ライフサイエンスコーパス: extinct

1 ee canid subfamilies (two of which have gone extinct).

2 ans suggests that the lineage is most likely extinct.

3 have been categorized as extinct or possibly extinct.

4 d genetic diversity shortly before it became extinct.

5 ssful exotics were more likely to go locally extinct.

6 es the risk of failing to invade or of going extinct.

7 o, including some formerly considered nearly extinct.

8 tionately likely to be threatened or already extinct.

9 because the donor populations are generally extinct.

10 persist; otherwise, the disease will become extinct.

11 and 'losers', species that decline or become extinct.

12 ber of species that have been driven locally extinct.

13 <22 degrees C) are particularly likely to go extinct.

14 t one of their obligate host species will go extinct.

15 tat destruction vary as other species become extinct.

16 ironment in the same way, it could easily go extinct.

17 nds of years after mainland populations went extinct.

18 9)Xe, produced from the radioactive decay of extinct (129)I, and (136)Xe, produced from extinct (244)

19 ause (142)Nd is the decay product of the now-extinct (146)Sm (which has a half-life of 103 million ye

20 n in (182)W, resulting from the decay of now-extinct (182)Hf, among five magmatic iron meteorite grou

21 f extinct (129)I, and (136)Xe, produced from extinct (244)Pu and extant (238)U, have provided importa

22 lobe-finned fish was thought to have become extinct 70 million years ago.

23 Because (129)I became extinct about 100 million years after the formation of t

24 ness declines under inbreeding, and all were extinct after generation 10.

25 cavity and make comparisons with recent and extinct AMHs as well as African apes.

26 lenses on each eye, which is a record among extinct and extant arthropods and is surpassed only by m

27 e and size of paired fins are exemplified by extinct and extant cartilaginous and bony fishes.

28 arger (by length) than the smallest seeds of extinct and extant members of early divergent angiosperm

29 Within both extinct and extant phocoenids, no evidence for specializ

30 ar dynamics are conserved between the oldest extinct and extant root meristems.

31 cells transition to differentiated cells in extinct and extant taxa [11].

32 n a comprehensive study across more than 300 extinct and extant taxa, integrating embryological and p

33 arative analysis of craniodental function in extinct and extant vertebrates.

34 specimen are interpreted by comparison with extinct and extant Xiphosurida arthropods, which survive

35 ismatch in several phylogenetically distant, extinct and extant, arthropod groups.

36 space occupied by Madagascar's lemurs, both extinct and extant.

37 still common but ecologically (functionally) extinct and in a trajectory of further decline.

38 We found that extinct and introduced species have comparable functiona

39 e relatively frequent in simulations of both extinct and living taxa under realistic sampling scenari

40 emism all suggest that, rather than becoming extinct and recently re-invading from outside Antarctica

41 Early multicellular organisms are mostly extinct and the origins of these mechanisms are unknown.

42 Extinct animal behavior has often been inferred from qua

43 Tooth replacement rate can be calculated in extinct animals by counting incremental lines of deposit

44 results show how reconstructing the color of extinct animals can inform on their ecologies beyond wha

45 results show that simple search behaviors of extinct animals in heterogeneous environments give rise

46 We can apply this approach to extinct animals in which the preservation of fossil mela

47 ationships, physiology and behaviour of long extinct animals.

48 or comparing these taxa with both living and extinct animals.

49 at potential sexual signals existed in these extinct animals.

50 knowledge, of Levy-like search strategies in extinct animals.

51 the clypeus hitherto unseen among living and extinct ants and scythe-like mandibles that extend high

52 Evidence from extinct arborescent clades indicates that polar auxin tr

53 A number of extant and extinct archosaurs evolved an elongate, narrow rostrum.

54 uch as hair and filamentous body covering in extinct archosaurs, has not been evaluated.

55 three species that had been considered to be extinct are rediscovered.

56 ous megafaunal mammals, many of which became extinct around 10 kyr bp (before present).

