ライフサイエンスコーパス: flowering

1 ckground show early, photoperiod-insensitive flowering.

2 repressing COL2 in cultivated cotton delays flowering.

3 teracting genetic variation for dormancy and flowering.

4 (F-box of flowering 2) negatively regulates flowering.

5 hat reduce Hd3a and RFT1 expression to delay flowering.

6 ion is a critical mechanism in photoperiodic flowering.

7 t simply due to a delay in the transition to flowering.

8 on of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), which promotes flowering.

9 of the transition from vegetative growth to flowering.

10 S C gene regulation during the transition to flowering.

11 on of FT1 expression and the acceleration of flowering.

12 ) and positive (Germany) effects during crop flowering.

13 of CO and FT during the morning for seasonal flowering.

14 ivation complexes depend on OsFD1 to promote flowering.

15 aves to the shoot apical meristem to promote flowering.

16 nally, loss of JMJ27 function leads to early flowering.

17 iations by monitoring day length to initiate flowering.

18 ) that removed vernalization requirement for flowering.

19 ion of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and PERPETUAL FLOWERING 1 (PEP1), two orthologous MADS-box TFs that re

20 that the photoresponsive gene FOF2 (F-box of flowering 2) negatively regulates flowering.

21 ays revealed that SFPS associates with EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) mRNA, a critical link between light s

22 At flowering (80 d), RCS increased simulated plant growth b

23 earliest upland maize was adapted for early flowering, a characteristic of modern temperate maize.

24 pid-flowering accession Bd21 and the delayed-flowering accession Bd1-1 were grown in a variety of env

25 ation derived from a cross between the rapid-flowering accession Bd21 and the delayed-flowering acces

26 or indirectly to the activation of potential flowering activators shortly before the commencement of

27 ), a perennial bioenergy crop, because later flowering allows for an extended period of vegetative gr

28 ) in phloem companion cells results in early flowering and a decreased sensitivity to photoperiod in

29 Spatial and temporal overlap between mass flowering and co-blooming crops alters the strength and

30 ), two orthologous MADS-box TFs that repress flowering and confer vernalization requirement in the Br

31 as having restricted root growth, being late flowering and displaying an overall delayed growth pheno

32 Conversely, e[CO2] + HT during flowering and early grain filling significantly reduced

33 as9-engineered mutations in SP5G cause rapid flowering and enhance the compact determinate growth hab

34 despite pleiotropy of genes that affect both flowering and germination, the function of these genes c

35 reased tolerance to high temperatures during flowering and grain filling using donors such as NL-44,

36 hat controls the photoperiodic regulation of flowering and growth and offer insight into how plants a

37 e model organism Arabidopsis thaliana, using flowering and growth-related traits.

38 mportant agronomic traits including bolting, flowering and leaf numbers.

39 idely used in lupin breeding to confer early flowering and maturity.

40 lycopersicum) mutant shows severely delayed flowering and precocious doming of the vegetative SAM LT

41 lose correspondence between the phenology of flowering and the detection of plants within the honey.

42 as a purple-colored upright spathe, profuse flowering, and floral scent, some of which have been int

43 es, had an extended time between bolting and flowering, and produced more seeds than plants grown fro

44 The effect of mass flowering apple on strawberry was dependent on the stage

45 We investigated the effects of mass flowering apple on the pollinator community and yield of

46 study, we report that exogenous treatment of flowering Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants with

47 doming of vegetative SAMs combined with late flowering, as found in ltm plants.

48 maize was marginally adapted with respect to flowering, as well as short, tillering, and segregating

49 A subgroup of flowering-associated genes is precociously upregulated i

50 and to make these plants competent to induce flowering at low postvernalisation temperatures in the s

51 ncreased within-season fecundity in an early-flowering background, but decreased it in a late-floweri

52 ering background, but decreased it in a late-flowering background.

53 nderstory treelets did not show increases in flowering but did show increases in duration.

54 rticularly at northern latitudes, where late-flowering but southern-adapted varieties have high winte

55 ations including extreme branching and early flowering by affecting the expression of genes involved

56 Moreover, whereas the CDF5 protein delays flowering by directly repressing FT transcription, FLORE

57 CO in vivo, suggesting that COL12 represses flowering by inhibiting CO protein function.

58 The acceleration of flowering by NB disappeared in ppd1-null mutants, demons

59 ne FCA, and the repressive effect of FOF2 in flowering can be overcome by vernalization.

