulate early embryonic patterning in floweri

229 lation of starch mobilization in cereal seed endosperm remain unknown despite the paramount role of t

230 The lyso forms in rice endosperm represent the major starch lipid, and may form

231 rovide new insights into the mobilization of endosperm reserves to support early seedling growth.

232 ells, leading to the formation of embryo and endosperm, respectively.

233 forming the major seed components embryo and endosperm, respectively.

234 e leads to the development of the embryo and endosperm, respectively.

235 RNA-seq analysis of the nkd1 nkd2 mutant endosperm revealed that NKD1 and NKD2 influence 6.4% of

236 sh postzygotic hybridization barriers in the endosperm, revealing that PEGs have a major role as spec

237 ude unusual localization of ceramides on the endosperm/scutellum boundary and subcellular localizatio

238 r cell (TC), aleurone cell (AL), and starchy endosperm (SE)).

239 or compartmentalized cell types: the starchy endosperm (SE), the basal endosperm transfer cell layer

240 plants, imprinted gene expression occurs in endosperm seed tissue and is sometimes associated with d

241 presence of tissue/organ-level regulation of endosperm/seed homeostasis.

242 endosperm degradation, embryo growth, embryo-endosperm separation, and normal embryo cuticle formatio

243 ion of a normal embryo sheath and for embryo-endosperm separation.

244 and endosperm interact in determining embryo/endosperm size balance.

245 here is a high degree of variation in embryo/endosperm size in mature seeds.

246 ybean ferritin gene under the control of the endosperm specific glutelin promoter into the genome of

247 Endosperm breakdown requires the endosperm-specific basic helix-loop-helix transcription

248 perm, and seeds of myb118 mutants exhibit an endosperm-specific derepression of maturation-related ge

249 A-mediated gene silencing was carried out in endosperm-specific manner for efficient down-regulation

250 ith paternally expressed genes (PEGs), while endosperm-specific maternally expressed genes (endo-MEGs

251 of the imprinted genes suggested that 10-DAP endosperm-specific MEGs are involved in nutrient uptake

252 verexpressing TaVIT2 under the control of an endosperm-specific promoter, we achieved a greater than

253 erence (RNAi) constructs driven by a starchy endosperm-specific promoter.

254 Reducing MCM levels using endosperm-specific RNAi constructs resulted in the up-re

255 d both genes were simultaneously targeted by endosperm-specific RNAi.

256 is dependent upon the activity of ZHOUPI, an endosperm-specific transcription factor necessary for en

257 The endosperm-specific transcription factor ZHOUPI has previ

258 ion of normal germination characteristics by endosperm-specific XYL1 expression.

259 we isolated transcripts from cryo-dissected endosperm specimens enriched with BETL, AL, or SE at 8,

260 However, unlike in A. thaliana, rice endosperm sRNA populations are dominated by specific str

261 erage as nontransgenic siblings, with normal endosperm starch and total N contents, indicating that P

262 ran starch properties compared with those of endosperm starch from the same wheat sample.

263 Bran starch had more short chains than had endosperm starch, and was found to have a higher percent

264 setback viscosities than had the counterpart endosperm starch.

265 Effector proteins that mimic plant CLAVATA3/ENDOSPERM SURROUNDING REGION-related (CLE) proteins have

266 by enhancing vacuolar iron transport in the endosperm, this essential micronutrient accumulated in t

267 e regulatory pathway underlying nucellus and endosperm tissue partitioning in Arabidopsis thaliana We

268 ated by either the embryo or the surrounding endosperm tissues.

269 thus altering the physical properties of the endosperm to condition a mechanical environment permitti

270 es a similar path: an early proliferation of endosperm to form a large seed cavity, followed by a sec

271 e lower the coefficient of relatedness of an endosperm to its compatriot embryo, the smaller the embr

272 nd storage proteins and the reduction of the endosperm to one cell layer.

273 hat AGL62 regulates auxin transport from the endosperm to the integuments, leading to the removal of

274 have an impaired transport of auxin from the endosperm to the integuments, which results in seed abor

275 y its high relative expression in the castor endosperm transcriptome.

276 , is embryonic lethal, has a defective basal endosperm transfer (BETL) layer, and results in a smalle

277 types: the starchy endosperm (SE), the basal endosperm transfer cell layer (BETL), and the aleurone c

278 perm prior to starch accumulation and in the endosperm transfer cells that accomplish the assimilate

279 sion module highly correlated with the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) identified a regulatory

280 epithelial hexose transport across the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL), the entry point of nutr

281 posed mostly of genes expressed in the basal endosperm transfer layer, is responsible for nutrient tr

282 ssed the canola IKU2 ortholog in Arabidopsis endosperm under the control of a stronger MINI3 promoter

283 rticle size index (PSI), percentage vitreous endosperm (%VE), protein content, percentage chop (%chop

284 endosperm) or shriveled (indicating reduced endosperm volume).

285 The tocopherol content of the endosperm was also markedly higher than that of the embr

286 of the endosperm, but the dry weight of the endosperm was higher.

287 rse particles ( approximately 2 mm) of wheat endosperm was retained during gastroileal transit.

288 In the rice endosperm, we identified 162 maternally expressed genes

289 1 lead to a temperature-dependent control of endosperm weakening and determine the optimal temperatur

290 on leading to radicle protrusion, as well as endosperm weakening prior to its rupture.

291 ssions of many starch synthesis genes in the endosperm were upregulated when ZmaNAC36 was transiently

292 udy addressed PPDK function in maize starchy endosperm where it is highly abundant during grain fill.

293 but is obliterated by expansion of a massive endosperm, where all embryo-nourishing reserves are ulti

294 enugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed endosperm, which accumulates large quantities of galacto

295 and the embryo grows invasively through the endosperm, which breaks down.

296 The embryo is surrounded by the endosperm, which is in turn enclosed within the maternal

297 ermined by early expansion of the coenocytic endosperm, which then cellularises and subsequently unde

298 -soluble prolamine proteins present in maize endosperm, which was approved as a generally recognized

299 ed in all non-additive expression pattern in endosperm, while cytokinine biosynthesis and cell cycle

300 ects of 2 porridge meals prepared from wheat endosperm with different degrees of starch bioaccessibil