ライフサイエンスコーパス: eutherian

1 alestidae (a family of Late Cretaceous Asian eutherians).

2 yctitheria (a group of Late Cretaceous Asian eutherians).

3 in comparing SF1 of a marsupial with that of eutherians.

4 towards term is a shared derived feature of eutherians.

5 derably longer time to weaning compared with eutherians.

6 smatically in the marsupials, but not in the eutherians.

7 evelopmental events is more variable than in eutherians.

8 lation, which mirrors X inactivation in many eutherians.

9 llmark of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in eutherians.

10 guide our understanding of LINE dynamics in eutherians.

11 ich X-chromosome inactivation is achieved in eutherians.

12 o 45 Myr "ghost lineage" for these Gondwanan eutherians.

13 for dental and other anatomical features of eutherians.

14 performs an important germ cell function in eutherians.

15 determine whether the abnormalities found in eutherian albinos are also present in this marsupial.

16 n and loss across the phylogeny, we show the eutherian ancestor retained a core set of 17 MSY genes,

17 lacental mammalian lineages since the common eutherian ancestor, showing considerable variation betwe

18 ing megabase-scale euchromatic regions of an eutherian ancestral genome from the genomes of approxima

19 X and autosomes for likely neutral sites in eutherian ancestral interspersed repetitive elements pre

20 teractome we performed expanded screening of eutherian and avian cDNA libraries using yeast-two-hybri

21 the genome indicate that the majority of all eutherian and avian/reptilian genes or regions of intere

22 ifference in chiasmatic architecture between eutherian and marsupial mammals.

23 2 and Stratum 3 gene pairs, suggesting that eutherian and marsupial Stratum 2 genes may have been in

24 c imprinting has been identified in therian (eutherian and marsupial) mammals but not in prototherian

25 e fundamental order of events is the same in eutherian and metatherian animals, but there is a curvil

26 Ark blot analysis of eutherian and metatherian genomic DNA indicates that X-Y

27 aled Fgf8 expression in genital tubercles of eutherian and metatherian mammals, but not turtles or al

28 aryotes, the MAGE family rapidly expanded in eutherians and consists of more than 50 highly conserved

29 ologous to those previously characterized in eutherians and demonstrates that amelogenins were refine

30 Comparisons between eutherians and marsupials suggest limited conservation o

31 ary for both infant and fetal development in eutherians and marsupials, although marsupials have a fa

32 Mesozoic therian mammal (node-based clade of eutherians and metatherians), Didelphodon vorax has a hi

33 xtinct relatives), or as an outgroup to both eutherians and metatherians.

34 evolved characteristic that is restricted to eutherians, and likely contributes to the complex behavi

35 Eutherians are often mistakenly termed 'placental mammal

36 h America, have been identified variously as eutherians, as basal metatherians (the stem-based clade

37 n the squirrel, six are well-known ancestral eutherian associations (3/21, 4/8, 7/16, 12/22, 14/15, 1

38 This argues that some Late Cretaceous eutherians belong within the crown group Placentalia.

39 Through interaction with SKIP, eutherian beta m acquired new functions as exemplified b

40 Eutherian BetaM has lost its ancestral function and beca

41 beta3 isoforms, indicating the uniqueness of eutherian BetaM interactome.

42 s in structural and functional properties of eutherian BetaM proteins are associated with the increas

43 hiasm of marsupials differs from that of the eutherian brains that have been studied, with uncrossed

44 HSPRY3 localized to the X in all the eutherians, but not marsupial, so it must have been adde

45 The loss of the epipubic bones in eutherians can be related to the evolution of prolonged

46 mparison with both metatherian autosomes and eutherian chromosomes.

47 es of convergent evolution within individual eutherian clades.

48 In contrast, about 20% of eutherian conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) are recen

49 n an embryonic state, as compared with their eutherian counterparts, yet certain features are acceler

50 efined structurally prior to the metatherian/eutherian divergence between 100 and 150 million years a

51 The oldest well documented eutherian-dominated fauna in the world is Dzharakuduk, U

52 rsification of the earliest metatherians and eutherians during the Early Cretaceous.

53 istent with acquisition of imprinting during Eutherian evolution after divergence of Glires from the

54 o 38-fold) on at least four occasions during eutherian evolution, during the evolution of primates, a

55 ay have been selected as a ncRNA gene during eutherian evolution.

56 lity and arboreality were prevalent early in eutherian evolution.

57 Interestingly, three eutherians exhibit radically distinct splice choice expr

58 Here we describe a new eutherian from the Late Cretaceous period of Mongolia, a

59 mmals, including the reconstructed ancestral eutherian gene, are able to up-regulate PRL from the pro

60 Comparison of opossum and eutherian genomes also reveals a sharp difference in evo

61 A similar enrichment is found in other eutherian genomes.

62 he sequencing and comparative analysis of 29 eutherian genomes.

