ライフサイエンスコーパス: extraembryonic

1 Zinc-finger protein that is expressed in the extraembryonic amnioserosa and the endodermal midgut pri

2 ecdysone receptor is first activated in the extraembryonic amnioserosa, implicating this tissue as a

3 ll populations, the dorsal epidermis and the extraembryonic amnioserosa.

4 fication of dorsal cell fates, including the extraembryonic amnioserosa.

5 Vasculogenesis occurred, but extraembryonic and embryonic blood vessels were disorgan

6 during initiation of X inactivation in both extraembryonic and embryonic cells and is accompanied by

7 Smad4, Smad5 only becomes essential later in extraembryonic and embryonic development.

8 regulatory network and roughly correspond to extraembryonic and embryonic fates of cell differentiati

9 ement for ECR2 in driving Bmp4 expression in extraembryonic and embryonic mesoderm.

10 mbryo is patterned by signals emanating from extraembryonic and embryonic signalling centres, most no

11 Our findings suggest that the segregation of extraembryonic and embryonic tissues within the mammalia

12 atriptase is co-expressed with HAI-1 in both extraembryonic and embryonic tissues.

13 orial placentation and thus nutrient flow to extraembryonic and embryonic tissues.

14 In addition, morphological defects in other extraembryonic and embryonic vascular organs suggest a g

15 b(-/-) embryos and reveal the convergence of extraembryonic and fetal functions of Rb in neural and e

16 l phenotypes requires the loss of Rb in both extraembryonic and fetal tissues.

17 ons of Nodal-related ligands from embryonic, extraembryonic and maternal sources remain uncertain.

18 ude that Furin activity is essential in both extraembryonic and precardiac mesoderm, and in definitiv

19 a plays a critical role in the regulation of extraembryonic angiogenesis.

20 Lim1 is a homeobox gene expressed in the extraembryonic anterior visceral endoderm and in primiti

21 Extraembryonic arterial vessels contain hematopoietic cl

22 Our functional data strongly suggest that extraembryonic arteries can actively contribute to adult

23 of genes with aberrant allelic expression in extraembryonic, as well as embryonic tissues.

24 tages of embryogenesis in both embryonic and extraembryonic basement membranes.

25 l yolk sac and the embryo, including stunted extraembryonic blood vessel formation, delayed entry int

26 markers asymmetrically on the embryonic and extraembryonic border, in response to Wnt and BMP signal

27 cendants are distributed along the embryonic/extraembryonic boundary by headfold stages at 7.5 d.p.c.

28 arms of the E2F family that is essential for extraembryonic cell proliferation, placental development

29 eficient in Sox17 fail to differentiate into extraembryonic cell types and maintain expression of plu

30 embryonic cell lineages but rarely generate extraembryonic cell types.

31 ts, occurring mostly, if not exclusively, in extraembryonic cells as was expected from previous studi

32 on of imprinted X-chromosome inactivation in extraembryonic cells but not of random X inactivation in

33 gastrulation and later in both embryonic and extraembryonic cells during gastrulation.

34 transfer, while the Xi of differentiated or extraembryonic cells is irreversible by nuclear transfer

35 ogether, our results indicate that ActRIA in extraembryonic cells plays a major role in early gastrul

36 ls, including germ cell progenitors, but not extraembryonic cells, become hypersensitive to genotoxic

37 (2) Consistent with ActRIA expression in the extraembryonic cells, wild-type ES cells failed to rescu

38 ar complementation with wild-type tetraploid extraembryonic cells.

39 t form the boundary between the maternal and extraembryonic compartments.

40 o related roles for Xenopus HNF3beta and the extraembryonic component of mammalian HNF3beta during ve

41 ophila melanogaster has an extremely reduced extraembryonic component, the amnioserosa.

42 a lineage previously defined as exclusively extraembryonic contributes cells to the embryo.

43 mbryonic germ-layer formation in response to extraembryonic cues.

44 -null embryos yet fail to rescue skeletal or extraembryonic defects.

45 displaying descendants in both embryonic and extraembryonic derivatives.

46 1, show non-hematopoietic defects related to extraembryonic development and neurogenesis, respectivel

47 ded life span in Caenorhabditis elegans, and extraembryonic development and stress resistance in mamm

48 Extraembryonic development is familiar to mouse research

49 both the terminology and awareness of insect extraembryonic development--which were last common curre

50 ophila, in which zen controls all aspects of extraembryonic development.

