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1 thm at 5 layers (endocardium, 25%, 50%, 75%, epicardium).
2 n-myocardial layers (endocardium-endothelium-epicardium).
3 the correct formation of a mature epithelial epicardium.
4 1), but no such correlation was found in the epicardium.
5 rction decreases from the endocardium to the epicardium.
6 l incision onto/in parallel with ventricular epicardium.
7 tion and failure to form a mature epithelial epicardium.
8 (CS) to stimulate the left ventricular (LV) epicardium.
9 -Ca(2+) exchanger, at the base of the female epicardium.
10 lated from the base and apex of adult female epicardium.
11 iated poor and variable recombination in the epicardium.
12 1 by disrupting Pdgfralpha expression in the epicardium.
13 en pacing from the endocardium than from the epicardium.
14 pex, and coronary sinus and left ventricular epicardium.
15 ith a tissue-specific deletion of Nf1 in the epicardium.
16 quent translocation to the heart to form the epicardium.
17 ar heart tube before establishment of a (pro)epicardium.
18 clusively expressed in the fully delaminated epicardium.
19 were also markedly downregulated in Wt1(KO) epicardium.
20 ization over the anterior aspect of the RVOT epicardium.
21 clusively in the anterior aspect of the RVOT epicardium.
22 detected no change in E-cadherin in Wt1(KO) epicardium.
23 d1 lineage marks the proepicardial organ and epicardium.
24 nal activities in the AVE and the developing epicardium.
25 ells unexpectedly richly populated the adult epicardium.
26 s exhibit downregulation of Igf2 mRNA in the epicardium.
27 ing from the ischemic border on the anterior epicardium.
28 share some similarities with the vertebrate epicardium.
29 cardial APD80 more significantly than in the epicardium.
30 achycardia in NICM often originates from the epicardium.
31 was consistent with a primary defect in the epicardium.
32 the presence of coronary vasculature in the epicardium.
33 lar densities were observed in the endo- and epicardium.
34 ersistent blood islands found throughout the epicardium.
35 s from weakly polarized midmyocardium to the epicardium.
36 and envelop the maturing heart, forming the epicardium.
37 developmental stages revealed defects in the epicardium.
38 e perivascular sites on the left ventricular epicardium.
39 tion, resulting in a thin layer of surviving epicardium.
40 onset near the endocardium compared with the epicardium.
41 ore MV leaflet coaptation and secured at the epicardium.
42 n the inferior or posterior left ventricular epicardium.
43 re correctly mapped to either endocardium or epicardium.
44 vations at the base and mid left ventricular epicardium.
45 covery interval patterns were similar to the epicardium.
46 lectrograms and activation delay at the RVOT epicardium.
47 oth muscle progenitor cells in the embryonic epicardium.
48 thetic innervation are similar to that of LV epicardium.
49 ely 2 times higher than in the lateral wall (epicardium, 0.14+/-0.07 versus 0.05+/-0.03; midwall, 0.2
50 eater than in the lateral equatorial region (epicardium, 0.16+/-0.15 versus 0.03+/-0.06; endocardium,
52 nd right ventricular endocardium than in the epicardium (15 [8-25] and 13 [7-22] g versus 8 [4-13] g,
53 versus 49 +/- 2 cm/s in NF, P=0.008) to the epicardium (28 +/- 3 cm/s versus 40 +/- 2 cm/s in NF, P=
56 V for endocardium) was more extensive on the epicardium (95+/-47 versus 38+/-32 cm(2); P<0.001) and w
60 st adult cardiac fibroblasts derive from the epicardium, a minority arises from endothelial cells, an
61 that this adipose tissue originates from the epicardium, a multipotent epithelium that until now is o
62 diovascular progenitor cells arises from the epicardium, a single layer of mesothelium lining the hea
63 n propagates from the endocardium toward the epicardium after 1 minute of VF, which suggests that foc
64 Here we find that genetic depletion of the epicardium after myocardial loss inhibits cardiomyocyte
66 t, the low bipolar voltage area (<1.0 mV for epicardium and <1.5 mV for endocardium) was more extensi
67 sident fibroblasts originating from both the epicardium and a previously unrecognized source, the end
68 S is commonly located in the right ventricle epicardium and ajmaline exposes its extent and distribut
69 RNA and Wt1 protein in the proepicardium and epicardium and also in endothelial cells throughout card
70 t1/betacatenin injury response activates the epicardium and cardiac fibroblasts to promote cardiac re
77 Tcf21) is expressed in subpopulations of the epicardium and EPDCs in chicken and mouse embryonic hear
79 or Bmpr1a) was conditionally deleted in the epicardium and EPDCs using the mWt1/IRES/GFP-Cre (Wt1(Cr
80 ly, these findings suggest that HPSC-derived epicardium and EPI-SMCs could serve as important tools f
81 eage tracing approaches to track and isolate epicardium and epicardium derivatives in hearts lacking
82 e a chemically defined method for generating epicardium and epicardium-derived smooth muscle cells (E
84 he base of female than male left ventricular epicardium and greater at the base than at the apex in b
85 trode basket catheter were placed around the epicardium and in the left ventricle (LV), respectively.