63 These results reveal that the first eutherians had a deeply invasive placenta and imply that

64 romosome formation within this interspecific eutherian hybrid.

65 While phenotypes observed for interspecific eutherian hybrids are suggestive of methylation perturba

66 Previous studies in eutherian hybrids, however, have been limited to a gross

67 erians (including extant marsupials) than to eutherians (including extant placentals).

68 it does share common properties with that of eutherians, including H3K27 trimethylation and targeting

69 of better-preserved specimens of Cretaceous eutherians, including several new species.

70 hat the implantation reaction that occurs in eutherians is derived from an attachment reaction in the

71 between allometric slopes for marsupials and eutherians is no longer significant and the slope differ

72 ture of tammar SF1 is divergent from that of eutherians, its expression profile is similar, supportin

73 stational development existed throughout the eutherian lineage that descended to humans from the last

74 group necessary to better understand our own eutherian lineage, but it enables insights into the inno

75 ker that has been duplicated from YY1 in the eutherian lineage.

76 eages of Mesozoic origin and metatherian and eutherian lineages that probably dispersed to SA during

77 f galectin-1 then became highly conserved in eutherian lineages, suggesting the emergence of hormonal

78 Y chromosome gene repertoires differ between eutherian lineages.

79 rst record of epipubic bones in two distinct eutherian lineages.

80 ergy, relative to body mass, than nearly any eutherian mammal ever measured, including sedentary huma

81 , respectively, of the levels expected for a eutherian mammal of comparable size.

82 agasia', yet how this order relates to other eutherian mammal orders remains unclear despite numerous

83 morphological traits diagnostic of different eutherian mammal orders, they could not be used to resol

84 iously, in a comparison of sequences from 57 eutherian mammal species, we found seven 'highly conserv

85 scribed in albinos of a number of species of eutherian mammal, but have not been studied in marsupial

86 -utans have extremely low energy usage for a eutherian mammal, far lower than their hominid relatives

87 novel structure that led to expansion of the eutherian mammal, including humankind.

88 udy shows that the chiasm of a highly visual eutherian mammal, the tree shrew, is similar to that fou

89 le altruistic behaviour of spermatozoa in an eutherian mammal.

90 ing that nearly 75% can be optimized for any eutherian mammal.

91 for X-chromosome inactivation during female eutherian mammalian development.

92 ical data, we demonstrate that the ancestral eutherian mammalian placenta had the distinctive feature

93 an that for birds (0.681); (b) the slope for eutherian mammals (0.772) is greater than that for marsu

94 tly lower than that observed with nonprimate eutherian mammals (45-70%).

95 rm, the koala) and compared these results to eutherian mammals (e.g., xenarthrans, rodents, primates)

96 last 100 My in the lineages of 10 species of eutherian mammals and 24 species of birds.

97 pt gene function, aligning sequences from 57 eutherian mammals and categorizing amino acid sites by d

98 lar matrix is known as the zona pellucida in eutherian mammals and consists of three glycoproteins, Z

99 h is essential for placentation/pregnancy in eutherian mammals and is a direct regulatory target of t

100 l seven Syncytin genes identified to date in eutherian mammals and is likely to be a major effector o

101 understanding the genetic features common to eutherian mammals and may shed light on the evolution of

102 vs. 443.1 cM), a pattern contrary to that in eutherian mammals and other vertebrates.

103 pecies attained rates comparable to those of eutherian mammals and precocial birds.

104 Extant eutherian mammals and their most recent common ancestor

105 ny developmental functions in marsupials and eutherian mammals are accomplished by different tissues,

106 onstrate that life history differences among eutherian mammals are associated with major transitions

107 lecular changes that support implantation in eutherian mammals are necessary to establish pregnancy.

108 A3s are specific to eutherian mammals because no direct homologs exist at th

109 TCRmu does not have a known homolog in eutherian mammals but has features analogous to a recent

110 subsequently lost in both teleost fishes and eutherian mammals but retained in other lineages.

111 Comparative mapping of the X chromosome in eutherian mammals has revealed distinct regions of conse

112 Marsupial and eutherian mammals have been evolving independently for a

113 Phylogenetically controlled analyses of 161 eutherian mammals indicate that, after controlling for b

114 regarding the relationship of bats to other eutherian mammals is concordant with previous molecular

115 X-chromosome inactivation in eutherian mammals is mediated by the non-coding RNA Xist

116 e chiasmatic structure described to date for eutherian mammals is not ubiquitous, as was previously t

117 is thought to have led to the co-presence in eutherian mammals of oxytocin and vasopressin, which hav

118 enetically directed, stochastic diversity in eutherian mammals on spatial scales that would be predic

119 7%-67%) by comparison with one to five other eutherian mammals or six other simian primates.

