ライフサイエンスコーパス: enzootic

1 are considered either epidemic/epizootic or enzootic.

2 in southern New England where babesiosis is enzootic.

3 m a site in New England where the disease is enzootic.

4 the Dominican Republic, where the disease is enzootic.

5 Ovine enzootic abortion (OEA) resulting from infection of shee

6 type of Chlamydia psittaci that causes ovine enzootic abortion (strain S26/3).

7 Chlamydia abortus is the causative agent of enzootic abortion of ewes and poses a significant zoonot

8 of West Nile virus in New York City in 1999, enzootic activity has been documented in 27 states and t

9 swine influenza viruses--emerged and became enzootic among pig herds in North America during the lat

10 In Africa, ND is enzootic and causes large economic losses, but little is

11 rotein, the site of epitopes that define the enzootic and epizootic subtypes, also encodes mosquito i

12 additional E2 sequences from representative enzootic and epizootic VEEV isolates implicated similar

13 erefore, we evaluated the binding of natural enzootic and epizootic VEEV isolates to Chinese hamster

14 itivities of the TC-83 vaccine strain and 24 enzootic and epizootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis (V

15 ure in Siskiyou County, Calif., where PHF is enzootic and were maintained for several weeks in freshw

16 e presence of an underrecognized, but highly enzootic, Babesia sp. in baboons may result in substanti

17 rovirus of cattle and the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis.

18 0 and N8 viruses from domestic ducks and the enzootic chicken H9N2 viruses.

19 Here, we determine whether WNV enzootic (Culex tarsalis, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx.

20 equi and that dogs likely contribute to the enzootic cycle and human infection.

21 g system that regulates the tick side of the enzootic cycle and whose function is only beginning to b

22 rgdorferi regulatory pathways throughout the enzootic cycle as well as defining the contribution(s) o

23 reservoirs is crucial for continuance of the enzootic cycle as well as for the increasing exposure of

24 eri, has evolved to be maintained within its enzootic cycle between arthropods and mammals.

25 c agent of Lyme disease, is maintained in an enzootic cycle between Ixodes spinipalpis ticks and Neot

26 dengue viruses (DENV) are transmitted in an enzootic cycle between nonhuman primates and arboreal Ae

27 ltiple cellular processes during its complex enzootic cycle between ticks and mammals.

28 ls to alter adaptive capabilities during its enzootic cycle in an arthropod vector and mammalian host

29 Transmission is maintained in an enzootic cycle in which infected mosquitoes transmit the

30 e disease, is maintained in nature within an enzootic cycle involving a mammalian reservoir and an Ix

31 isease, is maintained in nature by a complex enzootic cycle involving Ixodes ticks and mammalian host

32 for B. burgdorferi heterogeneity during the enzootic cycle is discussed.

33 teins have been shown to be critical for the enzootic cycle of B. burgdorferi.

34 ve been shown to play important roles in the enzootic cycle of B. burgdorferi.

35 Previous work described an enzootic cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (herea

36 The importance of gene regulation in the enzootic cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete t

37 ated loci have been characterized during the enzootic cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi, very little is k

38 lfil physiological functions required in the enzootic cycle of pathogenic Borrelia.

39 al role of the tick Amblyomma cooperi in the enzootic cycle of Rickettsia rickettsii, the etiologic a

40 ling of c-di-GMP-regulated genes through the enzootic cycle supports our contention that the Hk1/Rrp1

41 Lyme disease, is maintained in nature via an enzootic cycle that comprises a tick vector and a verteb

42 Borrelia burgdorferi exists in nature in an enzootic cycle that involves the arthropod vector Ixodes

43 ns were assessed for progression through the enzootic cycle using an Ixodes tick/C3H-HeJ mouse model

44 nsmission and emergence of B. microti in the enzootic cycle, and causes greater disease severity and

45 Borrelia burgdorferi survives in an enzootic cycle, and Dps proteins protect DNA against dam

46 iated with the I. dentatus-cottontail rabbit enzootic cycle, but I. scapularis was also found to harb

47 and diverse array of human pathogens in the enzootic cycle, including Borrelia burgdorferi and Babes

48 periods of rapid replication throughout the enzootic cycle, to support thiol-disulphide homeostasis,

49 e agent of Lyme disease, exists in a complex enzootic cycle, transiting between its vector, Ixodes ti

50 To investigate the role of Hk1 during the enzootic cycle, we inactivated this gene in two virulent

51 ent as opposed to amplification of a cryptic enzootic cycle.

52 terns of expression throughout the borrelial enzootic cycle.

53 alian hosts in order to complete its natural enzootic cycle.

54 survival and gene regulation throughout the enzootic cycle.

55 and likely would not be purified during the enzootic cycle.

56 ed infection to be maintained in the natural enzootic cycle.

57 lian infection and to accomplish its natural enzootic cycle.

58 nes required for the different phases of the enzootic cycle.

59 rsistence and transmission through a complex enzootic cycle.