51 red for heart, vascular, neuronal, limb, and extraembryonic development.

52 patterning and die by E10.5 due to aberrant extraembryonic development.

53 toward capturing pluripotent stem cells with extraembryonic developmental potentials in culture and o

54 Crucial roles in extraembryonic differentiation have been identified for

55 yonic lineage genes, and a predisposition to extraembryonic differentiation.

56 nals from the yolk syncytial layer (YSL), an extraembryonic domain, are required for mesoderm and end

57 Within the extraembryonic domain, Of-zen is expressed in the outer

58 is expressed in both the trophoblast-derived extraembryonic ectoderm (ExE) and in the epiblast-derive

59 e communication between the epiblast and the extraembryonic ectoderm (ExE) of the developing mouse em

60 t stem (TS) cells in response to FGF4 in the extraembryonic ectoderm (ExE) that gives rise to tissues

61 derm was from nonneural regions, we utilized extraembryonic ectoderm (the proamnion) and transplanted

62 Bmp8b of the 60A class are expressed in the extraembryonic ectoderm and targeted mutation of either

63 gastrulation defect in chimeras in which the extraembryonic ectoderm and visceral endoderm were deriv

64 lastocyst outgrowths increased the number of extraembryonic ectoderm cells, suggesting a continuing r

65 imal epiblast cells that are adjacent to the extraembryonic ectoderm during gastrulation.

66 , for the establishment and proliferation of extraembryonic ectoderm from polar trophectoderm.

67 Our results show that extraembryonic ectoderm has the capacity to form neural

68 es the pluripotent epiblast distally and the extraembryonic ectoderm proximally.

69 mutants display severe defects in epiblast, extraembryonic ectoderm, and anterior visceral endoderm

70 expression in the ectoplacental cone, in the extraembryonic ectoderm, and in trophoblast giant cells

71 y trophoblast-derived ectoplacental cone and extraembryonic ectoderm, as well as in the yolk sac and

72 In the extraembryonic ectoderm, in which cells undergo a standa

73 equirement for the gene in both epiblast and extraembryonic ectoderm, the multipotent precursors of a

74 ic day 6.5 expressed activated ERK1/2 in the extraembryonic ectoderm, whereas erk2 mutant embryos had

75 Previous studies have demonstrated that extraembryonic ectoderm-derived BMP4 and BMP8B are both

76 in the mouse embryo is regulated not only by extraembryonic ectoderm-derived BMP4 and BMP8B, but also

77 Extraembryonic ectoderm-derived factors instruct the plu

78 differentiation programs in the epiblast and extraembryonic ectoderm.

79 lantation embryo into the early epiblast and extraembryonic ectoderm.

80 the human chorioamnion at birth, the insect extraembryonic (EE) tissues - the amnion and serosa - ac

81 luripotency gene expression and up-regulates extraembryonic endoderm (ExEn) genes, revealing a conser

82 he fetal yolk sac, a tissue derived from the extraembryonic endoderm (ExEn).

83 Fibroblast growth factor from the extraembryonic endoderm (hypoblast, a cell layer unique

84 erm (PrE) of the blastocyst, and PrE-derived eXtraembryonic ENdoderm (XEN) cells can be propagated in

85 nes functioning in differentiation toward an extraembryonic endoderm cell fate.

86 of Mct8 by RAR is likely to be important for extraembryonic endoderm development and neural different

87 -4 and GATA-6 have determining role in mouse extraembryonic endoderm development.

88 Recent studies in mouse suggest that the extraembryonic endoderm has an important role in early e

89 ping neural tube; HNF3beta expression in the extraembryonic endoderm is also necessary for the proper

90 The formation of extraembryonic endoderm is one of the earliest steps in

91 Several lines of evidence suggest that the extraembryonic endoderm of vertebrate embryos plays an i

92 programing of multiple cell types to induced extraembryonic endoderm stem (iXEN) cells.

93 In mice, the extraembryonic endoderm supplies nutrients to the embryo

94 roviding GATA6-null embryos with a wild-type extraembryonic endoderm with the use of tetraploid embry

95 st lineage, and at transient high levels for extraembryonic endoderm, but also indirectly through its

96 We show that Bmi1 is enriched in the extraembryonic (endoderm [XEN] and trophectodermal stem

97 s surrounded by an outer layer of primitive (extraembryonic) endoderm, which subsequently gives rise

98 erentiate into embryoid bodies (EBs) or into extraembryonic endodermal (ExE) cells as a model for cel

99 nd localized to the brush-border membrane of extraembryonic endodermal cells.

