ライフサイエンスコーパス: equi

1 rogate for trimethoprim-sulfadiazine with S. equi.

2 with the intracellular bacterium Rhodococcus equi.

3 alian reservoirs for tick transmission of B. equi.

4 cantly increased tissue concentrations of R. equi.

5 f TLR4 responded normally to infection by R. equi.

6 CTL, which may play a role in immunity to R. equi.

7 xhibited diminished cytokine responses to R. equi.

8 ed markedly reduced cytokine responses to R. equi.

9 bility to clear a challenge with virulent R. equi.

10 -containing) or avirulent (plasmid-cured) R. equi.

11 ion of the characteristic salmon color of R. equi.

12 new PCR primers for the identification of E. equi.

13 cted with Ehrlichia canis, E. platys, and E. equi.

14 form peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), which kills R. equi.

15 ria to ONOO(-) efficiently kills virulent R. equi.

16 sequence previously obtained from Ehrlichia equi.

17 s is caused by an agent similar to Ehrlichia equi.

18 r status of horses suspected of harboring B. equi.

19 horses worldwide, is caused by Streptococcus equi.

20 ogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and S. equi.

21 c acids isolated from pathogenic Rhodococcus equi 103 contained a series of homologous ions having C(

22 The clinical strain S. equi 4047 however, lacks a functional extracellular HL.

23 to the structure-function relationship of S. equi 4047 phage HL.

24 , 8 with Ehrlichia ewingii, 3 with Ehrlichia equi, 9 with Ehrlichia platys, 20 with a Rickettsia spec

25 treptococcus equi (Streptococcus equi subsp. equi), a Lancefield group C streptococcus, causes strang

26 Rhodococcus equi, a facultative intracellular pathogen of macrophage

27 hese doses of the mu and delta agonists were equi-analgesic as measured by a thermal escape test.

28 orphine-like reinforcing activity in mice at equi-analgesic doses.

29 E. equi and E. chaffeensis antibodies (titer > or = 80) wer

30 r repeat analysis by the IFA test and for E. equi and E. chaffeensis immunoblots.

31 rlichia species closely related to Ehrlichia equi and Ehrlichia phagocytophila.

32 , variability among serologic tests using E. equi and HGE agent isolates for diagnosis of HGE will oc

33 The prophages of S. equi and other streptococci encode intracellular HLs whi

34 s to the intracellular bacterium Rhodococcus equi and show that infection of macrophages with intact

35 phocytes (CTL) in the control of Rhodococcus equi and specifically to determine if R. equi-specific C

36 Streptococcus equi and Streptococcus zooepidemicus are major etiologic

37 suggested that equibactin is secreted by S. equi and that the eqbH, eqbI and eqbJ genes are required

38 These results suggest that E. equi and the HGE agent found in California are similar o

39 mples originating from the United States (E. equi and the HGE agent) and sequences from the European

40 on the ability of vector ticks to acquire B. equi and, following development and replication, establi

41 xel (PTX) with conventional and two levels ("equi" and "high") of dose-dense schedules.

42 imp white spot syndrome virus, Streptococcus equi, and Bacillus cereus predicts that the collagen-lik

43 dult horses were challenged with virulent R. equi, and cells from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid we

44 of of a role for vapA in the virulence of R. equi, and demonstrate that its presence is essential for

45 of doxycycline for treatment of E. canis, E. equi, and E. ewingii infections but indicate that, based

46 lichia species: E. canis, E. chaffeensis, E. equi, and E. ewingii.

47 28), SeE, the SsE homologue in Streptococcus equi, and human plasma PAF-AH (hpPAF-AH).

48 y showing a virulence plasmid transfer in R. equi, and it establishes a mechanism by which the virule

49 A TLR2 reporter cell was activated by R. equi, and RAW-264 cells transfected with a dominant nega

50 e species of middle to late Pleistocene NWSL equid, and demonstrate that it falls outside of crown gr

51 ression libraries using polyclonal equine E. equi antibodies.

52 E. equi antibody was present in 14 (8%) of 187 Wisconsin de

53 Our results suggest that E. equi antigen is an appropriate substrate for identifying

54 fected with R. equi or exposed to soluble R. equi antigen lysed R. equi-infected target cells.

