ライフサイエンスコーパス: firearm

1 ides in the United States in 2014 involved a firearm.

2 the type of instrument used: edged weapon or firearm.

3 easy access to and the ability to shoot that firearm.

4 a shooting victim or a suspect discharging a firearm.

5 ), loading a firearm, and postdischarge of a firearm.

6 on of individuals suspected of discharging a firearm.

7 the type of instrument used: edged weapon or firearm.

8 ion of a purchase and final acquisition of a firearm.

9 than those in noninfantry positions to use a firearm.

10 ppropriateness of provider discussions about firearms.

11 known cause of death, 62% were attributed to firearms.

12 and also initiated a program for buyback of firearms.

13 licitly require offenders to surrender their firearms.

14 iate for providers to talk to patients about firearms.

15 the health and public health consequences of firearms.

16 ing diagnosis of self-inflicted injuries via firearms.

17 e; half of these suicides involve the use of firearms.

18 and/or alcohol or substance abuse to obtain firearms.

19 at the same time as the greater exposure to firearms.

20 99 to 2013, 462,043 Americans were killed by firearms.

21 <0.0001), and identification requirement for firearms (0.16 [0.09-0.29]; p<0.0001).

22 Five children are killed daily by firearms, 1 in 5 experiences a mental disorder, racial/e

23 ients on preventing deaths and injuries from firearms, 58% reported never asking whether patients hav

24 tified, most incidents were committed with a firearm (88.2%) and perpetrated by males (91.4%), those

25 Adolescents with firearm access also had a higher lifetime prevalence of

26 0.96-1.51) were as likely to report in-home firearm access as those without such histories.

27 uicide were just as likely to report in-home firearm access as those without such risk factors.

28 Given recommendations to limit firearm access by those with mental health risk factors

29 ent curtails legislation broadly restricting firearm access in the United States, the emphasis is shi

30 enting evidence-based strategies to decrease firearm access in this age group is warranted.

31 e of death among US adolescents, and in-home firearm access is an independent risk factor for suicide

32 ctors would be less likely to report in-home firearm access.

33 s 6.9%, P < .01) compared with those without firearm access.

34 a firearm and responded to a question about firearm access; 1089 (40.9%) of those adolescents report

35 Firearm accessibility was determined by survey interview

36 ly studies that used interviews to determine firearm accessibility were considered, the pooled OR for

37 ia, and Puerto Rico and the Federal National Firearms Act were surveyed, with particular attention pa

38 Laws requiring at-risk persons to surrender firearms already in their possession were associated wit

39 R particles originating from three different firearm-ammunition combinations (0.38 in., 0.40 in., and

40 luding 135 patients who had been shot with a firearm and 274 community controls, during 2008-2011.

41 tween a subject who has handled and loaded a firearm and a subject who has had no contact with GSR sh

42 s, including the specific combination of the firearm and ammunition which was discharged.

43 rvey sample reported living in a home with a firearm and responded to a question about firearm access

44 can American males were more likely to use a firearm and to have a male victim.

45 V-related restraining orders from possessing firearms and also require them to relinquish firearms in

46 ans from asking or counseling patients about firearms and disclosing patient information about firear

47 d States frequently have access to unsecured firearms and frequently consume media containing guns.

48 tion relates to reducing the availability of firearms and pesticides.

49 s and reported practice behaviors related to firearms and their opinions about contributors and publi

50 imating the time since the last discharge of firearms and/or spent cartridges may be a useful piece o

51 the chemical composition of the ammunition, firearm, and cartridge case.

52 ontact with gunshot residue (GSR), loading a firearm, and postdischarge of a firearm.

53 ed their last firearm; if they purchased the firearm; and whether, as part of that acquisition, they

54 that health care provider discussions about firearms are at least sometimes appropriate.

55 Firearms are the most common method of suicide among you

56 Given that firearms are the second most common means of suicide amo

57 ms (with rare exceptions), may counsel about firearms as they do about other health matters, and may

58 restricting access to lethal means [such as firearms]) as a suicide prevention strategy.