100 n permeable lateral membranes exposed to the extraembryonic environment, explaining why electrophysio

101 These findings show that extraembryonic EPCR expression is critical for embryo de

102 ndothelial cells from E13.5, suggesting that extraembryonic EPCR expression may be essential for embr

103 Our results demonstrate that extraembryonic epiblast cells previously shown to be res

104 ick embryo by juxtaposing these tissues with extraembryonic epiblast or neural plate explants.

105 The extraembryonic epigenome includes specific de novo methy

106 How the two extraembryonic epithelia evolved into one is unclear.

107 In most other insects two extraembryonic epithelia, serosa and amnion, line the in

108 flies including Drosophila develop a single extraembryonic epithelium (amnioserosa), which closes th

109 The amnioserosa is an extraembryonic epithelium that evolved in higher cyclorr

110 etle Tribolium are protected by a serosa, an extraembryonic epithelium that is present in all insects

111 ibits a gap at the dorsal side covered by an extraembryonic epithelium, the amnioserosa (AS).

112 ition of a molecular signature comparable to extraembryonic (ex) VE.

113 This tissue, although it has an extraembryonic fate, plays a role in axis determination

114 Further, extraembryonic gata activity is required for this functi

115 These results suggest that an extraembryonic genetic program, which has evolved to sup

116 An EMBO workshop entitled 'Embryonic-Extraembryonic Interfaces' took place in Gottingen, Germ

117 In addition, several extraembryonic lesions are observed.

118 Defects in the extraembryonic lineage are probably the major cause of t

119 intenance of imprinted X inactivation in the extraembryonic lineage can tolerate extensive demethylat

120 with an increased propensity of ES cells for extraembryonic lineage differentiation.

121 fically targeted to and negatively regulates extraembryonic lineage gene expression in embryonic stem

122 w aberrant H2A.X deposition, upregulation of extraembryonic lineage genes, and a predisposition to ex

123 ts roles during trophoblast development, the extraembryonic lineage that gives rise to the placenta.

124 lls of the preimplantation embryo and in the extraembryonic lineage, and random, which occurs in soma

125 ell factor that determines commitment to the extraembryonic lineage, directly binds Xist and activate

126 n the visceral endoderm, a derivative of the extraembryonic lineage, was unaffected in Dnmt1 mutant e

127 velopment of the primitive endoderm (PE), an extraembryonic lineage.

128 tent stem cells, yielding both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages and strongly inducing MuERV-L (M

129 fferential methylation between embryonic and extraembryonic lineages at promoters of lineage regulato

130 control proliferation or differentiation of extraembryonic lineages but rather regulates the morphog

131 In blastocysts, embryonic and extraembryonic lineages first show different epigenetic

132 entiation in the absence of BMP4 but specify extraembryonic lineages in the presence of BMP4.

133 chimeric contribution to both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages in vivo and permits generating s

134 printed X inactivation occurs exclusively in extraembryonic lineages of mouse embryos, whereas cells

135 hese results demonstrate that Rb function in extraembryonic lineages plays an important role in the s

136 yonic day 12.5 (E12.5) due to the failure of extraembryonic lineages to develop and replicate DNA pro

137 while Fgfr2 expression becomes restricted to extraembryonic lineages, including the PrE.

138 ase of the cell cycle and differentiation to extraembryonic lineages.

139 c finger protein, and causes a unique set of extraembryonic malformations, including ruffling of the

140 he hyaline layer of echinoderm embryos is an extraembryonic matrix that functions as a substrate for

141 ed prior to gastrulation displaying impaired extraembryonic membrane formation and endoderm different

142 thologues, it is not detectable in the inner extraembryonic membrane, the amnion.

143 Ultimately, the extraembryonic membranes fail to rupture in zen(RNAi) eg

144 katatrepsis, essential reorganization by the extraembryonic membranes that repositions the embryo.

145 the uterine lumen for conceptus (embryo and extraembryonic membranes) development have not been eluc

146 ation conceptus (embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes).

147 ain the ancestral complement of two distinct extraembryonic membranes, amnion and serosa.