55 and specificity of various HGE agent and E. equi antigens used for IFA diagnosis by three different

56 The HGE agent and E. equi are antigenically diverse, and interpretation of se

57 GE), Ehrlichia phagocytophila, and Ehrlichia equi are very similar.

58 nd mechanisms underlying the evolution of S. equi as a host-restricted pathogen remain poorly underst

59 Equi-atomic FeRh is a very interesting material as it un

60 Equi-atomic FeRh is highly unusual in that it undergoes

61 Loss of pVAPN rendered R. equi avirulent in macrophages and mice.

62 ng microstructural evolutions in UFG Cu with equi-axed and elongated grains which were prepared by eq

63 ple were refined by recrystallization, while equi-axed grains in the ECAP-16 sample grew larger.

64 lymerase chain reaction typing system for R. equi based on 3 plasmid gene markers: traA from the cons

65 Virulent strains of R. equi bear a large plasmid that is required for intracell

66 tors, in particular to break the symmetry of equi-biaxial lateral strain in the absence of prestretch

67 re obtained upon sequential wrinkling of non-equi-biaxial prestrain for the first time.

68 tricular myocytes were subjected to cyclical equi-biaxial stretch.

69 rucker, East Kent Goldings, Zeus) to achieve equi-bitter levels.

70 resolution record of continental climate and equid body size change shows a directional size decrease

71 ite mediates the intracellular killing of R. equi by IFN-gamma-activated macrophages.

72 animal tested serologically positive for B. equi by the complement fixation test, the immunofluoresc

73 ine the mechanism of host defense against R. equi by using a murine model.

74 During the acute phase of infection, B. equi can reach high levels of parasitemia, resulting in

75 Rhodococcus equi causes severe pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals.

76 NCP-1, which is a component of the Piromyces equi cellulase/hemicellulase complex, presents a provoca

77 growth system was developed for obtaining R. equi CFS antigens.

78 ne adult horses and provide evidence that R. equi CFS proteins are antigen targets in the immunoprote

79 imulation of pulmonary T-lymphocytes with R. equi CFS resulted in significant proliferation and a sig

80 R. equi CFS was also examined for the ability to stimulate

81 lence plasmid by an avirulent ancestor of R. equi, coevolution between the plasmid and the chromosome

82 e and at the membrane of the host-derived R. equi containing vacuole, thus providing an opportunity f

83 esence of VapA inhibits the maturation of R. equi-containing phagosomes and promotes intracellular ba

84 cant amounts of C(4) grasses were present in equid diets beginning at 9.9 Ma and in rhinocerotid diet

85 rly be required for the full virulence of S. equi, directing future research toward the development o

86 be extremely useful in the prevention of R. equi disease in horses.

87 ferred from plasmid-containing strains of R. equi (donor) to plasmid-free R. equi strains (recipient)

88 ently acquire the protozoal pathogen Babesia equi during acute and persistent infections and transmit

89 NA) of the Ehrlichia genogroup comprising E. equi, E. phagocytophila, and the agent of human granuloc

90 differed from the published sequences for E. equi, E. phagocytophila, and the HGE agent by 1 or 2 nuc

91 obtained from clinical samples containing E. equi, E. phagocytophila, or the HGE agent were very simi

92 ly-acting compounds (ICI204448, asimadoline) equi-effectively activated both receptors, assessed by m

93 thin its nervous system, both compounds also equi-effectively activated the receptor, inhibiting nerv

94 st, AS-transfected VSMC utilized Arg and Cit equi-effectively and at much lower concentrations; 100 m

95 baclofen (200 microg) each significantly and equi-effectively increased food intake over 4 h followin

96 l(3)Pro(8)OXT taxon-specific variants act as equi-efficacious agonists for the Gq-dependent pathway b

97 onding fragments of the 16S rRNA genes of E. equi, Ehrlichia phagocytophila, and the human granulocyt

98 sed to amplify groESL sequences of Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia phagocytophila, the agent of human granu

99 st, there was no conclusive evidence that B. equi EMA-1 was expressed in either the Boophilus micropl

100 The expression of B. equi EMA-2 in Boophilus microplus provides a marker for

101 n of a double-dockerin construct from the P. equi endoglucanase Cel45A.