59 The restriction of firearm availability in Switzerland resulting from the A

60 firearm suicide rates indicate that greater firearm availability is associated with higher firearm s

61 Gun shows are an important source of firearms, but no adequately powered studies have examine

62 of at-risk individuals to already purchased firearms by engaging the public and major stakeholders r

63 tentially reduce access to already purchased firearms by suicidal individuals.

64 "Possession" laws prohibit the possession of firearms by these offenders.

65 In experiments with real samples, different firearms, calibers, and ammunitions were used.

66 Deaths and injuries related to firearms constitute a major public health problem in the

67 s through initiatives such as the passage of firearm control laws, detoxification of domestic gas, mo

68 Changes in intentional firearm death rates were analyzed with negative binomial

69 d abuse and neglect, overweight and obesity, firearm deaths and injuries, mental health, racial/ethni

70 There was a more rapid decline in firearm deaths between 1997 and 2013 compared with befor

71 possible to determine whether the change in firearm deaths can be attributed to the gun law reforms.

72 ata to examine whether a spike in accidental firearm deaths occurred at the same time as the greater

73 eexisting downward trends for rates of total firearm deaths prior to vs after gun law reform.

74 decade of the 21st century mask a shift from firearm deaths towards a rapid rise in nonfatal injuries

75 ter gun law reforms), the mean rate of total firearm deaths was 1.2 (95% CI, 1.0-1.4) per 100,000 pop

76 From 1979-1996, the mean rate of total firearm deaths was 3.6 (95% CI, 3.3-3.9) per 100,000 pop

77 perpetrator) and in trends of rates of total firearm deaths, firearm homicides and suicides, and tota

78 R-population subsets accounting for 41.7% of firearm deaths.

79 U.S. gun owners who had recently acquired a firearm did so without a background check.

80 The firearm discharge process is analogous to a complex chem

81 The firearm discharge process is analogous to a complex chem

82 e containing GSR particles expelled during a firearm discharge was used as an analog for the clothing

83 tion of gunshot residue (GSR) particles from firearms discharges has been developed.

84 rm owners who were more likely to think that firearm discussions are at least sometimes appropriate i

85 her income counties, decedents killed by non-firearm (e.g., Taser) versus firearm mechanisms, and dea

86 eristics such as firearm ownership for 2013, firearm export rates, and non-firearm homicide rates for

87 Broadly reducing availability and access to firearms has lowered firearm suicide rates in other coun

88 thod for their initial self-harm, especially firearms, have an exceptionally high risk of suicide, pa

89 zard ratio=7.5, 95% CI=5.5-10.1), especially firearms (hazard ratio=15.86, 95% CI=10.7-23.4; computed

90 t this was not statistically significant for firearm homicide (ratio of trends, 0.975; 95% CI, 0.949-

91 ship for 2013, firearm export rates, and non-firearm homicide rates for 2009, and unemployment rates

92 in trends of rates of total firearm deaths, firearm homicides and suicides, and total homicides and

93 the purchase of firearms or ammunition, and firearm identification nationally could substantially re

94 ase could reduce it to 1.99 per 100,000, and firearm identification to 1.81 per 100,000.

95 sked where and when they acquired their last firearm; if they purchased the firearm; and whether, as

96 Among adolescents with a firearm in home, those with access were significantly mo

97 Self-reported access to a firearm in the home.

98 cide are preferred by young men: hanging and firearms in high-income countries, pesticide poisoning i

99 Our results support the hypothesis that firearms in the home impose suicide risk above and beyon

100 Research suggests that access to firearms in the home increases the risk for violent deat

101 firearms and also require them to relinquish firearms in their possession were associated with 9.7% l

102 Exposure to firearms increased substantially after the December 2012

103 in gun availability, might lower the rate of firearm-induced homicides.

