ライフサイエンスコーパス: fear

1 rvival (e.g. such as freezing in response to fear).

2 better reflects the circuit supporting delay fear.

3 in context-dependent control of conditioned fear.

4 enhanced context fear without affecting tone fear.

5 ical, and behavioral measures of conditioned fear.

6 defined, ranging from concern to irrational fear.

7 facial expressions of happiness, anger, and fear.

8 ith higher anxiety for P-biased, direct-gaze fear.

9 for learning to fear and learning to reduce fear.

10 sponses were used as an index of conditioned fear.

11 he ACC, however, did not promote generalized fear.

12 d right amygdala activation while processing fear.

13 ng in the CeA is critical for discriminative fear.

14 hat eventually lead to enhanced cue-specific fear.

15 b-IPN pathway in attenuating the response to fear.

16 s destruction and instigate population-based fear.

17 ance of situations that evoke trauma-related fears.

18 mial EVD transmission risk may be lower than feared.

19 oth brain TNF-alpha [8] and offspring innate fear [9], whereas maternal stress has been reported to i

20 Scientists and government actors often fear a 'public rejection' of biotechnology, especially r

21 rence, including stigma, misconceptions, and fears about treatment, before developing a personalized

22 None of these manipulations affect fear acquired as a result of direct experience with the

23 encing of CeAL CRF neurons during contextual fear acquisition disrupted retention test freezing 24 h

24 SCRs, indicating that REM may only modulate fear acquisition indirectly.

25 projections in the BNSTDL during contextual fear acquisition produced a similar effect.

26 Baseline contextual freezing, the rate of fear acquisition, freezing in an alternate context after

27 as focused on the effects of sleep following fear acquisition, thus neglecting the potential effects

28 tructures communicate with each other during fear acquisition.

29 inhibition during training impaired context fear acquisition; (2) inhibition during recall did not i

30 uld be reproduced by BACON (Bayesian Context Fear Algorithm), a physiologically realistic hippocampal

31 We found that rat dams conditioned to fear an odor, froze when tested alone, whereas if pups w

32 increase brain TNF-alpha [10] and offspring fear and anxiety [11, 12], maternal brain TNF-alpha may

33 sed SST expression, may disrupt responses to fear and anxiety regulation in these individuals.

34 dictions derived from the rRST, which traced fear and anxiety to separate but interacting neurobehavi

35 ssed in the BLA, we investigated its role in fear and anxiety-like behaviors.

36 are known to contribute to the regulation of fear and anxiety-related behaviors.

37 ain area involved in the neural circuitry of fear and anxiety.

38 eriments to better understand uncontrollable fear and anxiety.

39 iolent events from the effect of emotions of fear and anxiety.

40 ygdala BOLD responses were modulated by both fear and emotion ambiguity (the uncertainty that a facia

41 Fear and emotional learning are modulated by endogenous

42 young as 6 years, that children show intact fear and extinction learning, and show evidence of diver

43 e to sex differences in retrieval of context fear and greater generalization of fear-associated memor

44 gically and behaviorally, during conditioned fear and innate/social threat was induced, independently

45 and sufficient for extinction of contextual fear and intrinsic excitability of DG granule neurons, i

46 NT The amygdala is essential for learning to fear and learning to reduce fear.

47 se stimuli to gain and maintain control over fear and safety behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The amyg

48 on, plaque deposition, as well as contextual fear and spatial memory impairments.

49 Irritability (beta = 0.12, P = .03) and fear and/or anxiety (beta = 0.38, P < .001) were signifi

50 less mice had to distinguish between similar feared and neutral contexts; (3) inhibition increased ge

51 showed a shift in behavioural sensitivity to fear, and amygdala BOLD responses were modulated by both

52 The study of inflammation in fear- and anxiety-based disorders has gained interest as

53 ositive association between inflammation and fear- and anxiety-based symptoms, suggesting that other

54 itary-adrenal axis hyperactivity and reduced fear- and anxiety-related behavior.

55 mediate GR actions that eventually regulate fear- and anxiety-related behaviors.

56 Fear- and stress-induced activity in the amygdala has be

57 rience, and are linked to the development of fear- and stress-related pathologies.

58 n personality: SEEKING, CARING, PLAYFULNESS, FEAR, ANGER, SADNESS.

59 ng interview, which delineated four factors (fear, anxious-misery, psychosis and behavioral symptoms)

60 eraction between a 6-12 Hz oscillation and a fear-associated 3-6 Hz oscillation within the BLA.

61 f context fear and greater generalization of fear-associated memory.

62 ar, but both are dispensable for generalized fear at high US intensities.