102 d by a combination of parallel tempering and equi-energy Monte Carlo, we find that the three-point mo

103 e (Gal) and 100 microg/kg Salmonella abortus equi ET increased caspase 3-like protease activity (Asp-

104 notably the suid Notochoerus, the hipparion equid Eurygnathohippus, the giraffid Sivatherium, and th

105 The equi-frequency contour (EFC) is used to reveal whether t

106 sal-symmetry but also leads to separation of Equi-Frequency Contour surfaces (EFCs) to form topologic

107 ia sample obtained from Minnesota, Ehrlichia equi from California, Ehrlichia phagocytophila from Swed

108 Ticks that acquired B. equi from chronically infected horses, as well as those

109 t the experimental transmission of Ehrlichia equi from naturally infected Ixodes pacificus ticks to h

110 nthropogenic forces can dramatically reshape equid gastrointestinal microbiomes, which has broader im

111 repared and screened HGE agent and Ehrlichia equi genomic DNA expression libraries using polyclonal e

112 This suggests that rP44 is an HGE-E. equi group-specific antigen.

113 recognized the vapA virulence plasmid of R. equi had a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and specificit

114 that a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the equid herpesvirus type 1 DNA polymerase gene is associat

115 , we report that the nonneurovirulent strain equid herpesvirus type 1 strain NY03 caused lethal neuro

116 In placental tissue from the equid hybrids and the horse parent, the allelic expressi

117 d for use in the identification of Ehrlichia equi in clinical samples.

118 lecular documentation for the presence of E. equi in dogs from these countries.

119 11 naturally occurring isolates of Ehrlichia equi in horses and two human granulocytic ehrlichiosis a

120 This monoclonal antibody also recognized B. equi in salivary glands of adult Boophilus microplus.

121 Immunoblot analysis for E. equi in samples with positive IFA test results confirmed

122 ted negative for Babesia caballi and Babesia equi in the complement fixation test before importation

123 In addition, quantification of B. equi in the mammalian host and vector tick indicated tha

124 blood acquired B. equi, with detection of B. equi in the salivary glands of 7 to 50% of fed ticks, a

125 lopment and replication, establishment of B. equi in the salivary glands.

126 similar to that associated with Rhodococcus equi, including intra-histiocytic localization.

127 flammatory cells from either L. major- or R. equi-infected C57BL/6 mice were sensitive to TNF-induced

128 necessary for recognition and killing of R. equi-infected cells.

129 d 24 kDa and were recognized by sera from R. equi-infected foals and immune adult horses.

130 ulated in macrophages and in the lungs of R. equi-infected foals, we hypothesized that vapG could be

131 Killing of R. equi-infected macrophages by effector cells was equally

132 scent antibody (IFA) serology with Ehrlichia equi-infected neutrophils or HGE agent-infected cultured

133 exposed to soluble R. equi antigen lysed R. equi-infected target cells.

134 h CTL obtained from the blood, killing of R. equi-infected targets by pulmonary effectors was not res

135 (phox-/-)) are more susceptible to lethal R. equi infection and display higher bacterial burdens in t

136 Although R. equi infection can produce life-threatening pyogranuloma

137 We present two HIV-associated cases of R. equi infection from Vietnam and discuss the unique diagn

138 the predominantly opportunistic nature of R. equi infection in this host and a zoonotic origin.

139 Rhodococcus equi infection is increasing in regions with high HIV pr

140 with either Leishmania major or Rhodococcus equi infection, although they developed a Th1 response a

141 hages were fully capable of responding to R. equi infection, and because RAW-264 cells transfected wi

142 ced virtually no cytokines in response to R. equi infection, implicating a TLR pathway.

143 developed clinical signs compatible with E. equi infection, while one horse remained asymptomatic.

144 in the immunoprotective response against R. equi infection.

145 era from horses convalescent from HGE and E. equi infection.

146 mice blocked lesion regression following R. equi infection.