148 lk sac is phylogenetically the oldest of the extraembryonic membranes.

149 demonstrated critical role of huntingtin in extraembryonic membranes.

150 ther tissues of mesodermal origin, including extraembryonic membranes.

151 wall closure, and encasement of the fetus in extraembryonic membranes.

152 c ectoderm (ExE) and in the epiblast-derived extraembryonic mesoderm (ExM), in which the PGCs, allant

153 Depleting Zfp568 affects the ability of extraembryonic mesoderm cells to migrate.

154 support previously undescribed roles of the extraembryonic mesoderm in yolk sac morphogenesis and in

155 These results show that BMP4 produced in the extraembryonic mesoderm is directly influencing the SMAD

156 ruffling of the yolk sac membrane, defective extraembryonic mesoderm morphogenesis and vasculogenesis

157 y non-cardiogenic posterior mesoderm and the extraembryonic mesoderm of the amnion.

158 It is first expressed in the extraembryonic mesoderm of the yolk sac within the morph

159 y migrate from their initial location in the extraembryonic mesoderm to the genital ridge, the gonada

160 ives, including the primitive heart, gut and extraembryonic mesoderm, whereas it is nonessential in t

161 in embryonic-derived lineages, including the extraembryonic mesoderm.

162 ve streak-stage embryos being located in the extraembryonic mesodermal component of the visceral yolk

163 at the co-disruption of extraembryonic Ndr2, extraembryonic Ndr1 and maternal Ndr1 eliminates endoder

164 We further show that the co-disruption of extraembryonic Ndr2, extraembryonic Ndr1 and maternal Nd

165 , apoptosis, and impaired differentiation in extraembryonic, neural, and erythroid lineages, culminat

166 of the Anterior Visceral Endoderm (AVE), an extraembryonic organizer that controls the position of t

167 e Anterior Visceral Endoderm (AVE), an early extraembryonic organizer tissue.

168 lastocoel cavity and later gives rise to the extraembryonic parietal and visceral endoderm.

169 Gpbox is expressed in the extraembryonic placenta and within the germ cells of the

170 l hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche in the extraembryonic placenta, in addition to previously ident

171 wever, PSCs show limited contribution to the extraembryonic placental tissues in vivo.

172 s embryonic stem cells in vitro, whereas the extraembryonic pool contributes to the placenta and gene

173 tants were smaller than controls, lacked the extraembryonic portion of the egg cylinder, and appeared

174 Here we analyze the role of extraembryonic Rb in regulating proliferation, apoptosis

175 Abnormal localization of mesoderm to the extraembryonic region did not appear to be due to a rest

176 the trophectoderm, a subset of cells in the extraembryonic region of the postimplantation embryo and

177 the columnar visceral endoderm cells in the extraembryonic region.

178 of the embryo to a position adjacent to the extraembryonic region.

179 no mass displacement of visceral endoderm to extraembryonic regions concomitant with the emergence of

180 tionship between the posterior embryonic and extraembryonic regions of the mammalian gastrula is poor

181 embryonic development, despite the absolute extraembryonic requirement for Dp1, which is highly remi

182 is of pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells, extraembryonic-restricted trophoblast stem (TS) cells, a

183 ng the anterior visceral endoderm (AVE), the extraembryonic signaling center that initiates anterior

184 signaling components that promote embryonic-extraembryonic signaling cross-talk, which is essential

185 xpectedly finding that it is inactive in the extraembryonic structures at postimplantation stages.

186 ying blastoderm, revealing an involvement of extraembryonic structures in anterior patterning in fish

187 lent of the mouse visceral endoderm and that extraembryonic structures may regulate early embryonic p

188 the specification and/or differentiation of extraembryonic structures that include the yolk sac, pla

189 hoectoderm (a shell of cells that later form extraembryonic structures).

190 embryo, for the establishment of functional extraembryonic structures, and for the execution of full

191 decisions, regulation of the development of extraembryonic structures, embryonic patterning, and man

192 are also severe defects in mesoderm-derived extraembryonic structures, including the allantois, bloo

193 nal organs) was only thought to give rise to extraembryonic structures.

194 gg first devotes itself to the production of extraembryonic structures.

195 eas the basal daughter cell forms the mostly extraembryonic suspensor.

196 neages: one embryonic, the epiblast, and two extraembryonic, the trophoblast and primitive endoderm.