57 to the behavior and physiology of these long-extinct arthropods.

58 type of genetic segmental mismatch in these extinct arthropods.

59 trial ecosystems, but the majority have gone extinct as part of the late-Quaternary extinctions.

60 on lizard (Zootoca vivipara) recently became extinct at lowest elevations due to changes in climate c

61 es invaded by the crayfish, becoming locally extinct at one.

62 careous nannoplankton and foraminifera) went extinct at this time.

63 ionary game theory, producer cells do not go extinct because IGF-II acts as a nonlinear public good,

64 pulation collapse, defectors occasionally go extinct before cooperators by chance, which allows coope

65 ts absence from later units indicates it was extinct before Tyrannosaurus rex dispersed into Laramidi

66 ests suggest that some species may have gone extinct before we knew of their existence.

67 Presence of these extinct birds at both mid and high latitudes on the nort

68 nreliable predictor of locomotor behavior in extinct birds, and probably also pterosaurs and non-avia

69 served fossils provide crucial insights into extinct body plans and organismal evolution.

70 DNA extracted from ancient skulls of the now extinct Botocudo Indians from Brazil.

71 localities elsewhere in the world delimit an extinct but once cosmopolitan Palaeozoic to early Mesozo

72 at 6 of the 36 genera of megafauna that went extinct by approximately 12,700 calibrated y B.P. were h

73 Species may be driven extinct by climate change, unless their populations are

74 llion yr or so, they are likely to have gone extinct by that time as a result of narrow geographical

75 viruses belonging to cluster I, which became extinct by the end of 2009, has been examined in a nonhu

76 ecies to be severely depleted or even driven extinct can be identified decades before those species e

77 The cases in which species declared extinct can be revived are rare.

78 drove the demise and replacement of the two extinct canid subfamilies by increasing their extinction

79 extant birds and mammals and 140 species of extinct Cenozoic marine mollusks.

80 t to distinguish between active and recently extinct centromeres through sequence analysis.

81 Ammonites are a group of extinct cephalopods that garner tremendous interest over

82 cestry from a species previously declared as extinct: Chelonoidis elephantopus or the Floreana tortoi

83 known LNBA strains form a single putatively extinct clade in the Y. pestis phylogeny.

84 Pelagornithidae is an extinct clade of birds characterized by bizarre tooth-li

85 not evolve convergently among the extant and extinct classes of early jawed vertebrates but, rather,

86 7 strains that share an as-yet-unobserved or extinct common ancestor with O157:H7 strains.

87 Our current understanding of these extinct cultures relies primarily on preserved fossils f

88 demonstrate links between the predominantly extinct deep time adaptive radiation of non-avian dinosa

89 arge duplications that introgressed from the extinct Denisova lineage now found at high frequency exc

90 se of mammals, the skulls of many extant and extinct diapsids comprise an open framework of fenestrae

91 spiratory character can be reconstructed for extinct diapsids, and evolved in a small ectothermic tet

92 plexity in calcareous cell-wall coverings of extinct dinoflagellates (pithonellids) from a Tanzanian

93 Inference of colour patterning in extinct dinosaurs has been based on the relationship bet

94 osaurians and share common ancestry with all extinct dinosaurs, our findings support the hypothesis t

95 onservation action for species that might go extinct due to climate change.

96 Although diseases may go extinct due to random loss of effective contacts where t

97 e central Baltic Sea the cod population goes extinct due to the absence of suitable spawning grounds.

98 during warm periods, then declined or became extinct during cold intervals.

99 ightless pigeon endemic to Mauritius, became extinct during the 17(th) century due to anthropogenic a

100 rsupials), previously thought to have become extinct during the Cretaceous mass extinction.

101 wide range of matrilineal lineages from the extinct E. ferus underwent domestication in the Eurasian

102 ving model systems to study features of long-extinct early cellular life.