63 s that contribute to normal and pathological fear behaviors in humans and animal models.

64 Neural systems that elicit fear behaviors include the amygdala, hippocampus, and me

65 system, where they are involved in learning, fear behaviors, neurodegeneration, and pain sensation.

66 F in the CeA are required for discriminative fear, but both are dispensable for generalized fear at h

67 them, competing for resources and instilling fear, but it is unclear how suppression of mesopredators

68 mory formation in multiple subregions of the fear circuit.

69 ral amygdala (BLA) is a key structure of the fear circuit.

70 D (e.g., sleep disturbances, hippocampal and fear-circuit dysfunction, inflammation, glucocorticoid r

71 As time elapses after trauma, fear circuitry and dysphoric PTSD symptoms appear to eme

72 uld contribute to disorders with maladaptive fear circuitry.

73 ssion-like behaviors, as well as hyperactive fear circuits, glucocorticoid receptor hypersensitivity,

74 red for divergent extinction phenotypes were fear conditioned to a tone stimulus and administered eit

75 This led to recall deficit after contextual fear conditioning (cFC) at 2 months of age in APPswe/PS1

76 the hours following single-trial contextual fear conditioning (CFC), fast-spiking interneurons (whic

77 ular techniques, we determined whether trace fear conditioning and extinction engages the SR/D-serine

78 The fear conditioning and extinction neurocircuitry has been

79 In novel Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction paradigms, pharmacologi

80 ty in the amygdala is required for pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction.

81 We observed stronger context fear conditioning and more generalization of fear to a s

82 Using contextual fear conditioning and optogenetic inhibition, we show th

83 Fear conditioning and other elements of basic learning t

84 nce responses to the CS without shock during fear conditioning and to both the CS with shock and CS w

85 In this study, mice underwent trace fear conditioning consisting of an auditory CS paired wi

86 Parallel trace fear conditioning experiments showed that spine loss pre

87 In addition, context preexposure increased fear conditioning in males and decreased generalization

88 We found that contextual fear conditioning increased ripple-spindle coupling in m

89 Fear conditioning induced both up- and down-regulation o

90 econsolidation derives from studies based on fear conditioning instead of avoidance-learning paradigm

91 Kim and Cho (2017) now show that fear conditioning is mediated by synapse-specific LTP in

92 expressed greater associative learning in a fear conditioning paradigm.

93 Animal fear conditioning studies have illuminated neuronal mech

94 ase in FTO observed shortly after contextual fear conditioning suggests that FTO normally constrains

95 C57BL/6 mice that combines acute stress with fear conditioning to precipitate traumatic-like memories

96 Here we investigate human Pavlovian fear conditioning under the blood-brain barrier crossing

97 e role of GPR171 in anxiety-like behavior or fear conditioning was evaluated following systemic or in

98 rris water maze) and associative (contextual fear conditioning) memory were observed in lesioned P301

99 A variant of contextual fear conditioning, context pre-exposure facilitation, al

100 n of PTSD should include an understanding of fear conditioning, dysregulated circuits, memory reconso

101 In auditory fear conditioning, experimental subjects learn to associ

102 ala (LA) plays an essential role in auditory fear conditioning, it is unknown whether LTP is induced

103 wever, while antagonism of mGluR5 may reduce fear conditioning, it may also reduce fear extinction.

104 in a mouse model of auditory discriminative fear conditioning.

105 stimulus to lateral amygdala neurons during fear conditioning.

106 ving chemosensory stimuli, such as olfactory fear conditioning.

107 eyed to the mPFC and amygdala for contextual fear conditioning.

108 in the BLA reduces anxiety-like behavior and fear conditioning.

109 aradigms, e.g., two-way active avoidance and fear conditioning.

110 in an impairment of specifically noise-cued fear conditioning.

111 Although a few paradigms probed fear conditioning/extinction or utilized peripheral immu

112 During Pavlovian threat (fear) conditioning (PTC), sensory and neuromodulatory in

113 , healthy adult volunteers underwent threat (fear) conditioning using a tone-conditioned stimulus pai

114 CeM neurons and reduced fear expression in a fear-conditioning paradigm.

115 was asked to recall emotions of anxiety and fear connected to experiences of violence, whereas the r

116 cal role in the development of ITCs and that fear, depression-like and social behavioral deficits ari

117 focus of infection within the heart and is a feared disease across the field of cardiology.

118 tic Interview, and included a broad range of fear, distress, behavior, substance use, and other disor

119 tinction showed less spontaneous recovery of fear during extinction retrieval.

