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   1 S](1+) state in Fe protein, and for any "all-ferrous" [4Fe-4S](0) cluster, these NRVS spectra are the
  
  
     4 yclohexadiene, 2,4,6-(t)Bu3C6H2OH) to afford ferrous amido product ((Ar)L)Fe(NHAd), and can mediate i
     5  7112.2 eV, 6: 7112.4 eV) as compared with a ferrous amine adduct ((Ar)L)FeCl(NH2Ad) (7: 7110.3 eV). 
     6    NMR studies showed that Fe(2+) from added ferrous ammonium sulfate binds IscX much more avidly tha
  
     8  the slopes of the bands on concentration of ferrous and ferric ions, it was possible to estimate the
  
  
    11 L is a transcriptional activator of multiple ferrous and ferric iron uptake systems in addition to a 
    12 d with chloroquine resistance transport both ferrous and ferric iron, albeit with different kinetics.
    13 the bis-imidazole model complex and cyt c in ferrous and ferric oxidation states show quantitative di
  
  
    16 showed that the heme is pentacoordinate when ferrous and in the hydroxide-ligated form when ferric, e
    17 dz forest, which is close to a foundry using ferrous and non-ferrous metals could result in a Hg inta
    18  resonance spectroscopic data on the ferric, ferrous, and ferrous-CO complexes of GAPDH showed that t
    19 sample containing 2-30 mum grains of various ferrous- and ferric-iron containing minerals, including 
    20  as well as nickel and cobalt recovered in a ferrous-based pregnant leach solution (PLS), facilitatin
    21 ot enhance motions, whereas reduction to the ferrous bis-histidine state resulted in elevated R(2) va
    22 ferrous fumarate in wheat flour in 2002, and ferrous bisglycinate was added to maize flour in 1999 an
  
  
  
  
  
  
    29  oxidation state containing oxidized Pdx and ferrous CO-bound P450cam, showing that P450cam remains c
    30 ectroscopic data on the ferric, ferrous, and ferrous-CO complexes of GAPDH showed that the heme is bi
  
  
    33 not displaced by CN(-) or N(3)(-) but in the ferrous complex could be displaced by CO at a rate of 1.
  
    35 er anaerobic conditions, mixing nitrite with ferrous-Cygb triggered NO formation that was trapped and
  
  
  
  
    40 ctivity and regulates appearance of the free ferrous deoxy-NGB, which is the redox active form of the
  
    42 the activity of nitrate-reducing bacteria in ferrous environments may provide a direct link between t
  
  
    45 ultiple redox states, including the divalent ferrous (Fe(2+)) and the trivalent ferric (Fe(3+)) speci
    46 ciently interconvert the ferric (Fe(3+)) and ferrous (Fe(2+)) forms of an immobilized NGB showed that
  
  
  
    50 eport that reduction of the heme iron to the ferrous [Fe(II)] state in DGCR8 abolishes the pri-miRNA 
    51 c dithienylethene spacer predictably forms a ferrous [Fe2 L3 ](4+) helicate exhibiting spin crossover
    52 ll with those of the very few reports of all-ferrous ferredoxins and Rieske centers; they confirm the
    53 ems (potassium ferricyanide/ferrocyanide and ferrous/ferric ammonium sulfate) yielded Nernstian slope
    54 dissolve major muscle components and convert ferrous/ferric haem proteins to hemichromes with a uniqu
    55 not enantiomer-specific and is stimulated by ferrous/ferric ion and reducing agents including L-ascor
    56 distributing heme, iron-sulfur clusters, and ferrous/ferric ions to apoproteins remain incompletely d
  
    58  the effects of spin (high/low) and valence (ferrous/ferric) states on iron partitioning in the deep 
  
  
    61 utrient powder (MNP) containing a mixture of ferrous fumarate and sodium iron EDTA (FeFum+NaFeEDTA) i
  
    63  an ineffective fortificant, was replaced by ferrous fumarate in wheat flour in 2002, and ferrous bis
    64 lementation with 60 mg of elemental iron (as ferrous fumarate, n = 237 women) or placebo (n = 233) fr
    65 stants for the reaction of STAR with several ferrous globins and biomolecules were determined by kine
  
    67 oups of the globin chains: from paramagnetic ferrous Hb to diamagnetic ferrous oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) 
    68 iation ( approximately 10-fold) of CO to the ferrous heme at physiological AdoMet concentrations.    
  