60 or maintaining the spirochete in its natural enzootic cycle.

61 disrupted by targeting 2 key elements in its enzootic cycle: the reservoir host and the tick vector.

62 n pathogen that is maintained in flea-rodent enzootic cycles in many parts of the world.

63 hete, Borrelia burgdorferi, is maintained in enzootic cycles involving Ixodes ticks and small mammals

64 HGE agent (genus GMT = 194), suggesting that enzootic cycles of Ehrlichia spp. exist outside of the a

65 in Madagascar result not from emergence from enzootic cycles within the country but from recurrent vi

66 nges in human factors as much as by enhanced enzootic cycles, whereas pathogen invasion results from

67 inly infect people via direct spillover from enzootic cycles.

68 In this report, enzootic EPEC infection associated with up to 10.5% diar

69 Enzootic, equine avirulent, serotype ID VEEV strains app

70 This mutation allowed an enzootic, equine-avirulent VEEV strain, which circulates

71 The recent discovery of enzootic European bat lyssavirus infection in the UK is

72 s from Washington County, Minnesota, an area enzootic for HGE.

73 Combined with the sometimes enzootic H5N1 and H9N2 strains, this cauldron of genetic

74 transmitted to chickens and reassorted with enzootic H9N2 viruses, leading to an outbreak and human

75 d future efforts are needed to determine the enzootic hosts and distribution of this spirochete in th

76 epizootic envelope genes introduced into an enzootic ID backbone were sufficient to generate the vir

77 ses generated from epizootic subtype IAB and enzootic IE VEEV were tested for mosquito infectivity.

78 ose that are endemic in human populations or enzootic in animal populations with frequent cross-speci

79 s also suggest that H7N9 viruses have become enzootic in China and may spread beyond the region, foll

80 c avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1 has been enzootic in Egypt since 2008.

81 5N1) and A(H9N2) avian influenza viruses are enzootic in Egyptian poultry, and most A(H5N1) human cas

82 Simian type D retrovirus (SRV) is enzootic in many populations of Asian monkeys of the gen

83 H9N2 avian influenza viruses are enzootic in poultry across Asia and North Africa, where

84 ll as the avian A/H5N1 virus that has become enzootic in poultry in Southeast Asia and that has recen

85 uenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5N1 subtype are enzootic in poultry populations in different parts of th

86 sis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum) is intensely enzootic in rabbits there, but the identity of the other

87 tick-borne, malaria-like illness known to be enzootic in southern New England.

88 Influenza A viruses are globally enzootic in swine populations.

89 ) and equine-origin CIV H3N8 (CIV-H3N8), are enzootic in the canine population.

90 In an area where these viruses are enzootic in the poultry, human exposure to and infection

91 suggests that this infection may also become enzootic in this population.

92 le reassorted internal genes (TRIG) has been enzootic in Unites States since 1998.

93 impact on Bb growth and survival during its enzootic infectious cycle.

94 swine are known reservoirs, but how broadly enzootic its causative agent, hepatitis E virus (HEV), i

95 ulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), shares the same enzootic life cycle as Borrelia burgdorferi, the causati

96 e essential for successful completion of the enzootic life cycle but, given the historical difficulti

97 ibuted to interruption of the B. burgdorferi enzootic life cycle cannot yet be excluded.

98 Considering the unique enzootic life cycle of B. burgdorferi, it is not surpris

99 cycle, indicating plzA is essential for the enzootic life cycle of B. burgdorferi.

100 disease, exists in nature through a complex enzootic life cycle that involves both ticks and mammals

101 nts crucial for sustaining Bb in its natural enzootic life cycle.

102 critical for every part of the spirochete's enzootic life cycle.

103 d tick vector and mammalian host) during its enzootic life cycle.

104 t gene for subsequent utilization during its enzootic life cycle.

105 tween the micro-ecological challenges of its enzootic life-cycle and long-term residence in the tissu

106 VEE virus indicated that the viruses were of enzootic lineages previously identified in Panama rather

107 The likelihood of establishment of enzootic Lyme disease by this mechanism is discussed.

108 tropic retrovirus, is the etiologic agent of enzootic lymphosarcoma or leukemia in cattle.

109 We lack a clear understanding of the enzootic maintenance of the bacterium (Yersinia pestis)

110 To determine whether cases were due to enzootic maintenance of the virus within Madagascar or t

111 Pixuna virus (PIXV) is an enzootic member of the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Vi

112 ira interrogans serovar Copenhageni using an enzootic mode of transmission, the conjunctival route.

113 mentally induced OPA and naturally occurring enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma revealed strong activation

114 of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) and enzootic nasal tumor (ENT), respectively.

115 Enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) and jaagsiekte sheep r

116 Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) are simple betaretrovi

117 ruses jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) cause contagious cance

118 Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) induce epithelial tumo

119 Enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) induces nasal epitheli

120 Enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) is related to JSRV but

121 uses, Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV), and a group of endoge

122 uses, jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV), is responsible for th

123 clude Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV).