86 wall-thickness measurements attached to the epicardium and invasive pressure monitoring established,
87 -dioxin (TCDD) prevents the formation of the epicardium and leads to severe heart malformations in de
88 uption of cell-cell interactions between the epicardium and myocardium resulting in a thinned myocard
89 of heterotypic cell interactions between the epicardium and myocardium resulting in a thinned ventric
90 its stiffer isoform were increased in the LV epicardium and paralleled the changes in fibronectin and
91 pressed ectopic activity that arose from the epicardium and prevented induction of polymorphic VT.
92 ates Wnt1 that is initially expressed in the epicardium and subsequently by cardiac fibroblasts in th
93 pha) expression at specific sites within the epicardium and support a link between hypoxia inducible
94 d Fgf20 are expressed in the endocardium and epicardium and that RA can induce epicardial expression
95 A activity is completely lost in Raldh2(-/-) epicardium and the adjacent myocardium, RA activity is n
96 ithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the epicardium and the reverse process (MET) in kidney mesen
97 d while the movement of EPDCs within the sub-epicardium and their differentiation into smooth muscle
98 eart, CXCL12 is expressed principally by the epicardium, and its receptor CXCR4 is expressed by coron
99 e onto the outer cardiac surface to form the epicardium, and then make a substantial contribution to
104 ISO decreased APD significantly more in the epicardium as compared to the endocardium, with subseque
107 nated electrical activity was observed in RV epicardium, but not in endocardium, as a consequence of
109 ation of a developmental gene program in the epicardium, but the transcriptional basis of epicardial
110 vivo procedures for genetic ablation of the epicardium, cell proliferation assays, tissue grafts and
114 for the first time definitive evidence that epicardium contributes to formation of the mammalian ann
116 These studies also show that the atria, epicardium, coronary vessels, and the majority of outflo
118 proaches to track and isolate epicardium and epicardium derivatives in hearts lacking Wt1 (Wt1(KO)).
119 oxP technology to assess the contribution of epicardium derived cells (EPDCs) to the annulus fibrosis
124 actor (hSCF) enhances epicardial activation, epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) production, and myocard
125 ll proliferation and stimulated formation of epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs), which remained in a th
126 regulatory sequences provided evidence that epicardium-derived cells also adopt a myocardial fate in
127 pogenic differentiation of adult mesenchymal epicardium-derived cells by modulating the balance betwe
128 ntributor to cardiovascular development, and epicardium-derived cells have the potential to different
130 diac cells (ventricular myocytes, as well as epicardium-derived cells) obtained from neonatal rat hea
132 myocardium, and impaired differentiation of epicardium-derived mesenchymal cells into coronary smoot
134 t novel therapeutic strategies to manipulate epicardium-derived progenitor cells for cardiac repair.