120 ability to detect lust (ES=-0.8, p=0.03) and fear (ES=-0.7, p=0.07) in ASR.

121 order (PTSD) is characterized by exaggerated fear expression and impaired fear extinction.

122 d the firing rate of CeM neurons and reduced fear expression in a fear-conditioning paradigm.

123 oncentrations are negatively associated with fear expression in both rats and humans.

124 F2 and individual differences in conditioned fear expression in rats (n = 19).

125 hat was similar to a feared one and impaired fear expression in the conditioned context when it was s

126 (2) inhibition during recall did not impair fear expression in the training context, unless mice had

127 Heightened conditioned fear expression may be a prospective risk factor for the

128 To the extent that conditioned fear expression predicts anxiety and trauma disorder vul

129 While a fear expression with averted gaze clearly points to the

130 x directionality signaling the recurrence of fear expression.

131 of the transition from normal to generalized fear expression.

132 y in mice, indicating its role in contextual fear expression.

133 ion of D1 receptors in the DS did not impact fear extinction acquisition or memory, but blocked fear

134 n, Ehmt1(+/-) knockout mice were impaired at fear extinction and novel- and spatial object recognitio

135 impaired the acquisition of both conditioned fear extinction and response-outcome conditioning, as ex

136 lysis of male Tshz1 cKOs revealed defects in fear extinction as well as an increase in floating durin

137 shz1 mutants correlates well with defects in fear extinction as well as the appearance of depression-

138 nctional downregulation following successful fear extinction in S1 mice.

139 imals have deficits in latent inhibition and fear extinction in the amygdala, suggesting a critical r

140 Finally, we show that DG contributes to fear extinction learning, a process in which learned fea

141 S D1 receptors during fear extinction render fear extinction memory resistant to the disrupting effec

142 ring extinction conditioning interfered with fear extinction memory, resulting in sustained freezing

143 of SN DA neurons and DS D1 receptors during fear extinction render fear extinction memory resistant

144 Clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) in conjunction with fear extinction training (a form of aversive conditionin

145 Rescuing impaired fear extinction via dietary zinc restriction was associa

146 The role of miRNAs in the rescue of impaired fear extinction was assessed using the 129S1/SvlmJ (S1)

147 in the medial DS (DMS) were recruited during fear extinction, and Gq-DREADD-induced DA potentiated ac

148 diction, including anxiogenesis, deficits in fear extinction, and increased ethanol consumption.

149 the 129S1/SvlmJ (S1) mouse model of impaired fear extinction.

150 investigated the role of nigrostriatal DA in fear extinction.

151 reduce fear conditioning, it may also reduce fear extinction.

152 stemically to mice to evaluate its effect on fear extinction.

153 viously been shown to play a crucial role in fear extinction.

154 o a neutral one; and (4) inhibition impaired fear extinction.

155 by exaggerated fear expression and impaired fear extinction.

156 estrus that paralleled more rapid contextual fear extinction.

157 with the facilitatory effect of D-serine on fear extinction.

158 Disruptions in fear-extinction learning are centrally implicated in a r

159 n childhood/adolescence, an understanding of fear-extinction learning in children is essential for (1

160 The respective predation risks, we termed Fear Factors, were either lethal (consumption by predato

161 measures, and their emotions (anger, guilt, fear, fatigue, sadness), could inform preparation and ed

162 associated with increased generalization of fear from a stress- or trauma-associated environment to

163 ty disorders lies the tendency to generalize fear from a threatening to a safe situation.

164 hormones are required for the enhancement of fear generalization following an unpredictably cued thre

165 'after' training (consolidation) resulted in fear generalization to the neutral context when mice wer

166 METHOD: Gradients of conditioned fear generalization were assessed using functional MRI a

167 aptic inhibition has a critical role in cued fear generalization, as animals with genetically deleted

168 o negative events determines their effect on fear generalization, that is, how the events affect futu

169 pal activity correlates with reduced context fear generalization.

170 esting (retrieval) did not result in context fear generalization.

171 The level of innate fear governs the balance between exploration/foraging an

172 responsible for processing and expression of fear has been well characterized, the top-down control o

173 ygdalar CRF pathways modulate longer-lasting fear in anxiety- and trauma-related disorders.

174 showed specific extinction-induced, but not fear-induced, increased expression in both extinction-re

175 at models real-world cues, environments, and fear-inducing events that children are likely to experie

176 y to positive emotional stimuli and enhanced fear inhibition.