104 gun availability promotes the occurrence of firearm-induced homicides.

105 e/ethnicity and intent in fatal and nonfatal firearm injuries (FFIs and NFIs) in United States during

106 Total firearm injuries (n = 1,328,109) increased annually by 0

107 Results: Patients with unintentional firearm injuries (n = 180) were more likely than those w

108 differ between patients with assault-related firearm injuries (n = 339) and those with other assault-

109 were not associated with increases in local firearm injuries (rate ratio [RR], 0.99 [CI, 0.97 to 1.0

110 ssociated with short-term increases in local firearm injuries and whether this association differs by

111 Conclusion: Some firearm injuries classified as accidental may indicate i

112 ation was driven by significant increases in firearm injuries from interpersonal violence (RR, 2.23 [

113 sociated with local, short-term increases in firearm injuries in California.

114 ients with unintentional and assault-related firearm injuries was 10% and 15% (subhazard ratio, 1.88

115 hether they are associated with increases in firearm injuries.

116 and after a patient becomes hospitalized for firearm injury according to injury intent (intentional [

117 ty-five percent of respondents believed that firearm injury is a public health issue, and 71% believe

118 ion by victims of unintentional (accidental) firearm injury is limited.

119 n programs typically focus on patients whose firearm injury occurred through interpersonal violence (

120 Compared with the 2 weeks before, postshow firearm injury rates remained stable in regions near Cal

121 Investigating firearm injury trends over the past decade, we examined

122 ns aged 15 years or older hospitalized for a firearm injury, other injuries, or a noninjury reason fr

123 cians' attitudes and practices in preventing firearm injury.

124 l community's attention to the prevention of firearm injury.

125 ect who has handled, loaded, or discharged a firearm is described.

126 ally identify a gunshot residue (GSR) when a firearm is discharged is a very important and crucial pa

127 Access to firearms is associated with risk for completed suicide a

128 eir effect on personal decisions to purchase firearms is not well-understood.

129 rms in Australia in 1996, there were no mass firearm killings through May 2016.

130 IPV-related firearm laws (predictor) and annual, state-specific, tot

131 dy the association between state IPV-related firearm laws and IPH rates over a 25-year period (1991 t

132 Very few of the existing state-specific firearm laws are associated with reduced firearm mortali

133 tion between state and federal youth-focused firearm laws mandating a minimum age for the purchase or

134 n the USA, US states have enacted a range of firearm laws to either strengthen or deregulate the exis

135 tality if the three most strongly associated firearm laws were enacted at the federal level.

136 ine the independent association of different firearm laws with overall firearm mortality, homicide fi

137 Of 25 firearm laws, nine were associated with reduced firearm

138 th identifying the most effective aspects of firearm legislation and creating legislation that equall

139 We sought to determine whether state firearm legislation correlated with firearm-related fata

140 The politicized and controversial topic of firearm legislation has been grossly understudied when t

141 Restrictive firearm legislation is associated with decreased pediatr

142 orting System database and compared by state firearm legislation rankings with respect to FFR.

143 rtance of focusing on relevant and effective firearms legislation.

144 a background check (or were asked to show a firearm license or permit).

145 However, the rates of suicide by firearm (males: 1996-1998, 2.05; and 2008-2010: 2.69 tim

146 y-level covariates, decedents injured by non-firearm mechanisms had higher odds of underreporting in

147 s killed by non-firearm (e.g., Taser) versus firearm mechanisms, and deaths recorded by a medical exa

148 ome counties and for decedents killed by non-firearm mechanisms.

149 ew circumstances under which questions about firearms might be most appropriate if they are not asked

150 ity, homicide firearm mortality, and suicide firearm mortality across all US states.

151 s for firearm purchase could reduce national firearm mortality from 10.35 to 4.46 deaths per 100,000

152 We also projected the potential reduction of firearm mortality if the three most strongly associated

153 cation nationally could substantially reduce firearm mortality in the USA.