197 The trophectoderm is the first extraembryonic tissue and does not contribute to the emb

198 espectively, we show that after zen RNAi all extraembryonic tissue becomes indistinguishable from amn

199 show that reconstitution of TM expression in extraembryonic tissue by aggregation of tetraploid wild-

200 re (DC), a morphogenetic process in which an extraembryonic tissue called the amnioserosa contracts a

201 ate the signaling between the uterus and the extraembryonic tissue for the proper formation of the pl

202 g that the defect observed in the developing extraembryonic tissue is caused by a very specific loss

203 ed the expression and function of zen in the extraembryonic tissue of lower Cyclorrhapha.

204 on differences between species with distinct extraembryonic tissue organizations and the conserved re

205 anog-like in regulating the formation of the extraembryonic tissue required for endoderm induction.

206 f the teleost yolk syncytial layer (YSL), an extraembryonic tissue that underlies the entire blastode

207 t embryonic day (E) 3.5 and is maintained in extraembryonic tissue through E7.5, compatible with an e

208 Of-zen is not expressed in the extraembryonic tissue until relatively late, suggesting

209 The mouse anterior visceral endoderm, an extraembryonic tissue, expresses several genes essential

210 ing early development, SR-BI is expressed in extraembryonic tissue, specifically in trophoblast giant

211 he loss of postgastrular zen expression from extraembryonic tissue, that the early broad expression d

212 re remarkably similar to those induced by an extraembryonic tissue, the hypoblast, and are normally e

213 of gastrulation in a restricted region of an extraembryonic tissue, the yolk syncytial layer, that di

214 Developmentally, Rsk4 is expressed in extraembryonic tissue, where RTK signals are known to ha

215 hers develop into the primitive endoderm, an extraembryonic tissue.

216 ortion of the yolk syncytial layer (YSL), an extraembryonic tissue.

217 ment; however, severe G6PD deficiency in the extraembryonic tissues (consequent on selective inactiva

218 The GFP cells in the extraembryonic tissues and fetuses of tetraploid ESC chi

219 riod determined by gene expression levels in extraembryonic tissues and the endometrial response to a

220 n, when it becomes specifically expressed in extraembryonic tissues and the germline.

221 Extraembryonic tissues appeared relatively normal at E6.

222 triguing parallel with the role of mammalian extraembryonic tissues as a critical source of steroid h

223 d developmental arrest of both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues at early postimplantation (approx

224 through this type I receptor is essential in extraembryonic tissues at the time of gastrulation for n

225 After implantation, imprinted silencing in extraembryonic tissues becomes globalized and more compl

226 In vertebrates, extraembryonic tissues can act as signaling centers that

227 urther examination of Rsk4 expression in the extraembryonic tissues demonstrates that its expression

228 ouse embryos, suggesting a signaling role in extraembryonic tissues during development.

229 ctive interactions between the embryonic and extraembryonic tissues establish the anterior-posterior

230 um, demonstrating a requirement for SMAD2 in extraembryonic tissues for the generation of an A-P axis

231 r endoderm-derived tissues develop, although extraembryonic tissues form.

232 Recent work shows that BMP4 produced in extraembryonic tissues initiates gastrulation.

233 tissues: expression of TM in non-endothelial extraembryonic tissues is required for proper function o

234 rocesses that control morphogenesis of these extraembryonic tissues is still limited.

235 suggest that the evolutionary innovation of extraembryonic tissues may have required co-option of DN

236 of an X chromosome-linked eGFP transgene in extraembryonic tissues occurred correctly in 4n embryos.

237 Smad2-dependent signals arising in the extraembryonic tissues of early mouse embryos serve to r

238 In marsupials and in extraembryonic tissues of placental mammals, X inactivat

239 tivation of the paternal X chromosome in the extraembryonic tissues of the mouse, suggesting that DUS

240 expressed in cartilage, hair follicles, and extraembryonic tissues of the placenta.

241 es that are imprinted in both the embryo and extraembryonic tissues show extensive conservation betwe

242 developing into a whole organism, including extraembryonic tissues such as placenta.

243 eir developmental potential in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues through miRNAs.