103 eted these fossil specimens as members of an extinct early diverging clade of the family, associated

104 capacity to determine incubation periods in extinct egg-laying amniotes has implications for dinosau

105 ociated stone artefacts and remains of other extinct endemic fauna, were dated to between about 95 an

106 rsity in the recent past included a range of extinct enigmatic fauna, such as elephant birds, giant l

107 genome originates from an early and largely extinct expansion of anatomically modern humans (AMHs) o

108 r initial populations were more likely to go extinct faster than larger populations.

109 intact cranium and preserved DNA found with extinct fauna in a submerged cave on Mexico's Yucatan Pe

110 that cardiac preservation is possible in the extinct fish Rhacolepis buccalis from the Brazilian Cret

111 utonium in the debris, these measurements of extinct fission products allow for new estimates of the

112 his paper describes an approach to measuring extinct fission products that would allow for the charac

113 or to introduce ecological replacements for extinct forms.

114 xtant octoploid strawberries and a paternal, extinct Fragaria iinumae-like diploid progenitor, probab

115 Mouflon (Ovis aries musimon) became extinct from mainland Europe after the Neolithic, but re

116 carbon dates on paleontological specimens of extinct genera from North and South America with the exp

117 ge individuals of a congener (C. aurita) and extinct giant frogs (Beelzebufo ampinga, Late Cretaceous

118 ecades-old consensus on the relationships of extinct gnathostomes, delivering a new evolutionary fram

119 Plesiosaurians are an extinct group of highly derived Mesozoic marine reptiles

120 Conodonts are an extinct group of jawless vertebrates whose tooth-like el

121 Corystosperms, a key extinct group of Late Permian to Early Cretaceous plants

122 tes the homology of the anterior sclerite in extinct groups (e.g., fuxianhuiids, bivalved forms, arti

123 d that focuses on the population genetics of extinct groups and ancestral populations (i.e., populati

124 DNA sequence information to be obtained from extinct groups, even in the absence of fossilized remain

125 oposed as specialized pollinators of various extinct gymnosperms, but pollen has never been observed

126 vonian Eophalangium sheari, as members of an extinct harvestman clade.

127 Knowledge of extinct herbivore community structuring is essential for

128 and are an intensively studied group of nine extinct herbivore species, yet many details of their die

129 Sequencing the genomes of extinct hominids has reshaped our understanding of moder

130 the ancestors of modern non-Africans and now extinct hominids such as Neanderthals and Denisovans.

131 mo naledi is a previously-unknown species of extinct hominin discovered within the Dinaledi Chamber o

132 miting functional genomic insights about our extinct hominin relatives.

133 small proportion of ancestry from an unknown extinct hominin, and this ancestry is absent from Europe

134 of potential interbreeding between human and extinct hominines.

135 onary and phylogenetic relationships between extinct hominins (human ancestors) and anatomically mode

136 Extinct hominins, including pre-Holocene Homo sapiens, r

137 y complete picture of feeding adaptations in extinct hominins.

138 eding between anatomically modern humans and extinct hominins; the development of an increasingly det

139 ceptors are believed to have evolved from an extinct homodimeric ancestor through a process of gene d

140 es new insights into the entry pathway of an extinct human virus and provides a powerful tool to furt

141 erence in the overall pace of growth in this extinct human.

142 frican subspecies (D. b. longipes), declared extinct in 2011, extends into southern Kenya, where a ha

143 Many nonbovid C4 grazers became extinct in Africa, notably the suid Notochoerus, the hip

144 mate populations in our experiment should go extinct in around 20 y.

145 e David's deer, Elaphurus davidianus) became extinct in China in the early 20(th) century but was rei

146 ing of mtDNA from a boreal species currently extinct in Iberia (Lepus timidus) whose mitochondria hav

147 tical, and whether they will go functionally extinct in the future, are fraught with uncertainty.

148 ed for seed dispersal by megafauna that went extinct in the late Pleistocene.

149 ation can oscillate persistently, or even go extinct in the long run.