154 In an effort to reduce firearm mortality rates in the USA, US states have enact

155 ost strongly associated with reduced overall firearm mortality were universal background checks for f

156 rtality, nine were associated with increased firearm mortality, and seven had an inconclusive associa

157 aws with overall firearm mortality, homicide firearm mortality, and suicide firearm mortality across

158 fic firearm laws are associated with reduced firearm mortality, and this evidence underscores the imp

159 ation of different firearm laws with overall firearm mortality, homicide firearm mortality, and suici

160 earm laws, nine were associated with reduced firearm mortality, nine were associated with increased f

161 zation (FRH) and determinants of in-hospital firearm mortality.

162 rreporting in the NVSS than those injured by firearms (odds ratio [OR]: 68.2; 95% CI: 15.7, 297.5; p

163 er, obtain licensure, retain, and/or carry a firearm of any sort.

164 vention (CAP) laws requiring safe storage of firearms on suicide rates among youth.

165 versal background checks for the purchase of firearms or ammunition, and firearm identification natio

166 ber 2015, using the search terms suicide AND firearms OR guns.

167 political issues arise during regulation of firearms or pesticides.

168 ated death (sHR, 4.3 [CI, 1.3 to 14.1]), and firearm- or violence-related arrest (sHR, 2.7 [CI, 2.0 t

169 m-related death, and the combined outcome of firearm- or violence-related arrest ascertained through

170 f subsequent FRH, firearm-related death, and firearm- or violence-related arrest were 329 (95% CI, 14

171 Conclusion: Two thirds of non-firearm owners and over one half of firearm owners in th

172 s of non-firearm owners and over one half of firearm owners in the United States believe that health

173 Firearm owners who were more likely to think that firear

174 may underlie these views, particularly among firearm owners.

175 e attempt rates (2008-2009), higher rates of firearm ownership (assessed in 2004) were strongly assoc

176 gating geographic and temporal variations in firearm ownership and firearm suicide rates indicate tha

177 in states with higher than average household firearm ownership compared with states with lower than a

178 , and state-specific characteristics such as firearm ownership for 2013, firearm export rates, and no

179 er countries, show that legislation reducing firearm ownership lowers firearm suicide rates.

180 the world regarding the relationship between firearm ownership rates and firearm suicide rates and th

181 l-established relationship between household firearm ownership rates and suicide mortality persists a

182 These findings suggest that firearm ownership rates, independent of underlying rates

183 o substantial increases in the prevalence of firearm ownership.

184 compared with states with lower than average firearm ownership.

185 Views varied by firearm ownership: 54% (CI, 52% to 57%) of gun owners sa

186 psychiatric illness, deployment history, and firearms ownership were lacking.

187 The specific firearm parameters determine the conditions of the react

188 ods dominate country-specific suicide rates: firearms, pesticides, and hanging.

189 w them to identify the consequences to their firearm-possessing patients, understand their own roles

190 "Relinquishment" laws prohibit firearm possession and also explicitly require offenders

191 ), some states have adopted laws restricting firearm possession by intimate partner violence (IPV) of

192 findings suggest that state laws restricting firearm possession by persons deemed to be at risk for p

193 nary analysis suggests that a ban of private firearm possession, or possibly a partial reduction in g

194 gun-related homicide rate: a ban of private firearms possession, or a policy allowing the general po

195 rtality were universal background checks for firearm purchase (multivariable IRR 0.39 [95% CI 0.23-0.

196 mentation of universal background checks for firearm purchase could reduce national firearm mortality

197 For firearms purchased privately within the previous 2 years

198 rease in the number of background checks for firearm purchases.

199 Firearm (r=0.41) and non-firearm suicide rates (r=0.32)

200 un shows may be due to California's stricter firearm regulations.

201 be a useful piece of information in forensic firearm-related cases.

202 eases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification firearm-related cause-of-injury codes.