60 However, mass flowering crops create resource pulses that may be impor

61 Flowering date (anthesis) varied 91 days from late July

62 sponse to reductions in diversity, with peak flowering date advancing an average of 0.6 days per spec

63 Mapped climatypes of flowering date for contemporary and future climates illu

64 fects modeling explained 79% of variation in flowering date, of which 46% could be assigned to plasti

65 commodate, on average, a +/-13-day change in flowering date.

66 Using observed flowering dates and disaggregating heat-stress impacts,

67 We find that first leafing and flowering dates are sensitive to forcing (spring) temper

68 Peak flowering dates were also more dispersed among species i

69 The possibility of regulating the runnering-flowering decision in strawberry via FveGA20ox4 provides

70 daptation to temperate climates that ensures flowering does not occur before the onset of winter.

71 owering were accompanied by a lengthening of flowering duration for canopy and midstory trees.

72 leaves, but they also uniquely display early flowering, earlier stem lignification, and lodging stems

73 wo main lineages, a mostly Extremely Delayed Flowering (EDF+) clade and a mostly Spanish (S+) - Turki

74 ity can alter the timing and distribution of flowering events, and that these changes to phenology ar

75 , as well as evidence of recent selection in flowering genes possibly associated with the feralizatio

76 d-summer germination in both early- and late-flowering genetic backgrounds.

77 Strong dormancy and late-flowering genotypes were both necessary to confer a wint

78 phenology-the timing of life events, such as flowering, germination, and leaf-out.

79 The effect of atmospheric CO2 on flowering has diminished over the most recent decade for

80 d DNE, and recessive ppd mutants on a spring-flowering hr mutant background show early, photoperiod-i

81 onses but have opposite functions to control flowering in Arabidopsis, presumably due to the evolutio

82 s response but opposite functions to control flowering in Arabidopsis.

83 to play a role in RNA silencing and promote flowering in Arabidopsis.

84 ) EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3) that confers early flowering in chickpea.

85 The 11-bp deletion was associated with early flowering in global chickpea germplasm but was not widel

86 The mechanisms promoting or delaying flowering in response to ambient temperature changes are

87 ion is a response to winter cold to initiate flowering in spring.

88 ring plants developed more petals than those flowering in summer.

89 thaliana, FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM) regulates flowering in the ambient temperature range and FLM is tr

90 re we show that loss of day-length-sensitive flowering in tomato was driven by the florigen paralog a

91 Conditions associated with spring flowering, including cool ambient temperature, short pho

92 n there is insufficient biomass, and ensures flowering independent of environmental conditions; howev

93 While FT2a maintained the flowering inducer function, other genes went through con

94 drought, heat, or end-of-season frost, early flowering is a highly desirable trait for chickpea (Cice

95 In Arabidopsis, development during flowering is coordinated by transport of the hormone aux

96 While tall, late flowering landraces are commonly grown in Africa, short

97 and assessed the effects on transcription of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and PERPETUAL FLOWERING 1 (PEP1)

98 to mediate silencing of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) during the process of vernalizat

99 Cold-induced epigenetic repression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) in the plant Arabidopsis provide

100 rabidopsis, a key flowering repressor called FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) quantitatively controls the vern

101 lator CONSTANS (CO) and positively modulates FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC).

102 anner consistent with their known effects on FLOWERING LOCUS C gene regulation during the transition

103 In Arabidopsis thaliana, FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM) regulates flowering in the ambie

104 e expression approaches to determine whether Flowering Locus T (FT) homologues are associated with th

105 long days, when it induces the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), which promotes flowering.

106 regulators: VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1), VRN2, and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT).

107 xpression of HEADING DATE 3a (Hd3a) and RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 (RFT1) is induced in leaves.

108 at multiple loci, including in a homolog of FLOWERING LOCUS T and in a locus containing TIMELESS, a

109 While induction of FLOWERING LOCUS T homologs was very early in ICCV 96029,

110 notype of ftip1-1 possibly through affecting FLOWERING LOCUS T in different manners, exemplifying tha

111 to efficiently bind the CORE element of the FLOWERING LOCUS T promoter.

112 y conditions by decreasing the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T This phenotype is genetically dependen

113 We conclude by showing that CONSTANS and FLOWERING LOCUS T, components of the photoperiod pathway

114 miR172-resistant (35S::TOE1(R) ) and mutant (flowering locus T-10 (ft-10)) lines were used for functi

115 Under LD, PPD1 activates FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (FT1), a mobile signaling protein tha

116 nes and repressed the floral integrator gene FLOWERING LOCUS T1 independently of the genotype.

117 d of a cool temperature event increased when flowering occurred later in the season.