136 ducible Cre driver revealed unique roles for epicardium-derived Shha in myocardial proliferation duri
137 defined method for generating epicardium and epicardium-derived smooth muscle cells (EPI-SMCs) and CF
138 kit expression in the adult heart identifies epicardium-derived, noncardiomyogenic precursors with a
143 g basic cycle distance, in the Scn5a(+/-) RV epicardium, directly predictive of its arrhythmic phenot
145 ation of Mrtfa and Mrtfb specifically in the epicardium disrupts cell migration and leads to sub-epic
146 ed spatially between the endocardium and the epicardium (dominant frequency, 0.79 +/- 0.06 and regula
147 absence of VEGFC, which is expressed in the epicardium, dramatically inhibited dorsal and lateral co
150 be ectopically induced in mouse ventricular epicardium, either in embryonic or adult stages, by expr
152 ctivities in the endocardium (Endo-LAVA) and epicardium (Epi-LAVA), followed by epicardial ablation i
153 transition (EMT) as shown by analyses of the epicardium, epicardial-derived cells, and fate mapping.
154 or comprehensive whole-field, endocardium-to-epicardium evaluation for microvascular density, fibrosi
155 ecifically, the ventricular, but not atrial, epicardium exhibited areas of expanded epithelium, prefe
156 minute of VF, the faster activating LV base epicardium exhibits less estimated block than the slower
162 lves the activation and proliferation of the epicardium, followed by an epithelial-to-mesenchymal tra
163 imuli (S2), applied to the right ventricular epicardium, followed trains of pacing stimuli (S1) at pr
164 were found non-uniformly distributed on the epicardium following pericardial administration, display
169 Epicardial-specific Cdc42 deletion disrupted epicardium formation, and Cdc42 null PECs proliferated l
171 ising the possibility that faster activating epicardium generates wavefronts that drive the endocardi
172 g of the role and the mechanism by which the epicardium governs these developmental events, primarily
175 events leading to the formation of the human epicardium has essentially been extrapolated from model
178 , and the interactions of the myocardium and epicardium have opened the door to new approaches for he
180 surrogate for APD, were measured from the LV epicardium in 13 patients at day 0, 6 weeks, and 6 month
182 related VT, target sites were located at the epicardium in 5 patients (63%) and in the endocardial in
184 ardia circuits contained entirely within the epicardium in ARVD and explains observations on the need
185 These findings reveal a new role for the epicardium in establishing an extracellular environment
186 e anterior aspects of right ventricular (RV) epicardium in experimental models of Brugada syndrome (B
189 have shown a role for Hippo signaling in the epicardium in suppressing the post-infarct inflammatory
192 y observed in the cell junction of the skin, epicardium, intestine, and cornea of both developmental
199 oduced conflicting results about whether the epicardium is a source of cardiac muscle cells during he
201 tissue layer enveloping the heart called the epicardium is activated to proliferate and accumulate at
204 ntrary to prevailing dogma, the formed human epicardium is not a simple squamous epithelium and we re
207 , and we show that RXRalpha signaling in the epicardium is required for proper cardiac morphogenesis.
212 wever, the potential activity of Tbx5 in the epicardium itself, and the role of Tbx5 in mammalian cor
214 was observed where loss of N-cadherin in the epicardium led to disruption of heterotypic cell interac
215 ption of Numb and Numblike expression in the epicardium led to randomized mitotic spindle orientation
219 n unloaded myocytes isolated from the RV, LV epicardium (LVepi) and LV endocardium (LVendo) of adult
221 most of the scar tissue was confined to the epicardium; mapping identified and eliminated an epicard
224 rt model consisted of four compartments: the epicardium, midmyocardium, endocardium, and pericardial
227 re provided with 3D surfaces of endocardium, epicardium, myocardial wall thickness (range, 2.6 to 17.