177 These fear-inhibitory effects cannot be explained by changes i

178 Fear is a graded central motive state ranging from mild

179 inction learning, a process in which learned fear is attenuated through exposures to a fearful contex

180 f the mechanisms contributing to generalized fear is essential for formulating successful treatments

181 These patterns support the hypothesis that fear landscapes vary heterogeneously in both space and t

182 ealthy controls and the anxiety group during fear learning (etap2 range between 0.088 and 0.176 and P

183 uditory cortex PNNs resulted in a deficit in fear learning and consolidation.

184 a distressed conspecific, elicits contextual fear learning and enhances future passive avoidance lear

185 ics of ensembles of amygdalar neurons during fear learning and extinction over 6 days in behaving mic

186 al CA1 pyramidal neurons restored contextual fear learning in a conditional Girk2 (-/-) mouse line, G

187 to conditioning on subsequent acquisition of fear learning in humans.

188 Fear learning is a fundamental behavioral process that r

189 mice exhibit impaired hippocampal-dependent fear learning.

190 c CS information to the LA in discriminative fear learning.

191 r conditions of immediate threats such as in fear learning.

192 2 (-/-) mouse line, GIRK2a also enhanced cue fear learning.

193 ubsequent patterns of neural activity during fear learning.

194 ween synaptic plasticity onto DA neurons and fear learning.

195 onent of the neural circuitry that underlies fear learning.

196 es have established a clear role of sleep in fear-learning processes.

197 esonance imaging connectivity estimates with fear level.

198 ampal synapses after retrieval of contextual fear LTM.

199 How are fear memories organized?

200 so been implicated in extinction learning of fear memories, and mGlu5 receptor activation can reduce

201 with a decrease in extinction of contextual fear memories.

202 ng-term after conditioning, whereas auditory fear memory and anxiety-related behavior were normal.

203 ol neonates resulted in FAE-like deficits in fear memory and hippocampal allele-specific expression o

204 After rats acquired a fear memory by receiving mild footshocks in a shock zone

205 VEGFD, is required for hippocampus-dependent fear memory consolidation and extinction in mice.

206 st-CFC inhibition of PV+ interneurons blocks fear memory consolidation.

207 hibition of PV(+) cells disrupted contextual fear memory consolidation.

208 Both T4 and metformin alleviated contextual fear memory deficit induced by FAE, and reversed the hip

209 e, calpain-1 KO mice exhibited impairment in fear memory extinction to tone presentation.

210 c resistance, and vulnerability to excessive fear memory formation and reveal that ghrelin can regula

211 of HDAC3 is a powerful negative regulator of fear memory formation in multiple subregions of the fear

212 both circulating endogenous acyl-ghrelin and fear memory formation, promotes profound loss of ghrelin

213 ty of HDAC3 functions to negatively regulate fear memory formation.

214 Glu2/3 agonist LY379268 disrupted contextual fear memory in a manner similar to the effect of the bet

215 Cav-1 overexpression enhanced contextual fear memory in adult and aged mice demonstrating improve

216 of the VH prevented the recall of contextual fear memory in mice, indicating its role in contextual f

217 DAC3 activity regulates different aspects of fear memory in the basal and lateral subregions of the a

218 The acquisition and retrieval of contextual fear memory requires coordinated neural activity in the

219 s bias could not be attributed to changes in fear memory retrieval, learned safety, or memory interfe

220 Here, we show that trace fear memory undergoes a protein synthesis-dependent reco

221 mice showed a specific deficit in contextual fear memory, both short-term and long-term after conditi

222 ed behaviors, including extinction-resistant fear memory, hyperarousal, generalization, and dysregula

223 solateral amygdala, which were necessary for fear memory, were maintained.

224 s in consolidation or retrieval of a precise fear memory.

225 ther method specifically enhanced contextual fear memory.

226 the acquisition and retrieval of contextual fear memory.

227 However, much of what is known about fear-motivated avoidance memory reconsolidation derives

228 gical interaction analyses revealed that the fear network connectivity differed between healthy contr

229 rated increased startle reflex and increased fear network, as well as general sensory activation by G

230 Purpose Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a common problem expe

231 d 2 to 5 years after cancer treatment due to fear of cancer recurrence.

232 y low body weight, and a deep and persistent fear of gaining weight.

233 The main sources of anxiety were fear of going blind owing to intravitreal injections and

234 es regulatory sanctions and thus perpetuates fear of loss through a form of nudging.

235 eral traits, including fetching tendency and fear of loud noises, while other traits revealed negligi

236 nal, cognitive, and physical well-being, and fear of negative social feedback is a prominent feature

237 cant others', 'Motherhood and fulfillment', 'Fear of perinatal infection and infection of partner(s)'

238 dneys have historically been turned down for fear of poor outcomes.