150 rds of the populations on these islands went extinct in the period between first human arrival and Eu

151 This taxon is nowadays extinct in the wild but its germline subsists through it

152 PHs became extinct in the wild in the 1960s but survived in captivi

153 Although the 'Alala became extinct in the wild in the early 2000s, and currently su

154 aution when considering felid populations as extinct in the wild.

155 es that we assessed are classed as "possibly extinct." Invasive mammalian predators endanger a furthe

156 ncertainty about whether or not a species is extinct is common, because rare and highly threatened sp

157 environmental epochs before fixing or going extinct, its fate is not necessarily determined by its t

158 reasing the known morphological disparity of extinct lampreys, a chordate affinity for T. gregarium r

159 precarious survival, defined by not becoming extinct, like Norse Greenland, but having endured, somet

160 d replacement of ancient rainforest-dwelling extinct lineages by antecedents of xeric-tolerant extant

161 widespread coal formation, was dominated by extinct lineages of early-diverging vascular plants.

162 ption for reconstructing relationships among extinct lineages, but often find support for conflicting

163 a better knowledge of the specializations of extinct mammals that evolved under strong environmental

164 estimate the proportion of missing (presumed extinct) mammals that are incorrectly assigned extinctio

165 the molar dentition of this strange group of extinct marsupials.

166 on to serving as ecological replacements for extinct Mauritian tortoises, we found that releasing sma

167 the expectation that the initial decline of extinct megafauna should correspond in time with the ini

168 mic approach to resolving the systematics of extinct megafauna will allow for an improved understandi

169 catter-hoarding rodents could substitute for extinct megafaunal seed dispersers of tropical large-see

170 s may be the first documented example of an 'extinct' meteorite, that is, a meteorite type that does

171 ll-crushing capability matched only by other extinct molluscivores such as the marine bear Kolponomos

172 K111 proviruses appear in the genomes of the extinct Neanderthal and Denisovan, while modern humans h

173 Early ichthyosauromorphs quickly became extinct near the Early-Middle Triassic boundary, during

174 ber showing that hard ticks and ticks of the extinct new family Deinocrotonidae fed on blood from fea

175 ia first split into Xenarthra and Epitheria; extinct New World species are the oldest members of Afro

176 The extinct 'New World stilt-legged', or NWSL, equids consti

177 tes, but presumably prefer larger prey, went extinct on the islands.

178 because they bear little resemblance to any extinct or living South American primate, but they do be

179 of 99 mammals that have been categorized as extinct or possibly extinct.

180 emporary representatives, and thus is either extinct or unsampled in wild rodent reservoirs.

181 everal living and fossil carnivorans and the extinct order Creodonta in which it is associated with h

182 This recently extinct order of mammals evolved in a context of importa

183 that resurrects ancestral proteins from now-extinct organisms to test, in the laboratory, models of

184 raging behavior and the search strategies of extinct organisms.

185 require the robust phylogenetic placement of extinct organisms.

186 ssue anatomy and to reconstruct behaviors of extinct organisms.

187 The extinct passenger pigeon was once the most abundant bird

188 ete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of two extinct passenger pigeons (Ectopistes migratorius) using

189 ale, was to consider them representatives of extinct phyla.

190 ina, was described in 1891 as the only known extinct placental "insectivore" from South America (SA).

191 No large group of recently extinct placental mammals remains as evolutionarily cryp

192 have been due to either the presence of now-extinct plague foci in Europe itself, or successive dise

193 eading to the decline of several now-rare or extinct plant species.

194 whole plant' physiological reconstruction of extinct plants and the potential of vascular plants to h

195 ow differently and to what degree these long-extinct plants influenced the environment.

196 ecognized representatives of the now largely extinct Pleistocene megafauna.

197 l impacts of a small population of people on extinct Pleistocene megafauna.