  
  
    72 e coordinated Cys differs for the ferric and ferrous heme species, with Cys binding as a thiolate and
  
    74 utants showed an increased propensity of the ferrous heme to form an inactive species with a 424 nm S
    75 ransient absorption spectrum of 4-coordinate ferrous heme to which NO rebinds with a time constant ta
  
    77 ures of discrete [(L)Cu(II)(NO2(-))](+) plus ferrous heme-nitrosyl compounds; when the first NO(g) eq
    78 ng of NO to myoglobin, giving a 6-coordinate ferrous-heme complex, was inferred from the measured Ram
    79 lysulfide-carrying hemoglobin derivatives to ferrous hemoglobin, thus completing the methemoglobin-de
    80 e green rust (22.7 +/- 2.2 per thousand) and ferrous hydroxide (22.1 +/- 1.1 per thousand) which sugg
  
    82  a green rust (chloride interlayer type) and ferrous hydroxide, the two known environmentally relevan
  
    84 nal Fe(II) is incorporated into siderite and ferrous hydroxy carbonate, along with magnetite, in ferr
  
  
    87 s mechanistic proposal involving exclusively ferrous intermediates and highlight the importance of th
    88 +)) reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), ferrous ion (Fe(2+)) metal chelating activity, and DPPH 
    89 e nZVI, nanoscale iron oxide (nFe(3)O(4)) or ferrous ion [Fe(II)(aq)] at mug/L-mg/L levels to assess 
  
    91 ydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, ferrous ion chelating abilities and reducing power resul
  
    93 o the passive-gradient model, the removal of ferrous ion from the site of release sustains the gradie
  
    95 against M. tuberculosis is dependent on high ferrous ion levels and reactive oxygen species productio
    96 ntinuous photolysis of 7b in the presence of ferrous ion or thiophenol produces good yields of dA, wh
    97    Emulsions containing beta-glucan, oil and ferrous ion showed significant viscosity and molecular w
  
  
   100 ghest antioxidant activity (57.11 mug mL(-1) Ferrous Ion-chelating Ability, 221.46 mug mL(-1) Hydroxy
   101 Singlet oxygen quenching, reducing power and ferrous ion-chelating activities of CS were also pronoun
  
   103 estigates the impact of redox reactions with ferrous ions (Fe2+) on the colloidal stability of CeO2 N
  
   105 dominantly in the reduced ferrous state, but ferrous ions alone cannot form polynuclear iron-sulfur c
  
  
  
  
   110     Apparent negative-feedback inhibition by ferrous ions is documented at nanomolar concentrations, 
  
  
  
  
   115 ates of the Fenton reaction, by assimilating ferrous iron (Fe(2+)) and inducing the decomposition of 
   116 iron minerals from the metabolism of soluble ferrous iron (Fe(2+)) coupled to the reduction of nitrat
  
   118 ulfoxy species (e.g., S2O3(2-), SO4(2-)) and ferrous iron (Fe(2+)) to the solution and also producing
  
  
   121 and hydrological processes: the oxidation of ferrous iron (Fe(II)) and the subsequent formation of pa
   122  method to exploit aberrant levels of mobile ferrous iron (Fe(II)) for selective drug delivery in viv
  
  
   125     A chemical pathway involving reaction of ferrous iron (Fe2+) with nitrite (NO2-), an intermediate
   126 (7) complex is best described as a high spin ferrous iron (S=2) antiferromagnetically coupled to an N
   127 es of bacteria can catalyze the oxidation of ferrous iron [Fe(II)] coupled to nitrate (NO(3)(-)) redu
   128 ients, however, suggesting that the heme and ferrous iron acquisition pathways of P. aeruginosa are m
   129 sults suggest an ordered stepwise binding of ferrous iron and dioxygen to the ferroxidase site in pre
  
  
   132 asites produce high concentrations of mobile ferrous iron as a consequence of their catabolism of hos
  
  
   135 te ferric iron reduction, with the resulting ferrous iron being available to the bacterium for uptake
  
   137 e-O2 bonding situation includes in essence a ferrous iron center, minor superoxide character of the n
   138 ic iron assay was used to measure ferric and ferrous iron content in the lesions and the healthy myoc
   139 howed a general correlation to the available ferrous iron content of the rock, which was determined b
   140 iron deficiency recommend daily provision of ferrous iron divided through the day to increase absorpt
   141 on transfer from many geochemically relevant ferrous iron forms to the photosynthetic reaction center
  
   143 xide overproduction and accumulation of free ferrous iron in mitochondria caused by oxidative damage 
  
   145 he abundance of methylotrophy substrates and ferrous iron in situ, which underlines the essentiality 
   146 d and tested for their capacities to oxidize ferrous iron in synthetic and actual acid mine drainage 
  
   148 ecreased, with lower soil nitrate and higher ferrous iron in the low marsh compared to the mid and hi
   149      Abundant iron oxides and high dissolved ferrous iron indicate iron reduction in the methanogenic
   150 fected mice, supporting the proposition that ferrous iron is a critical iron source for these bacteri
   151 ular, we found that the ability to transport ferrous iron is reduced by the specific polymorphisms ac
   152 scopy suggests that substrate binding to the ferrous iron is through the thiol but indicates that eac
  
   154 ubstantially mitigated in rocks that contain ferrous iron or other naturally occurring reactive metal
   155 timulated when NTHI cultures were exposed to ferrous iron or zinc but was unresponsive to ferric iron
   156 tem essential for photoautotrophic growth by ferrous iron oxidation, influences electron uptake.     
  