228 hearts, suggesting that RA signaling in the epicardium/myocardium is not required for myocardial com
229 ain and two-domain computer models of normal epicardium (NZ) to understand how extracellular space mo
230 t coronary cusp, aortomitral continuity, and epicardium, occasionally the basal left ventricular summ
231 rams were acquired at 240 sites covering the epicardium of 41 patients at 6 cycle lengths (600-350 ms
233 s) were created on the left ventricular (LV) epicardium of M9PROM mice (n=62) and terminally studied
234 stic membranes shaped precisely to match the epicardium of the heart via the use of 3D printing, as a
235 ns (10 to 40 W for 30 s) were created on the epicardium of the right ventricle in eight mongrel dogs.
236 vity on bipolar electrograms recorded in the epicardium of the RV outflow tract in patients with BrS.
237 substrate site is the RVOT, either over the epicardium or endocardium; abnormal electrograms would b
238 ineages occurs early in the formation of the epicardium or later after the cells have entered the myo
242 ocardium (39+/-18 g versus 21+/-14 g for the epicardium; P<0.001) mainly because of axial force.
244 of pro-epicardial cells (PECs) from the pro-epicardium (PE) and their subsequent translocation to th
246 ynamic Notch injury response activates adult epicardium, producing a multipotent cell population that
247 Loss of sox9b prevented the formation of epicardium progenitors comprising the proepicardium on t
248 l-defined repolarization edge traversing the epicardium, PVEM can reliably provoke VF if, and only if
249 e dye labeling experiments revealed that the epicardium recurrently contributes cells to the ventricu
250 Disruption of C/EBP signaling in the adult epicardium reduced injury-induced neutrophil infiltratio
251 ctors secreted both from the endocardium and epicardium regulate appropriate growth of the myocardium
256 decreased progressively from endocardium to epicardium (scar area/left ventricular area: 34.0+/-17.4
258 ntrast, allograft lymphatics in and near the epicardium showed no significant density decline but inc
259 e heart, this cell lineage gives rise to the epicardium, smooth muscle cells, and potentially fibrobl
260 cription factor gene tcf21 activated robust, epicardium-specific expression throughout development an
261 a conditional shha mutant generated using an epicardium-specific inducible Cre driver revealed unique
262 layed enhanced expression of epithelial- and epicardium-specific markers, exhibited morphological fea
263 cine study was performed on left ventricular epicardium submerged under 10 mm of blood, using devices
267 ta provide insight into the developing human epicardium that may contribute to our understanding of c
268 ion of a regeneration-specific matrix in the epicardium that precedes the accumulation and migration
269 originates from migratory mesothelial cells (epicardium) that give rise to coronary vascular smooth m
270 or cells and reveals a critical role for the epicardium, the cellular layer that covers the heart.
271 e find in zebrafish that regeneration of the epicardium, the mesothelial covering of the heart, is me
273 pends on a complex communication between the epicardium, the subepicardial mesenchyme, and the myocar
275 tion as a consequence of cardiac disease and epicardium to adipocyte differentiation should be taken
276 heart field cardiac progenitor cells at the epicardium to adipocytes due to enhanced expression of a
278 timuli (S1) applied to the right ventricular epicardium triggered ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 16
279 these epicardial-derived cells (EPDCs), the epicardium undergoes the process of epithelial to mesenc
280 that muscular connections between endo- and epicardium underlie EBW and that a slight degree of endo
281 eluting transvenous lead was placed from the epicardium via purse-string incision or atriotomy and af
283 high-density electroanatomic mapping of the epicardium was also performed, and border zone and dense
286 understand the autocrine role of HIFs in the epicardium, we transduced adenovirus mediated expression
287 duced triggered beats that originated in the epicardium were associated with an increased Tpeak-Tend
288 r of retinoic acid signaling confined to the epicardium, were also markedly downregulated in Wt1(KO)
291 al heart development is the formation of the epicardium, which functions as a source of cells and as
292 rm a contribution of HCs to the intact adult epicardium, which is elevated during the first 24 weeks
293 contribution of CD45+ HCs to the developing epicardium, which is not derived from the proepicardial
296 fects include an irregular and hypercellular epicardium with abundant subepicardial mesenchyme and a
297 D patients had major activation delay to the epicardium with laminar central scar activation from the
300 te adhesion of the electrodes or mesh to the epicardium without damage to underlying vasculature.
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