147 icant questions, we established long-term B. equi infections (>1 year), measured parasitemia levels o

148 This "TRAVAP" typing scheme classifies R. equi into 4 categories: traA(+)/vapA(+)B(-), traA(+)/vap

149 Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular bacterium of macroph

150 Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular opportunistic pathog

151 Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular pathogen of macropha

152 Rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular, Gram-positive, soil

153 Rhodococcus equi is a multihost, facultative intracellular bacterial

154 Rhodococcus equi is an important cause of pneumonia in young horses;

155 Rhodococcus equi is an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised h

156 ement of chronically infected horses with B. equi is based on the presumption that ticks can acquire

157 ith VapA; the proteins are expressed when R. equi is cultured at 37 degrees C but not at 30 degrees C

158 cular typing of the actinomycete Rhodococcus equi is insufficiently developed, and little is known ab

159 We show that Himar1 transposition in R. equi is random and needs no apparent consensus sequence

160 Streptococcus equi is the causative agent of strangles, the most frequ

161 Streptococcus equi is the causative agent of the highly contagious dis

162 d that the major virulence determinant of R. equi is the surface bound virulence associated protein A

163 human isolate from Wisconsin or an Ehrlichia equi isolate from a horse, there was qualitative agreeme

164 wo proteins are not expressed by the same R. equi isolate.

165 All strains of R. equi isolated from foals and approximately a third isola

166 ultative intracellular bacterium Rhodococcus equi isolated from young horses (foals) with R. equi pne

167 The 444 Ep-ank gene of the HGE agent and E. equi isolates from northern California is different from

168 16S rRNA gene sequences of HGE agent and E. equi isolates from northern California.

169 Ehrlichia equi isolates were from Sierra (n = 6), Mendocino (n = 3

170 quine (pVAPA) and porcine (pVAPB variant) R. equi isolates.

171 B. equi levels during the chronic phase of infection ranged

172 The role of the surface-localized R. equi lipoprotein VapA (virulence-associated protein A),

173 d pulmonary T lymphocytes stimulated with R. equi lysed infected alveolar macrophages and peripheral

174 fficient activation of innate immunity by R. equi may account for the relative lack of virulence of t

175 Equi merozoite antigens 1 and 2 (EMA-1 and EMA-2) are Ba

176 oduced higher Bispectral index readings than equi-minimum-alveolar-concentration multiples of ether a

177 idence here that the MT/src complex contains equi-molar amounts of PP2A, and that phosphatase activit

178 In equi-molar mixed-Pb(II)-Zn(II) systems, partitioning of

179 , >99% of both metal ions sorbed to PAA when equi-molar Pb(II) and Zn(II) were added simultaneously t

180 cent-antibody (IFA) technique with Ehrlichia equi MRK-infected neutrophils.

181 tibody (IFA) staining methods with Ehrlichia equi (MRK or BDS strains) and Western blot analyses cont

182 study, we describe the construction of an R. equi mutant lacking a 7.9 kb DNA region spanning five va

183 y replicating plasmid for construction of R. equi mutants.

184 ptor agonist and modulator equi-response and equi-occupancy selectivity calculated from these paramet

185 either of two protozoan parasites, Theileria equi or Babesia caballi.

186 Animal sera reactive against Ehrlichia equi or Ehrlichia phagocytophila bound to the HGE antige

187 gen-presenting cells either infected with R. equi or exposed to soluble R. equi antigen lysed R. equi

188 staining methods with 5 strains of Ehrlichia equi or the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent to ass

189 , or tick bites were not more frequent in E. equi- or B. burgdorferi-seropositive than -seronegative

190 s that contained morphologically distinct B. equi organisms in the midgut.

191 ease similarly after treatment with NaCl, an equi-osmolar concentration of sorbitol, or ABA, whereas

192 The responses to equi-osmotic infusions of hypertonic sorbitol were signi

193 greater increase in discharge frequency than equi-osmotic mannitol.

194 activity and arterial blood pressure whereas equi-osmotic mannitol/sorbitol did not alter any variabl

195 crease in arterial blood pressure (ABP) than equi-osmotic mannitol/sorbitol.

196 rve activity (SNA), adrenal SNA and ABP than equi-osmotic sorbitol (2.0 osmol l(-1) ).

197 Equi-osmotic sorbitol did not alter any variable.

198 se in OVLT neuronal discharge frequency than equi-osmotic sorbitol.