198 Describing the evolutionary dynamics of now extinct populations is challenging, as their genetic com

199 ity of ancient DNA to answer questions about extinct populations which includes species identity, pot

200 ms used to vitalize or restore declining and extinct populations.

201 ntrogression from individuals from wild, now-extinct populations.

202 Here we describe a new species of extinct porpoise, Semirostrum ceruttii, from the marine

203 from the E belt, an extended and now largely extinct portion of the asteroid belt between 1.7 and 2.1

204 allowing molecular rates to be predicted for extinct primates.

205 c values for a large phylogeny of living and extinct primates.

206 Salmon (Salmo salar) populations that became extinct prior to scientific study.

207 t" (that is, synthesize in vivo or in vitro) extinct proteins to study how they differ from modern pr

208 million known recent species are recorded as extinct, questioning the reality of the crisis.

209 the links between extant diversity and major extinct radiations are unclear.

210 Species are going extinct rapidly, while taxonomic catalogues are still in

211 Fossils of mammals and their extinct relatives among cynodonts give evidence of corre

212 The closest extinct relatives of dinosaurs either have highly derive

213 tant birds and crocodilians as well as their extinct relatives, such as pterosaurs and dinosaurs.

214 al sequences of modern retroviruses or their extinct relatives.

215 distinguishes us from our closest living and extinct relatives.

216 of our short human face from our long-faced extinct relatives.

217 as elapsed, we conclude that both extant and extinct rhizomorphic lycopsids have the same rootlet sys

218 iassic and the Jurassic, ichthyosaurs became extinct roughly 30 million years before the end-Cretaceo

219 Biology, Cai and colleagues [1] described an extinct rove beetle, Cretotrichopsenius burmiticus, from

220 -evidence approach allows the integration of extinct scale insects into a phylogenetic framework, res

221 angiosperms from other groups of extant and extinct seed plants.

222 CAIs contain evidence of now extinct short-lived radioisotopes (e.g., (26)Al, (41)Ca,

223 At 50 kg in estimated weight, the extinct Siamogale melilutra is larger than all living ot

224 estrial vertebrates, 322 species have become extinct since 1500, and populations of the remaining spe

225 mammal from continental North America became extinct since European settlement.

226 Placoderms comprise an extinct sister clade or grade to the clade containing ch

227 Applied to the tooth row of all extinct sloths, these developmental data illuminate a po

228 Moreover, legs may have re-emerged in extinct snake lineages [1-5], suggesting that the mechan

229 ajority of species that have ever lived went extinct sometime other than during one of the great mass

230 hain, species at higher trophic level become extinct sooner with increasing patch loss and fragmentat

231 ual mix of morphological traits displayed by extinct South American native ungulates (SANUs) confound

232 as a remarkable tool to infer the history of extinct species and past populations.

233 etic relationships and population history of extinct species and to investigate genetic evolution dir

234 The evolutionary relationships of extinct species are ascertained primarily through the an

235 sequencing in investigating the phylogeny of extinct species as a viable alternative to ancient DNA (

236 Introduced and extinct species did not have equivalent functional roles

237 lecular fossils, the enzymatic repertoire of extinct species has remained largely unknown to date.

238 skeletal plastron is found in all extant and extinct species of crown turtles found to date and is sy

239 ed one of Madagascar's least well-understood extinct species since its discovery in the 19(th) centur

240 the adaptive nature of phenotypic traits in extinct species such as South American notoungulates.

241 uld prevent species losses and allow locally extinct species to recolonize former habitats.

242 ed skull shape variation in 34 extant and 18 extinct species using size-adjusted linear variables.

243 are likely to survive to the present, while extinct species will tend to be those whose ranges, by c

244 nity to compare the brain morphology of this extinct species with a related extant species, the Afric

245 marked reduction in their ability to replace extinct species with new ones, making them vulnerable to

246 this mechanism can perpetuate the genome of extinct species, based on new genetic data from Pelophyl

247 ted owing to the challenge of accounting for extinct species, making it difficult to accurately deter

248 among seven hominoid species, including two extinct species, Neanderthal and Denisovan.