203 hazard ratio [sHR], 21.2 [CI, 7.0 to 64.0]), firearm-related death (sHR, 4.3 [CI, 1.3 to 14.1]), and

204 nsel their patients to reduce their risk for firearm-related death or serious injury.

205 ndex FRH (n = 613), rates of subsequent FRH, firearm-related death, and firearm- or violence-related

206 Primary outcomes included subsequent FRH, firearm-related death, and the combined outcome of firea

207 subsequent FRH and 7.3 (CI, 2.4 to 22.9) for firearm-related death.

208 ov 1, 2014, to May 15, 2015, using counts of firearm-related deaths in each US state for the years 20

209 31,672 firearm-related deaths occurred in 2010 in the USA (10.1

210 n 2005 and 2013 (n = 915 shows) and rates of firearm-related deaths, emergency department visits, and

211 er state firearm legislation correlated with firearm-related fatality rates (FFR) during a 15-year pe

212 tween the legal availability of guns and the firearm-related homicide rate has been debated.

213 cause-, gender-, and race-specific trends in firearm-related hospitalization (FRH) and determinants o

214 nt victimization or crime perpetration after firearm-related hospitalization (FRH) must be determined

215 In response to firearm violence and other firearm-related injuries and deaths, an interdisciplinar

216 research to support strategies for reducing firearm-related injuries and deaths.

217 Most firearm-related injuries are nonfatal and require hospit

218 e anatomic triage criteria for patients with firearm-related injuries are simple.

219 This study is a retrospective analysis of firearm-related injuries in residents of Cook County, Il

220 Undertriage of firearm-related injuries is a good model for evaluating

221 e is limited information about patients with firearm-related injuries undertriaged to nondesignated f

222 Undertriage of firearm-related injuries was much more prevalent than ex

223 are 19 trauma centers, 2842 of 9886 (28.7%) firearm-related injuries were initially treated in nonde

224 effectiveness of clinical efforts to prevent firearm-related injuries, and what patients think about

225 ion, and clinical outcomes of undertriage of firearm-related injuries.

226 Hospitalization for a firearm-related injury is associated with a heightened r

227 s of interventions delivered to survivors of firearm-related injury is warranted.

228 The endemic firearm-related injury rates during the first decade of

229 Among the 4934 cases with firearm-related injury who met the anatomic triage crite

230 mate partner violence, self-directed injury, firearm-related injury, and elder physical abuse) for co

231 mate partner violence, self-directed injury, firearm-related injury, and elder physical abuse.

232 CI, 3.4% to 15.5% reduction) and 14.0% lower firearm-related IPH rates (CI, 5.1% to 22.0% reduction)

233 ctor) and annual, state-specific, total, and firearm-related IPH rates (outcome).

234 th negative binomial regression, and data on firearm-related mass killings were compared.

235 Our primary outcome measure was overall firearm-related mortality per 100,000 people in the USA

236 States and total age-adjusted suicide rates, firearm-related suicide rates, and non-firearm-related s

237 ates, firearm-related suicide rates, and non-firearm-related suicide rates.

238 Most respondents believed that firearm-related violence is a public health issue and fa

239 State scorecards were obtained from firearm-restrictive (Brady Campaign/Law Center against G

240 rofessionals to talk to their patients about firearms?" Results: A majority (66% [95% CI, 63% to 69%]

241 es analysis of a casing after discharge of a firearm revealing organic signature molecules including

242 lly salient health issues, such as drug use, firearm safety, and sexual behavior.

243 well as physician education and training in firearm safety.

244 owners residing in states regulating private firearm sales and 57% (CI, 40% to 75%) for those living

245 ing in states without regulations on private firearm sales.

246 ially in states that do not regulate private firearm sales.

247 Adjusted odds ratios for firearm-specific suicide were calculated with 95% CIs.

248 cs Query and Reporting System, data about 25 firearm state laws implemented in 2009, and state-specif

249 is to educate clinicians about the impact of firearms statutes and restrictions for their patients.

