ライフサイエンスコーパス: extraretinal

1 ct retina, almost nothing is known about the extraretinal blue light photoreceptor of insects.

2 t circadian rhythms can occur through either extraretinal (brain) or retinal photoreceptors, which me

3 g us to propose a pathway involving multiple extraretinal cell types and proteins essential for the f

4 widely expressed in a variety of retinal and extraretinal cell types, along with other photosensitive

5 nge the belief that mammals are incapable of extraretinal circadian phototransduction and have implic

6 scaling is not based on visual inputs but on extraretinal cues.

7 on-mammalian vertebrates, light acts through extraretinal, 'deep brain' photoreceptors, and the eyes

8 lts are consistent with an alteration in the extraretinal eye position information (efference copy, e

9 rs, are consistent with an alteration in the extraretinal eye position information that is used in sp

10 The larval eye becomes the adult extraretinal 'eyelet' composed of four green-sensitive (

11 advancing edge and at the initial ridge and extraretinal fibrovascular proliferative complex (12/14

12 uted representation of target location in an extraretinal frame of reference.

13 RH6 is also expressed in the extraretinal Hofbauer-Buchner eyelet, whereas RH2 is onl

14 This process presumably depends on extraretinal information about eye position, but it is s

15 cancellation' of the retinal image motion by extraretinal information about the eye movement [1,2]; t

16 poral stimulus on the retina, rather than on extraretinal information, to discard the motion signals

17 th eye movement signals provide the critical extraretinal input to MT neurons for computing depth-sig

18 , allowing at least two potential sources of extraretinal input.

19 their retinal inputs, indicating a role for extraretinal mechanisms.

20 fits during pursuit may be due to the use of extraretinal motion information estimated from an effere

21 its in the ability to hold online and/or use extraretinal motion information underlie the pursuit abn

22 cantly poorer predictive pursuit response to extraretinal motion signals (F(2,136)=6.51, P<.005), com

23 eye velocity in response to both retinal and extraretinal motion signals and the target velocity, was

24 pursuit gain in response to both retinal and extraretinal motion signals is likely due to compensatio

25 pursuit gain in response to both retinal and extraretinal motion signals was not different between gr

26 smooth pursuit (ie, in the presence of only extraretinal motion signals) were obtained.

27 deficits in predictive pursuit based on only extraretinal motion signals.

28 larization was assessed by quantification of extraretinal neovascular nuclei in retinal sections.

29 Quantification of the extraretinal neovascular nuclei showed that only animals

30 er than 0.57 in 6 eyes of 3 patients who had extraretinal neovascularization and/or peripheral avascu

31 ceptor subtypes are expressed in retinal and extraretinal ocular tissues of the chick eye.

32 Translucent zebrafish embryos express extraretinal opsins early on, at a time when spontaneous

33 Though the presence of extraretinal opsins is well documented, the function of

34 cytes, astrocytes, and microglia, which have extraretinal origins.

35 Multiple sites of extraretinal photoreception are present in vertebrates,

36 lthough both the site and molecular basis of extraretinal photoreception have remained obscure.

37 ply that phototransduction in these sites of extraretinal photoreception must be mediated by novel op

38 sults specifically do not support a role for extraretinal photoreception with respect to direct circa

39 As expected for an extraretinal photoreceptor mediating circadian entrainme

40 In mammals, extraretinal photoreceptors have been lost, and the noct

41 photoreceptors and with certain invertebrate extraretinal photoreceptors, but they are morphologicall

42 t in vertebrates, but the molecular basis of extraretinal phototransduction is poorly understood.

43 Extraretinal regulation of pineal function has been repo

44 enced by spatial information derived from an extraretinal signal involved in eye movement preparation

45 s in the ability to use internally generated extraretinal signals for closed-loop pursuit implicate f

46 This result implies that extraretinal signals for pursuit eye movements also cont

47 l cues related both to translation speed and extraretinal signals from pursuit eye movements are used

48 ther precisely from motion parallax and that extraretinal signals may be used to correctly perceive t

49 e vestibular labyrinths, suggesting that the extraretinal signals needed for updating can arise from

50 Psychophysical investigations indicate that extraretinal signals play an important role in suppressi

51 cates the necessity of combining retinal and extraretinal signals received by MSTd neurones for the a

52 ation that was previously thought to require extraretinal signals regarding eye velocity.

53 Without extraretinal signals related to observer movement, howev

54 ccades) seem to be corrected on the basis of extraretinal signals such as the motor commands sent to

55 he perception of smear may be reduced by the extraretinal signals that accompany their eye movements.

56 d that MT neurons combine visual motion with extraretinal signals to code depth-sign from motion para

57 Conventionally, it has been assumed that extraretinal signals, such as efference copy of smooth p

58 istically optimal combination of retinal and extraretinal signals.

59 VIP is multimodal, driven by both visual and extraretinal signals.

60 We find that Hh signaling from extraretinal sources is required for the initiation of r

61 retinal basal lamina proteins originate from extraretinal tissues infers that the basal lamina protei

62 The synthesis from extraretinal tissues infers that the retinal basal lamin

63 Pretreatment reduced extraretinal vascularization, when assessed by quantific