120 The placenta has evolved in eutherian mammals primarily to provide nutrients for the

121 Production of male offspring in viviparous eutherian mammals requires a sex-determining mechanism r

122 onductance regulator gene region across nine eutherian mammals reveals a CpG effect.

123 tic analysis of the SNRPN (SmN) mRNA in five eutherian mammals reveals a second highly conserved codi

124 ings suggest that diprotodont marsupials and eutherian mammals share a similar cortical architecture

125 Since many eutherian mammals still maintain a fairly large number o

126 prints and weaker evolutionary constraint in eutherian mammals than older neocortical enhancers.

127 period of pregnancy was a key innovation in eutherian mammals that allowed an extended period of int

128 n their parent of origin, is observed in all eutherian mammals that have been examined.

129 some inactivation is the silencing mechanism eutherian mammals use to equalize the expression of X-li

130 Female eutherian mammals use X chromosome inactivation (XCI) to

131 gnancy in the marsupials and implantation in eutherian mammals using the gray short-tailed opossum (M

132 n zebrafish that was secondarily lost in the eutherian mammals' lineage, including humans, and that i

133 ly, substitution of His(B5) (conserved among eutherian mammals) by Arg (occasionally observed among o

134 ls-which are the closest living relatives to eutherian mammals, although they diverged from the latte

135 ng positive selection in the stem-lineage of eutherian mammals, and (iii) only HoxA-11 proteins from

136 re relatively earlier in Monodelphis than in eutherian mammals, and the subplate becomes less distinc

137 lower than in humans and other marsupial and eutherian mammals, as determined by lymphocyte prolifera

138 -redundancy sequence from a collection of 16 eutherian mammals, beyond the 7 for which genome sequenc

139 In eutherian mammals, biparental DNA methylation marks are

140 ic CpG residues is critical to imprinting in eutherian mammals, but its importance to imprinting in m

141 date, these efforts largely have focused on eutherian mammals, chicken, and fish.

142 In eutherian mammals, dosage compensation of X-linked genes

143 with smaller populations, as represented by eutherian mammals, exhibit a positive correlation betwee

144 lso indicates that like chickens, but unlike eutherian mammals, GC content heterogeneity (isochore st

145 until day 8, suggesting that, in contrast to eutherian mammals, in the opossum alphabeta T cell devel

146 Protamines from eutherian mammals, including bulls and humans, also cont

147 Among eutherian mammals, only primates possess trichromatic co

148 times since the divergence of the orders of eutherian mammals, presumably by viral capture of host g

149 ertebrates and clade-specific alignments for eutherian mammals, primates, birds and fish; variation d

150 Pth4, an ancient parathyroid hormone lost in eutherian mammals, reveals a new brain-to-bone signaling

151 is similar between short-tailed opossums and eutherian mammals, short-tailed opossum have a much lowe

152 tions of V1 are similar to those observed in eutherian mammals, such as connections with V2 and extra

153 In eutherian mammals, such as mice and humans, steroidogeni

154 dentification in animals has been limited to eutherian mammals, suggesting a significant role for int

155 s neurons) resembled those observed in other eutherian mammals, these were usually spiny, which contr

156 For eutherian mammals, this approach suggests that it is unl

157 s are genes of retroviral origin captured by eutherian mammals, with a role in placentation.

158 ting is a conserved epigenetic phenomenon in eutherian mammals, with regards both to the genes that a

159 In eutherian mammals, XCI is thought to be triggered by the

160 ich is essential for successful pregnancy in eutherian mammals.

161 ionary time is roughly equivalent to that of eutherian mammals.

162 has co-evolved with some unique features of eutherian mammals.

163 ces that are conserved between human and six eutherian mammals.

164 c sex chromosomes seen in groups such as the eutherian mammals.

165 the pattern observed during implantation in eutherian mammals.

166 this epigenetic phenomenon is restricted to eutherian mammals.

167 relationships remain unresolved, even among eutherian mammals.

168 ed to be a conserved ancestral chromosome of eutherian mammals.

169 in the rod opsin of both marsupials and all eutherian mammals.

170 sting that it is present in a broad range of Eutherian mammals.

171 pials as well as with studies in a number of eutherian mammals.

172 ying 13 mitochondrial protein data sets from eutherian mammals.

173 arsupial species overlap with those found in eutherian mammals.

174 alized extra-embryonic cells present only in eutherian mammals.

175 rloops and superdomains are conserved across eutherian mammals.

176 eic individuals co-exist during pregnancy in eutherian mammals.

177 wer cellular and neuronal density than other eutherian mammals.

178 activity and hence reproduction in birds and eutherian mammals.

179 a quantity comparable to findings for other eutherian mammals.