250 The firearms statutes of the 50 states, the District of Colu

251 ized health issues (marijuana, abortion, and firearm storage).

252 ration in the preexisting downward trend for firearm suicide (ratio of trends, 0.981; 95% CI, 0.970-0

253 nt implementation and outcome evaluation for firearm suicide prevention.

254 The overall firearm suicide rate (IRR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57-0.85) and

255 ion in both the overall suicide rate and the firearm suicide rate after the Army XXI reform.

256 ide rate (IRR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57-0.85) and firearm suicide rate among white boys (IRR = 0.72; 95% C

257 showed statistically significant changes in firearm suicide rate and overall suicide rate.

258 patterns of the overall suicide rate and the firearm suicide rate before and after the reform.

259 Firearm (r=0.41) and non-firearm suicide rates (r=0.32) were also positively corr

260 tionship between firearm ownership rates and firearm suicide rates and the potential effectiveness of

261 Firearm suicide rates declined, and the rates of hanging

262 ilability and access to firearms has lowered firearm suicide rates in other countries but does not ap

263 temporal variations in firearm ownership and firearm suicide rates indicate that greater firearm avai

264 egislation reducing firearm ownership lowers firearm suicide rates.

265 rearm availability is associated with higher firearm suicide rates.

266 ted with higher rates of overall suicide and firearm suicide, but not with nonfirearm suicide (2008-2

267 ss of policy-based strategies for preventing firearm suicides in the United States.

268 t was estimated that 22% of the reduction in firearm suicides was substituted by other suicide method

269 s were more likely to attempt suicide with a firearm than those never deployed (currently deployed: O

270 weapon carrying, community Environment, and firearm Threats) score was derived.

271 ing a subject who has loaded or discharged a firearm to verify involvement in a crime, hence providin

272 rms and disclosing patient information about firearms to others, even when threats to health and safe

273 hich disclosure of patient information about firearms to third parties is supported by regulations im

274 ic factors did not predict multiple victims, firearm use in the crime, or a guilty verdict.

275 els examined predictors of multiple victims, firearm use, guilty plea, and guilty verdict.

276 Firearm violence (victimization/perpetration) and valida

277 Interpersonal firearm violence among youth is a substantial public hea

278 In response to firearm violence and other firearm-related injuries and

279 ause-effect relationship between exposure to firearm violence and subsequent perpetration of serious

280 Results indicate that exposure to firearm violence approximately doubles the probability t

281 ere enrolled, and presence/absence of future firearm violence during follow-up could be ascertained i

282 SaFETy was associated with firearm violence in the validation set (odds ratio [OR],

283 studied when the relative impact of American firearm violence is considered.

284 Given the 96 incidents of firearm violence on school campuses since Sandy Hook and

285 5 risk strata observed in the training data, firearm violence rates in the validation set were 18.2%

286 contributors and public policies related to firearm violence, as well as physician education and tra

287 ns have unique opportunities to help prevent firearm violence.

288 guide resource allocation for prevention of firearm violence.

289 derive a clinically feasible risk index for firearm violence.

290 They are the most visible form of firearm violence.

291 e questionnaire items and is associated with firearm violence.

292 to 25%) said that provider discussions about firearms were always appropriate, 14% (CI, 11% to 16%) s

293 did not explicitly require relinquishment of firearms were associated with a non-statistically signif

294 ian practices in asking and counseling about firearms, which are done far less commonly than recommen

295 re providers have been encouraged to discuss firearms with patients; whether patients view these disc

296 n, emphasizing that physicians may ask about firearms (with rare exceptions), may counsel about firea

297 2% of current U.S. gun owners who acquired a firearm within the past 2 years did so without a backgro

298 ers who reported obtaining their most recent firearm within the previous 2 years reported doing so wi

299 S. gun owners who acquired their most recent firearm without a background check, by time since and ma

300 a smaller proportion of gun owners obtaining firearms without background checks than in the past, mil