   158 ter adding 48 ferrous iron to apo-PmFTN (two ferrous iron per subunit), and a much slower phase due t
  
   160 ed by evaluating the spatial distribution of ferrous iron relative to that of the rock porosity.     
   161 um, sodium and total nitrogen, and decreased ferrous iron relative to the dry season (January 2011). 
   162 ted to be associated with the oral intake of ferrous iron salts (i.e. nausea, vomiting, heartburn, ab
   163 (II) which involved the surface oxidation of ferrous iron surface complexes ( identical withS(S,W)OFe
   164 rified enzyme was activated more strongly by ferrous iron than by other metals, and only this metallo
   165 w-temperature hydrothermal vents enriched in ferrous iron that supports extensive microbial mats.    
   166 ase site, which is saturated after adding 48 ferrous iron to apo-PmFTN (two ferrous iron per subunit)
   167 coproporphyrinogen to coproporphyrin, insert ferrous iron to make Fe-coproporphyrin (coproheme), and 
   168  putative operon encoding an uncharacterized ferrous iron transport (FtrABCD) system was previously i
  
  
  
  
  
   174 equence are predicted to encode a CupII-type ferrous iron transporter homologous to the FtrABCD trans
   175 e culture medium triggered expression of the ferrous iron transporter LIT1 (Leishmania iron transport
   176 ation of the ferric iron reductase LFR1, the ferrous iron transporter LIT1, and the heme transporter 
   177 train containing an inactivated feoB-encoded ferrous iron transporter results in increased bacterial 
   178   Deletion of feoB, which encodes a putative ferrous iron transporter, retarded replication of the LV
  
   180     When fed with actual mine water, >90% of ferrous iron was oxidized at D values of 0.4 h(-1), and 
   181 found that significant amounts of ferric and ferrous iron were associated with secreted HGA-melanin. 
  
  
   184 olecular-scale interaction of aged Fe(0) and ferrous iron with particular implications for sustaining
   185 on mediated by chemical species (sulfide and ferrous iron) and the common metal-reducing microbe Shew
  
   187 so less effective in reducing ferric iron to ferrous iron, a reaction mediated by the heme-containing
   188 eme into the bilirubin precursor biliverdin, ferrous iron, and CO during B. pseudomallei infection.  
   189 species were able to take up both ferric and ferrous iron, and iron reduction was not a prerequisite 
   190 deR represses gene expression in response to ferrous iron, and we here demonstrate that SirR (Rv2788)
   191 died have uptake systems for both ferric and ferrous iron, both involving specific iron binding at th
   192 e, forming a strong hexadentate complex with ferrous iron, by three consecutive oxidation steps.     
  
  
   195  osteoclast formation and decreases cellular ferrous iron, reactive oxygen species, and the activatio
   196 Because dicotyledonous plants only transport ferrous iron, we checked whether embryos were capable of
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   204 ontributions of an individual regulator, the ferrous iron-responsive regulatory element, BqsR, on glo
   205 m of SOR with O(2)(*-) is presented in which ferrous iron-superoxo and ferric hydroperoxide species a
  
  
  
  
  
  
   212 termediate observed by pulse radiolysis is a ferrous-iron superoxo species, in agreement with TD-DFT 
   213 invariance of *Trp decay times in ferric and ferrous Mbs raises the question as to whether electron t
  
   215  is close to a foundry using ferrous and non-ferrous metals could result in a Hg intake that exceeds 
   216 xygen-evolving electrocatalyst consisting of ferrous metaphosphate on self-supported conductive nicke
  
  
  
   220 H bonds, but decay via N-O bond homolysis to ferrous or ferric iron hydroxides in the presence of 1,4
  
   222  (lipid hydroperoxides) were measured with a ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) assay and volatil
  
  
  
  
   227 hree distinct steps: 1) initial oxidation of ferrous (oxy) to ferryl Hb; 2) autoreduction of the ferr
   228  from paramagnetic ferrous Hb to diamagnetic ferrous oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) with reversibly bound O2, 
  