244 intricate interactions between embryonic and extraembryonic tissues to orchestrate and coordinate mor

245 narily older imprinting mechanism limited to extraembryonic tissues was based on histone modification

246 oss of epiblast cells, expansion of proximal extraembryonic tissues, and a distal, mislocalized anter

247 bryogenesis and was particularly abundant in extraembryonic tissues, including trophoblast giant cell

248 te and generally lack organized mesoderm and extraembryonic tissues, resulting in smaller embryos com

249 however, shows that Arkadia functions within extraembryonic tissues, revealing that these are require

250 In the presence of wild-type extraembryonic tissues, Smad2-deficient embryos develope

251 Without maternal or extraembryonic tissues, the PASE self-organizes into an

252 BMP signaling specifies two extraembryonic tissues, the serosa and amnion, in basal-

253 ormally found in preimplantation embryos and extraembryonic tissues, was not observed in blastocysts

254 factors required to promote morphogenesis of extraembryonic tissues.

255 a novel role of ZFP568 in the development of extraembryonic tissues.

256 notypes in both embryos and their associated extraembryonic tissues.

257 kely enabling the accelerated development of extraembryonic tissues.

258 dequate levels of retinoids in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.

259 al for the development of both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.

260 re capable of chimerizing both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.

261 sociated with poorly developed embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.

262 sed at E10.5 in the embryo as well as in the extraembryonic tissues.

263 ed for the proper development of cardiac and extraembryonic tissues.

264 art induction in Xenopus embryos, which lack extraembryonic tissues.

265 for normal vasculogenesis of the embryo and extraembryonic tissues.

266 inted DMRs during development in somatic and extraembryonic tissues.

267 e epigenetic perturbations in the embryo and extraembryonic tissues.

268 giving rise to a complete embryo as well as extraembryonic tissues.

269 mass, which lacks the ability to produce all extraembryonic tissues.

270 ability to contribute to both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.

271 rentiate into any cell type of a body except extraembryonic tissues.

272 ls exhibit an unusual propensity to generate extraembryonic tissues.

273 egulates the morphogenetic events that shape extraembryonic tissues.

274 ulation during mammalian development are the extraembryonic trophectoderm (TE) and the primitive endo

275 ells contribute to embryonic tissues but not extraembryonic trophectoderm.

276 wild-type tetraploid cells contribute to the extraembryonic trophoblast and primitive endoderm lineag

277 of X chromosome inactivation (XCI), whereas extraembryonic trophoblast cells in the placenta undergo

278 nal allele is crucial for the development of extraembryonic trophoblast cells.

279 bryos, GATA3 is selectively expressed in the extraembryonic trophoblast lineage and regulates gene ex

280 re mice, we show that E2F7/E2F8 functions in extraembryonic trophoblast lineages are both necessary a

281 mbined mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and extraembryonic trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) in a three-

282 ic Ras activation can divert ES cells toward extraembryonic trophoblastic fates and implicate Ras-MAP

283 s into a complete hydatidiform mole in which extraembryonic trophoblastic tissue develops but the emb

284 os family member Fra-1, which is involved in extraembryonic vascular development, was reduced in yolk

285 needed in vivo for TGFbeta1 signaling during extraembryonic vascular development.

286 However, both embryonic and extraembryonic vasculature of mutant animals were disorg

287 nifesting prominent defects in the heart and extraembryonic vasculature.

288 er embryonic niches (placenta, yolk sac, and extraembryonic vessels), attempts to detect their HSC in

289 zing the spectra of blood circulating in the extraembryonic vessels.

290 n mice, ActRIA is expressed primarily in the extraembryonic visceral endoderm before gastrulation and

291 yo cultures leads to a switch from AVE to an extraembryonic visceral endoderm cell identity, and seco

292 n, whereas transient nodal expression in the extraembryonic visceral endoderm is essential for patter

293 ansmembrane protein that is expressed in the extraembryonic visceral layer during gastrulation.

294 Additionally, vascular remodeling of the extraembryonic yolk sac is abnormal in Brg1(fl/fl):Tie2-

295 higher vertebrate species that have acquired extraembryonic yolk sac membranes during evolution.

296 Hematopoiesis initiates in the extraembryonic yolk sac.

297 hat nanog-like morphants fail to develop the extraembryonic yolk syncytial layer (YSL), which produce

298 ater, znr2 is also expressed dorsally in the extraembryonic yolk syncytial layer (YSL).

299 Overexpression of boz in the extraembryonic yolk syncytial layer of boz mutant embryo

300 conclude that MGA, Max, and Smad4 act in the extraembryonic YSL to initiate a positive feedback loop