249 logy and to improve locomotor inferences for extinct species, we compare 3D vector measurements of he

250 ay therefore provide the only means to bring extinct species--or, more accurately, extinct traits--ba

251 els the topical controversy of reviving long extinct species.

252 rds and properties of the vocal organ in the extinct species.

253 taxa and one containing a massive number of extinct species.

254 alyses also inform dietary reconstruction in extinct species.

255 ficient way to infer evolutionary history of extinct species.

256 ty and have been used to infer locomotion in extinct species.

257 hology is often used to infer the ecology of extinct species.

258 We found an extinct spreading ridge in the Gulf of Mexico, a major p

259 This has been challenging for long extinct stem-groups.

260 is the product of hybridization between the extinct steppe bison (Bison priscus) and ancestors of mo

261 New research suggests they may have gone extinct stepwise, during one of the most extreme greenho

262 Here, we reexamined the morphology of extinct stigmarian systems preserved as compression foss

263 wn Opiliones fossil, which represents a new, extinct suborder.

264 NA that might have been introgressed from an extinct Sus species.

265 The morphological study of extinct taxa allows for analysis of a diverse set of mac

266 uction of colour over much greater ranges of extinct taxa and anatomy.

267 ial morphology facilitates comparisons among extinct taxa and extant taxa with known behavioral chara

268 also show that, when using strict criteria, extinct taxa marked by deep divergence times and a lack

269 Problematic fossils, extinct taxa of enigmatic morphology that cannot be assi

270 s about the underlying organization in these extinct taxa to be made, as some of the fundamental gene

271 r, a crown archosaur with shared ancestry to extinct taxa, including dinosaurs.

272 en evaluating form/function relationships in extinct taxa.

273 dern lissamphibian orders and a diversity of extinct temnospondyl amphibians, including stereospondyl

274 e to trace their evolution in a phylogeny of extinct tetrapods.

275 opulation of cooperators is less prone to go extinct than a population of defectors, whereas in the u

276 bring extinct species--or, more accurately, extinct traits--back to life.

277 ology of six northern European species of an extinct tribe of pollen-basket-bearing apine bees, Elect

278 When taxa go extinct, unique evolutionary history is lost.

279 wards lower preferred Fr is also apparent in extinct vertebrate species.

280 s available to study the thermophysiology of extinct vertebrates are limited.

281 eristics provide clues regarding behavior of extinct vertebrates, phylogenetically-informed evaluatio

282 rns for island populations of threatened and extinct vertebrates.

283 causes, which is unusual for both living and extinct vertebrates.

284 rthwestern atolls and pinnacles, remnants of extinct volcanoes.

285 Fossils attributable to the extinct waterfowl clade Presbyornithidae and the large f

286 For replicates that went extinct, we calculated warning time as the number of yea

287 that should cause interacting species to go extinct when rare.

288 m that frog metapopulations are likely to go extinct when they lack environmental refuges from diseas

289 Intolerant populations may become locally extinct, whereas other species respond positively to the

290 g which host species are likely to be driven extinct while management action is still possible.

291 re benefits than it gives drives its partner extinct), while a trade-off between competitive ability

292 es and defined KIR sequences of aurochs, the extinct wild ancestor of domestic cattle.

293 Domestication of the now-extinct wild aurochs, Bos primigenius, gave rise to the

294 both the population genetic structure of the extinct wild progenitor of domestic horses, Equus ferus,

295 s Vulnerable, because 50% of replicates went extinct within 20 years of becoming uplisted to Critical

296 ation, and are at increased risk of becoming extinct within an isolated population.

297 cies so rare and threatened that some become extinct within years of discovery.

298 Although both species became extinct without fragmentation, prey survived at low and

299 with many species having originated and gone extinct without leaving a tangible record.

300 he hypothesis that dogs were derived from an extinct wolf population.