199 OVLT discharge and ABP than icv infusion of equi-osmotic sorbitol.

200 During the development of B. equi parasites in the salivary gland granular acini, the

201 e, nymphs, and adults) failed to transmit B. equi parasites to naive horses.

202 of the horse was confirmed by culture of B. equi parasites.

203 is problem, based on a combination of energy equi-partition and enthalpy-entropy compensation, is pro

204 usters the binding free energy appears to be equi-partitioned between the gp32 monomers of the cluste

205 at S. equi sAgs play an important role in S. equi pathogenicity by stimulating an overzealous and ina

206 he identification and precise demarcation of equid/Perissodactyl-specific features that for the first

207 omes shared limited synteny with Rhodococcus equi phage ReqiDocB7 and Gordonia phage GTE7.

208 d between traA(+)/vapAB(-)--a new type of R. equi plasmid--and cattle.

209 e techniques or serology for diagnosis of R. equi pneumonia in foals.

210 e sensitive and specific for diagnosis of R. equi pneumonia than are other available diagnostic tests

211 i isolated from young horses (foals) with R. equi pneumonia, carry an 80-90 kb virulence plasmid and

212 ociated with sporadic outbreaks in human and equid populations in the Western Hemisphere.

213 as a mechanism to ensure its maintenance in equid populations.

214 ca through sporadic outbreaks into human and equid populations.

215 to either the apical or the basolateral bath equi-potently stimulated ISC while 'purified' ADP and UD

216 An equi-pressor dose of angiotensin II had no effect on myo

217 reduced renal cortical tissue PO2 more than equi-pressor doses of phenylephrine, probably because it

218 significantly greater than those induced by equi-pressor doses of phenylephrine.

219 Equi-pressor infusion of phenylephrine did not significa

220 GE), Ehrlichia phagocytophila, and Ehrlichia equi probably comprise variants of a single Ehrlichia sp

221 S. equi produces four recently acquired phage-associated ba

222 tigens 1 and 2 (EMA-1 and EMA-2) are Babesia equi proteins expressed on the parasite surface during i

223 -associated virulence plasmid in Rhodococcus equi, pVAPN, carried by bovine isolates of this facultat

224 nt to confer virulence to a plasmid-cured R. equi recipient.

225 ggesting that the pathogenic potential of S. equi reduces as a consequence of long-term residency wit

226 The timing of these equid regional extinctions and accompanying evolutionary

227 In these assays, R. equi remains fully viable following prolonged exposure t

228 The protozoan parasite Babesia equi replicates within erythrocytes.

229 ic measure of receptor agonist and modulator equi-response and equi-occupancy selectivity calculated

230 after experimental infection of mice with R. equi resulted in more severe disease and significantly i

231 y other members of the order Perissodactyla (equid, rhinoceros and tapir species).

232 lates of group C streptococci (Streptococcus equi, S. equisimilis, and S. zooepidemicus) have been sh

233 pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. equi, S. mutans, S. pneumoniae, S. suis and S. uberis, a

234 We propose that S. equi sAgs play an important role in S. equi pathogenicit

235 cterize the contribution of each of these S. equi sAgs to mitogenic activity in vitro and quantify th

236 eas phylogenetic analysis showed that the E. equi sequence was most closely related to the Upper Midw

237 another group contained the majority of the equid sequences identified.

238 Although dog and equid sera with antibodies to whole-cell B. burgdorferi

239 e anti-HGE serum, and a horse anti-Ehrlichia equi serum recognized the rP44 protein.

240 ively in persistent isolates, and renders S. equi significantly less able to cause acute disease in t

241 (MHC) class I genes isolated from a range of equid species and more distantly related members of the

242 ontained genes and alleles that are found in equid species and one group specific to the rhinoceros.