   230 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, ferrous reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenoli
   231 inding to the haem decreases activity, while ferrous RsbR results in increased activity, suggesting t
  
   233 des values between $1.32 and $145 per ton of ferrous scrap for this material, if recoverable as pure 
  
   235 eme-free, ferric, and nitric oxide-sensitive ferrous sGC in cells and tissues, we propose that cinaci
   236 ave calculated the average Nd content in the ferrous shredder product stream to be between 0.13 and 0
   237 uctures derived from anaerobically grown and ferrous soaked crystals revealed only one ferrous iron i
  
   239 n crystals at increasing exposure times to a ferrous solution showed the progressive formation of a t
  
  
   242 reduce the ferric state of the enzyme to the ferrous state and is able to donate an electron(s) to ex
   243 ition of the second electron to form the all-ferrous state induces significant structural change.    
   244 early Earth was predominantly in the reduced ferrous state, but ferrous ions alone cannot form polynu
  
  
  
  
  
   250  iron polymaltose (500 mg single dose) or PO ferrous sulfate (210 mg elemental iron daily, continuous
  
  
   253 ize meal fortified with isotopically labeled ferrous sulfate (FeSO4; study 1) or ferric pyrophosphate
   254 ts consumed a test drink with 6 mg (57)Fe as ferrous sulfate and were intravenously infused with 100 
   255 ths with nutritional iron-deficiency anemia, ferrous sulfate compared with iron polysaccharide comple
   256 mg/kg of elemental iron once daily as either ferrous sulfate drops or iron polysaccharide complex dro
  
   258 arrhea in the iron complex group than in the ferrous sulfate group (58% vs 35%, respectively; P = .04
   259  hemoglobin increased from 7.9 to 11.9 g/dL (ferrous sulfate group) vs 7.7 to 11.1 g/dL (iron complex
   260  group), 59 completed the trial (28 [70%] in ferrous sulfate group; 31 [78%] in iron polysaccharide c
   261 led, ((57)Fe)-labelled, or ((58)Fe)-labelled ferrous sulfate in iron-depleted (serum ferritin </=25 m
  
   263  oral administration of aqueous solutions of ferrous sulfate isotopically labeled with (5)(4)Fe, (5)(
  
  
  
   267 itin level increased from 3.0 to 15.6 ng/mL (ferrous sulfate) vs 2.0 to 7.5 ng/mL (iron complex) over
   268 g capacity decreased from 501 to 389 mug/dL (ferrous sulfate) vs 506 to 417 mug/dL (iron complex) (a 
   269 e of stimulant laxatives and high-dosages of ferrous sulfate, and a significant relationship between 
   270 r demetallization, we use a safer and milder ferrous sulfate-hydrochloric acid method in addition to 
  
  
  
   274 nt extent, implying an important role of the ferrous sulfide mineral in the redox cycling of U under 
   275 ment groups (n = 10/group) to receive either ferrous sulphate (200 mg capsules containing 65 mg of ir
   276 erestingly, the co-administration of GDP and ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) ameliorated the turpentine-indu
   277 uestionnaire was most discriminatory between ferrous sulphate and placebo groups were: heartburn, abd
  
   279  of symptoms reported by participants in the ferrous sulphate group (4.6 +/- 2.0) appeared higher tha
   280  of symptoms reported by participants in the ferrous sulphate group (mean +/- SEM = 6.7 +/- 1.7) was 
  
  
  
   284 inal side-effects associated with oral iron (ferrous sulphate) supplementation, and would be appropri
  
  
  
  
   289 we found that the bivalent iron ion (Fe(2+), ferrous) suppressed CSR, leading to decreased number of 
   290 er with ferric porphyrins than corresponding ferrous systems, offering strong thermodynamic driving f
   291  sigma-donor and pi-back-donation complexes: ferrous tacn [Fe(II)(tacn)2]Br2, ferrocyanide [Fe(II)(CN
   292  ((Ar)L)Fe(NAd) reacts with azide yielding a ferrous tetrazido ((Ar)L)Fe(kappa(2)-N4Ad2), undergoes i
  
  
  
   296 Heph) is a ferroxidase protein that converts ferrous to ferric iron to facilitate cellular iron expor
   297  feoABC under anaerobic conditions, allowing ferrous transport to increase even though Fur is more ac
   298 ription factors Aft1 and Aft2 (activators of ferrous transport) regulate iron homeostasis in Saccharo
   299 ty (AOCS), and two colorimetric methods, the ferrous xylenol orange (FOX) and ferric thiocyanate (Int
   300 ed, requiring that the exchange coupling and ferrous zero-field splitting (ZFS) both decrease in magn
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