124 uses, jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV).

125 genic jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) and enzootic nasal tumor virus.

126 -related retrovirus has been demonstrated in enzootic nasal tumors (ENTs) of sheep and goats.

127 A mosquito-borne virus, CHIKV exists in enzootic, non-human primate cycles in Africa, but occasi

128 ly contains an antigenically cross-reactive, enzootic, nonpathogenic agent(s).

129 (RHDV) was reported in 1989 and still causes enzootic outbreaks.

130 pneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia and a major factor in the porcine res

131 nificant respiratory disease of swine called Enzootic Pneumonia.

132 phenotype correlated well with epizootic or enzootic potential.

133 ged repeatedly via convergent evolution from enzootic predecessors.

134 lification-competent, epizootic VEEV from an enzootic progenitor and underscore the limitations of sm

135 rulent Mexican strains probably evolved from enzootic progenitors on the Pacific Coast of Mexico or G

136 Samples were further compared with enzootic rabies associated with different species of bat

137 an monkeypox incidence trends in a monkeypox-enzootic region.

138 78) exhibit little diversity, while those in enzootic settings (e.g., 1970s Zimbabwe) can be highly d

139 from Peromyscus leucopus mice captured at an enzootic site in Connecticut were examined for antibodie

140 clusively that mice captured at Lyme disease enzootic sites may be infected by mixed populations of g

141 ector, Ixodes scapularis, in maintaining the enzootic spirochete cycle in nature.

142 le to pigs but failed to establish an active enzootic state.

143 r longer from being selected in most African enzootic strains as well as in the older endemic Asian l

144 elan outbreak and four sympatric, subtype ID enzootic strains closely related to the predicted epizoo

145 irus (VEEV) arise via mutation of progenitor enzootic strains that replicate poorly in equines.

146 In the macaque, the enzootic strains used are infectious by aerosol and lead

147 r appreciably between these epizootic versus enzootic strains, calling into question the reliability

148 s were no more virulent than closely related enzootic strains, complicating genetic studies of VEE em

149 er infectivity compared with closely related enzootic strains, supporting the hypothesis that adaptat

150 zootic) nonstructural genes with variety IE (enzootic) structural genes (VE/IAB-IE) or IE nonstructur

151 V strains containing the genetic backbone of enzootic subtype ID strains and the partial envelope gly

152 pe genes from two different, closely related enzootic subtype ID strains into the epizootic backbones

153 rotein allow relatively viremia-incompetent, enzootic subtype ID strains to adapt for equine replicat

154 Introduction of the PE2 gene from an enzootic subtype ID virus into an epizootic IAB or IC ge

155 iruses are closely related to four distinct, enzootic subtype ID-like lineages.

156 ned and compared to those of closely related enzootic subtype IE isolates from Guatemala.

157 ic, when compared to that of closely related enzootic subtype IE strains, was shown to result from a

158 The inability of enzootic subtype IE viruses to infect this mosquito spec

159 e encephalitis (VEE) viruses can evolve from enzootic, subtype ID strains that circulate continuously

160 ics are believed to emerge via adaptation of enzootic (sylvatic, equine-avirulent) strains for high t

161 92 Venezuelan outbreak and a closely related enzootic, sympatric subtype ID strain (ZPC738).

162 ssettii, three main reservoir hosts, and two enzootic tick vectors in the southeastern U.S.

163 The two enzootic tick vectors, Ixodes affinis and Ixodes minor,

164 an understanding of the linkages between the enzootic transmission cycle (in wild animals) and that i

165 sed, raises the possibility of a serotype IC enzootic transmission cycle in northern Venezuela.

166 period that led to an increased number of GI enzootic transmission cycles and the subsequent displace

167 ic changes that increased human contact with enzootic transmission cycles, genetic changes in EEE vir

168 ulate that the former two genotypes exist in enzootic transmission cycles, while the latter is geneti

169 tick virus, that are maintained in distinct enzootic transmission cycles.

170 e conclude that there has been long-standing enzootic transmission of tularemia on the island.

171 derivatives in Ixodes scapularis ticks, the enzootic vector of Bb, is extremely low.

172 s in the Culex pipiens complex are excellent enzootic vectors of West Nile virus, circulating the vir

173 h respect to previous epidemic/epizootic and enzootic VEE virus isolates.

174 potential for epidemic emergence from the IE enzootic VEE viruses.

175 In contrast, enzootic VEEV strains are highly specialized and appear

176 during outbreaks or that of closely related enzootic VEEV strains that circulate continuously.

177 was found in other studies of epizootic and enzootic VEEV strains, the sensitivities to murine alpha

178 elays between cross-species transmission and enzootic viral establishment.

179 logical differences between the epidemic and enzootic viruses, several in vitro and in vivo laborator

180 Emergence can involve simple spillover from enzootic (wildlife) cycles, as in the case of West Nile

181 stantial burden of disease, with endemic and enzootic zoonoses causing about a billion cases of illne