243 Here we match variation in striping of equid species and subspecies to geographic range overlap

244 ve figured centrally in that debate, because equid species dominated North American late Pleistocene

245 pha1, alpha2 and theta globin genes from six equid species have been determined to investigate relati

246 Although multiple NWSL equid species have been named, our palaeogenomic and mor

247 horoughbreds and 42 samples from three other equid species that the T-allele was ancestral and there

248 the sequence and number of ZF domains among equid species, ranging from five domains in the Tibetan

249 cus equi and specifically to determine if R. equi-specific CD8+ CTL occurred in the blood of immune h

250 that immunocompetent adult horses develop R. equi-specific CD8+ CTL, which may play a role in immunit

251 s described for amplification of Rhodococcus equi-specific chromosomal and vapA DNA from blood and tr

252 In this study, the hypothesis that R. equi-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are present

253 alveolar macrophages, suggesting that the R. equi-specific, major histocompatibility complex-unrestri

254 EMA-2-positive B. equi stages in the midgut lumen and midgut epithelial ce

255 R. equi-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC

256 strains H70 and MGCS10565 and S. equi subsp. equi strain 4047 suggests that flaR flanks a region of g

257 Allelic replacement mutants of S. equi strain 4047 with sequential deletion of the superan

258 We subsequently constructed an R. equi strain lacking only the vapA gene and found that it

259 rophage replication defect of a wild type R. equi strain lacking the vapA gene and enhances the persi

260 trains of R. equi (donor) to plasmid-free R. equi strains (recipient) at a high frequency and that pl

261 A TRAVAP survey of 215 R. equi strains confirmed the strong link between vapA (tra

262 vapC, -D, and -E are found only in R. equi strains that express VapA and are highly conserved

263 Streptococcus equi (Streptococcus equi subsp. equi), a Lancefield grou

264 oepidemicus strains H70 and MGCS10565 and S. equi subsp. equi strain 4047 suggests that flaR flanks a

265 Streptococcus equi (Streptococcus equi subsp. equi), a Lancefield group C streptococcus, c

266 ely to be a specific strain of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus from contaminated cheese.

267 otic resistance profiles of 38 Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolates were determined from

268 ococcolytic enzyme produced by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus strain 4881.

269 S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains 9g and 9h appeared to

270 se sequences with the genome sequences of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains H70 and MGCS10565 and

271 Twenty-four S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus strains were analyzed to deter

272 rved with the corresponding sequence from S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus SzpW60, while the predicted su

273 and typing antigens of S. zooepidemicus (S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus).

274 Three other strains of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus, including another strain prev

275 recurrent bacteremia caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, likely transmitted from mothe

276 trimethoprim-sulfadiazine with Streptococcus equi subspecies are interpreted based on human data for

277 S is a non-anchored protein of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi that causes upper respiratory infec

278 is was associated with group C Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, a cause of bovine mastiti

279 iron-type nitrile hydratase from Rhodococcus equi TG328-2 (ReNHase) using methacrylonitrile as the su

280 More cells were killed by PTX dose-dense-equi than with PTX conventional, but with the addition o

281 red protein of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi that causes upper respiratory infection in horses.

282 Two clones, one each from HGE agent and E. equi, that were recognized specifically by antibodies to

283 though absolutely conserved in Streptococcus equi, the causative agent of equine strangles, was absen

284 trast, in anaerobic fungi, such as Piromyces equi, the dockerins of cellulosomal enzymes are often pr

285 k operon gene fragment is identical among E. equi, the HGE agent, and E. phagocytophila, with the exc

286 ies showed that, in contrast to wild-type R. equi, the riboflavin-requiring mutant is attenuated beca

287 ole and/or trimethoprim-sulfadiazine with S. equi This study indicates trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

288 fter molting to the adult stage, transmit B. equi to naive horses.

289 B. equi transitions through multiple, morphologically disti

290 ial transmission is an efficient mode for B. equi transmission and that persistently infected horses

291 Our findings support a model in which R. equi virulence is conferred by host-adapted plasmids.

292 R. equi virulence is dependent on the presence of a large v

293 eloped will allow the characterization of R. equi virulence mechanisms and the creation of other atte

294 d VapE, which are encoded by genes on the R. equi virulence plasmid.

295 lichia species (E. canis, E. ewingii, and E. equi) was documented for one dog.

296 ycycline against 101 isolates of Rhodococcus equi were determined by broth macrodilution, disk diffus

297 HGE agent DNA and antibodies against E. equi were present.

298 Unlike wild-type R. equi which replicates intracellularly, both of the mutan

299 10(5.5) +/- 10(0.48)/ml of blood acquired B. equi, with detection of B. equi in the salivary glands o

300 The lifestyle of S. equi within the horse is defined by short-term acute dis