118 decade for lianas and canopy trees, whereas flowering of midstory trees and shrub species continued

119 ss conditionally expressed genes involved in flowering or DNA repair, including the DNA glycosylase R

120 Expression of LanFTc1 in the ku (late-flowering) parent was strongly induced by vernalization,

121 vernalization, in contrast to the Ku (early-flowering) parent, which showed constitutively high LanF

122 To test whether genes in the vernalization flowering pathway also influence germination, we assesse

123 Genes in the vernalization flowering pathway also influenced seed germination.

124 with the B. distachyon homologs of the major flowering pathway genes VRN2 and FT, whereas no linkage

125 FT in the presence of BBX32 to regulate the flowering pathway.

126 tic background on the expression of cold and flowering pathways.

127 ant versus adjacent) following the two month flowering period.

128 In addition, flowering phenology in a given year was delayed if summe

129 A similar pattern was seen over time for the flowering phenology of a widespread species, Cassiope te

130 ncreased rapidly over the past 75 years, and flowering phenology of the plant community is advanced i

131 ite this, there has been no overall shift in flowering phenology over this period.

132 ression of MpGPS.SSU in tobacco caused early flowering phenotype and increased shoot branching by ele

133 croRNA expression system, restores the early flowering phenotype caused by CmNF-YB8 silencing.

134 that mctp6-1 significantly enhances the late-flowering phenotype of ftip1-1 possibly through affectin

135 The late flowering phenotype of the FOF2 overexpression lines is

136 ncy in the Atbhlh112 mutant, but the delayed-flowering phenotype tends to be more severe.

137 ings and the Atbhlh112 mutant display a late-flowering phenotype.

138 of FOF2 and FOL1 (FOF2-LIKE 1) present early flowering phenotypes.

139 anged in concentric whorls exists across all flowering plant (angiosperm) species.

140 The flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana is a dicot model or

141 cellular structures in M. polymorpha and the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana suggests that these

142 by PIN proteins is a primary determinant of flowering plant branching patterns regulating both branc

143 > 1500 species from three widely distributed flowering plant families (Asteraceae, Brassicaceae and S

144 haracterizes the albuminous seeds of ancient flowering plant lineages.

145 Here, we use the flowering plant Oryza sativa (rice) to characterize tran

146 d sPPases, Pr-p26.1a and Pr-p26.1b, from the flowering plant Papaver rhoeas were inhibited by phospho

147 xpanded early in vertebrate evolution, while flowering plant PP2A subunit lineages evolved much more

148 With more than 80% of flowering plant species specialized for animal pollinati

149 and analogous reproductive structure in non-flowering plant species, tRFs accumulate to high levels.

150 ation patterns of species that diverged from flowering plants and animals over a billion years ago.

151 ansion of PP2A subunit gene families in both flowering plants and animals was driven by whole-genome

152 Flowers are vehicles of Darwinian fitness in flowering plants and are attacked by herbivores and path

153 roteins constitute a large protein family in flowering plants and are thought to be mostly involved i

154 ctan are two important carbohydrates in many flowering plants and in human diets.

155 ave expanded into multigene families in both flowering plants and mammals, and the extent to which di

156 y is a pervasive evolutionary feature of all flowering plants and some animals, leading to genetic an

157 concomitantly with the land colonization by flowering plants and, by inference, could have been a ma

158 Gene bodies of vertebrates and flowering plants are occupied by the histone variant H3.

159 Acknowledgements References Flowering plants can be far more productive than other l

160 al variation in C. hirsuta, such that spring flowering plants developed more petals than those flower

161 olved progressively as lycophytes, ferns and flowering plants diverged.

162 the paradigm for PIN-regulated branching in flowering plants does not fit bryophyte gametophytes.

163 Flowering plants evolved from an unidentified gymnosperm

164 Overall, we found that flowering plants exhibited species-specific direct and p

165 lus guttatus, collecting the early- and late-flowering plants from each of three neighboring populati

166 rgence of these genes in different groups of flowering plants have resulted in differences in gene fu

167 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves double fertilization, the unio

168 tures in the previous year, and that of late-flowering plants primarily by temperatures 2 years earli

169 ramming during the sporophytic life cycle of flowering plants regulates genes is presently unknown.

170 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants requires communication between synergid

171 tage is the critical developmental switch in flowering plants to ensure optimal fitness and/or yield.