180 eterologous cell-fusion process unique among eutherian mammals.

181 SR) are homologous to somatosensory areas in eutherian mammals.

182 and it is the first in a new major clade of eutherian mammals.

183 ared with the X-linked loci from seven other eutherian mammals.

184 of KH-domain containing proteins specific to eutherian mammals.

185 s and snakes, ostariophysan fishes, and most eutherian mammals.

186 ince the time of the last common ancestor of eutherian mammals.

187 ent in GC-rich genes or in other genes among eutherian mammals; indeed, the GC content of GC-rich gen

188 As in eutherians, marsupial H19 is maternally expressed and pa

189 Like eutherians, metatherian (marsupial) mammals have evolved

190 le suggested that Golem originated after the eutherian-metatherian divergence and that the A and B su

191 es before the separation of metatherians and eutherians more than 100 million years ago.

192 noncoding elements that potentially regulate eutherian MSY genes.

193 Here we report the discovery of a new eutherian of 160 Myr from the Jurassic of China, which e

194 those for which sequences from at least four eutherian orders are available with a suitable non-euthe

195 mammalian species representing 17 of the 18 eutherian orders were examined using DNA sequences from

196 y 2 duplicated prior to the radiation of the eutherian orders.

197 and receptor IGF2 binding in marsupials and eutherians, our results also demonstrate that these two

198 ian orders are available with a suitable non-eutherian outgroup.

199 analyses that measure constraint across the eutherian phylogeny.

200 rations required for successful pregnancy in eutherian placental mammals have remained a scientific e

201 s are: 1) The patterns of gene expression in eutherian (placental) mammals are consistent with the no

202 Metatherian and eutherian (placental) mammals are more closely related t

203 se more slowly but prior to the radiation of eutherian (placental) mammals.

204 esis of the higher-level relationships among eutherian (placental) mammals.

205 marsupials and monotremes but not in living eutherian (placental) mammals.

206 Phylogenetically, IFNA family members in eutherians (placental mammals) cluster together in a spe

207 ed with and of similar complexity to that of eutherians (placental mammals).

208 a, which extends the first appearance of the eutherian-placental clade by about 35 Myr from the previ

209 mic molecular program that is reminiscent of eutherian placentation, including both fetal and materna

210 -derived gene that has evolved a function in eutherian placentation.

211 s, with the opossum PMSC sharing features of eutherian PMSC.

212 ules transferred from mother to fetus during eutherian pregnancy, and the metabolic fates of these nu

213 -mouse divergence (and perhaps preceding the eutherian radiation), a processed CDYL transcript retrop

214 as well, suggesting that imprinting predated eutherian radiation.

215 cental" mammals essential for the success of eutherian reproduction.

216 verged less from the ancestral SF1 than have eutherian SF1 proteins.

217 Gene conversion was inferred in every eutherian species analyzed and comparison of the IFNA ge

218 s of 176 mammalian genes from representative eutherian species and at least one marsupial species.

219 In the eutherian species studied to date, uncrossed axons in th

220 to steroid signaling, that are modulated in eutherian species, change expression during opossum gest

221 the wallaby, a diprotodont marsupial, and to eutherian species.

222 ped the evolution of the IFNA gene family in eutherian species.

223 A substantial proportion of these eutherian-specific CNEs arose from sequence inserted by

224 we present multiple lines of evidence that a eutherian-specific multicopy retrogene, DUX4, encodes a

225 3% of recruited genes are within 200 kb of a Eutherian-specific transposable element (MER20).

226 Eutherian spermatozoa are dependent on the environment o

227 jority of positive selection occurred on the eutherian stem lineage suggesting that ancient adaptatio

228 c analysis of well described Late Cretaceous eutherians strongly supports Zalambdalestidae, less stro

229 e the only undisputed pre-Tertiary Gondwanan eutherians, such as Deccanolestes.

230 currence of epipubic bones in two Cretaceous eutherians suggests that the dramatic modifications conn

231 Among eutherians that it yields is Kulbeckia, an 85-90-Myr-old

232 nt in mammalian history is the divergence of eutherians, the clade inclusive of all living placentals

233 In eutherians, the inactive X chromosome in XX females is r

234 In eutherians, the X is subject to meiotic sex chromosome i

235 FX evidently escaped X inactivation in proto-eutherians, which also possessed a very similar Y-linked

236 (40-63 My), primate specific (64-80 My), and eutherian wide (81-150 My).

237 verall enrichment in AT motifs unique to the eutherian X (except for genes that escape X inactivation

238 ate genes that were present on the ancestral eutherian Y chromosome.

239 s of selection constraining the evolution of eutherian Y chromosomes.

240 oses that the paternal X is inherited by the eutherian zygote as a preinactive X and raises the possi