239 nor kidneys with AKI are often discarded for fear of poor transplant outcomes.

240 Fear of predation has been shown to affect prey fitness

241 lection to act on anti-predator responses to fear of predation that may ramify and influence higher t

242 ne, suggesting genotype-specific response to fear of predation.

243 ucated, and well-insured women, and reflects fear of recurrence and in some cases misunderstanding of

244 malizumab was also associated with decreased fear of suffocation due to angioedema.

245 ccidents, suggesting that the policy reduced fears of deportation and vehicle impoundment.

246 The observational fear (OF) paradigm in rodents, in which the subject is e

247 an unfamiliar context that was similar to a feared one and impaired fear expression in the condition

248 Impaired inhibition of fear or behavioral responses is thought to be central to

249 to be learned about and less able to control fear or safety behaviors.

250 e activation of distinct cell populations by fear or safety cues and robust, global recruitment of mo

251 that recall of threat memory, measured with fear-potentiated startle 7 days after acquisition, is at

252 which also associated with HDAC4 expression, fear-potentiated startle and resting-state functional co

253 g data, we localized purely experience-based fear processing and memory in the right amygdala, thereb

254 rcuit and show separable pathways for graded fear processing.

255 emotion, and callous behavior with abnormal fear processing.

256 he CS with shock and CS without shock during fear recall.

257 its rather than in terms of vague notions of fear reduction.

258 glucose positron emission tomography) with a fear-regulating extinction paradigm.

259 n response to estrogen levels contributes to fear regulation and PTSD risk in women.

260 pdating showed an overall effect in reducing fear reinstatement, whereas pharmacological memory enhan

261 baseline levels of REM sleep predict reduced fear-related activity in, and connectivity between, the

262 An open question is whether fear-related brain areas respond differently to experien

263 ine racemase (SRR) gene, was associated with fear-related phenotypes in a highly traumatized human co

264 erns in the right amygdala (but not in other fear-related regions) that dissociated between whether a

265 ll-established that patients and carers hold fears relating to opioids, and experience side effects r

266 points to the source of threat, direct-gaze fear renders the source of threat ambiguous.

267 xtinction acquisition or memory, but blocked fear renewal in a novel context.

268 experienced can either increase or decrease fear response through distinct processes known, respecti

269 ning, it leads to an amplified and prolonged fear response.

270 ed the dorsal habenular nuclei in regulating fear responses and boldness in zebrafish [3-7].

271 vCA1 neurons could contribute to contextual fear responses by inducing synchronized activity in the

272 conclude that astrocyte activity determines fear responses by selectively regulating specific synaps

273 echanism suggests organisms quickly generate fear responses to a wide range of visual properties, hea

274 ssor, in order to protect against heightened fear responses to aversive stimuli.

275 rders are characterized by generalization of fear responses to neutral or ambiguous stimuli.

276 ry pathways to the LA suppressed conditioned fear responses to the CS.

277 ntextual memories and constrains generalized fear responses.

278 ned associations between sensory stimuli and fear responses.

279 ry updating and retrieval-driven instinctive fear responses.

280 onist, can enhance extinction of conditioned fear responses.

281 ed to be crucial for learning of conditioned fear responses.

282 oned stimulus to be learned about or control fear responses.

283 PTSD vulnerability factors, including neural fear responsiveness, peripheral stress reactivity, and s

284 signaling, we used neuroimaging of Pavlovian fear reversal, a paradigm that involves flexible updatin

285 l as to the initial establishment of context fear.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Despite abundant evidence th

286 order patients generalize fear to nonfearful fear stimuli, making it difficult to regulate anxiety.

287 dulated by behavioral states such as hunger, fear, stress, or a change in environmental context.

288 e left frontal operculum and insula, whereas fear symptoms were associated with less perfusion in the

289 ty is partly regulated by sex differences in fear systems.

290 fear conditioning and more generalization of fear to a similar context in females than males.

291 ; (3) inhibition increased generalization of fear to an unfamiliar context that was similar to a fear

292 raumatic stress disorder patients generalize fear to nonfearful fear stimuli, making it difficult to

293 As threat intensity increases, fear transitions from discriminative to generalized.

294 to be fundamentally different from learning fear via instructions.

295 Learning fear via the experience of contingencies between a condi

296 ggests that extinction often fails to reduce fear when administered soon after trauma.

297 Fear, which represents a highly conserved adaptive respo

298 ith higher anxiety for M-biased averted-gaze fear, while increased left amygdala reactivity was assoc

299 exploratory behavior but not for associating fear with context.

300 sal nucleus of the amygdala enhanced context fear without affecting tone fear.