172 Phenology of early-flowering plants was negatively affected only by tempera

173 -function of FRS7 and FRS12 results in early flowering plants with overly elongated hypocotyls mainly

174 bees provided with a very high diversity of flowering plants within the National Botanic Garden of W

175 Angiosperms (flowering plants) are the most diverse of all major line

176 d wild-type male gamete containing pollen of flowering plants, and analogous reproductive structure i

177 tween the two are not well known outside the flowering plants, and the paradigm for PIN-regulated bra

178 mpacts of wildflower gardens on urban native flowering plants, and we reveal substantial gaps in our

179 75% of extant flowering plants, are important for human livelihood and

180 In flowering plants, developing embryos reside in maternal

181 In flowering plants, fertilization requires complex cell-to

182 ass of iridoids, found in various species of flowering plants, harbors astonishing chemical complexit

183 In flowering plants, the female gametophyte controls pollen

184 Given the extensive conservation of gbM in flowering plants, this suggests that gbM could be an imp

185 In flowering plants, two pairs of gametes participate in do

186 In many flowering plants, xyloglucan is a major component of pri

187 ral to reconstructing the early evolution of flowering plants.

188 arge, highly successful Compositae family of flowering plants.

189 reproducing organisms, including mammals and flowering plants.

190 current expansions via serial duplication in flowering plants.

191 ependently many times in diverse lineages of flowering plants.

192 sion and contributes to cellular function in flowering plants.

193 SEPALLATA proteins just before the origin of flowering plants.

194 ster-of-PIN1 (SoPIN1), which is conserved in flowering plants.

195 ns have been rampant during the evolution of flowering plants.

196 rtilizers; (b) loss of nectar resources from flowering plants; and (c) degraded overwintering forest

197 llular diploid sporophyte in both mosses and flowering plants; however, the morphological context in

198 op leaf primordia one or more years prior to flowering (preformation); these results suggest that tem

199 e this change is widespread, its role in the flowering process is unknown.

200 ion from juvenile to adult, as well as early flowering, regardless of day length conditions.

201 e underpinned the evolution of photoperiodic flowering regulation in soybean domestication and highli

202 JMJ27 negatively modulates the major flowering regulator CONSTANS (CO) and positively modulat

203 CONSTANS (CO/B-BOX PROTEIN1 BBX1), a master flowering regulator, forms a trimer with Arabidopsis tha

204 OME C and VERNALIZATION2, loci identified as flowering regulators in the domesticated crops wheat and

205 reals has highlighted the role of three main flowering regulators: VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1), VRN2, and F

206 itable pollinators and/or the presence of co-flowering relatives.

207 In Arabidopsis, a key flowering repressor called FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) quant

208 d to FLC in eudicots but also functions as a flowering repressor in the vernalization pathway of Brac

209 omato was driven by the florigen paralog and flowering repressor SELF-PRUNING 5G (SP5G).

210 locally in leaves to fine-tune photoperiodic flowering responses.

211 owering without cold exposure, and the rapid-flowering rvr1 phenotype is dependent on VRN1 The precoc

212 Throughout the flowering season, we monitored pollinator visitation and

213 Strong flowering signals can result in termination of the SAM,

214 Overexpression of COL12 causes late flowering specifically in long day conditions by decreas

215 light ("night-break" [NB]) accelerates wheat flowering, suggesting that the duration of the night is

216 The domesticated allele causes later flowering than the wild allele under short day and exhib

217 negative effects on agricultural systems and flowering that may occur during climate change.

218 stages of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) flowering, the inflorescence stem undergoes rapid growth

219 appreciable variation in genetic effects on flowering time across both time and space; the greatest

220 d vernalization pathways interact to control flowering time and floret fertility in response to ambie

221 pread concordance of C3 grasses accelerating flowering time and general delays for C4 grasses with in

222 The relationship of flowering time and geographic origin indicates likely ro

223 gene networks for two major breeding traits, flowering time and oil metabolism, and revealed new cand

224 ontribute to domestication traits, including flowering time and seed dormancy.

225 Major alleles for seed dormancy and flowering time are well studied, and can interact to inf

226 We identify associations with flowering time at multiple loci, including in a homolog

227 s on the regulatory role of MCTP1 (FTIP1) in flowering time control in Arabidopsis, demonstrating tha

228 nctionally characterized in other plants for flowering time control, seed development and pod dehisce

229 egulation of FLORE, whereas GUS-staining and flowering time evaluation were used to determine its bio

230 ime-associated expression of eight potential flowering time genes was confirmed in three tulip cultiv

231 We found that the genomic architecture of flowering time has been shaped by the most recent whole-

232 pe AP2 gene family, members of which control flowering time in Arabidopsis.

233 the genetic control of natural variation in flowering time in Brachypodium distachyon, a nondomestic

234 ironmental and endogenous cues that regulate flowering time in C. hirsuta We found that petal number

235 hylation may regulate defense mechanisms and flowering time in plants.

236 ient temperatures are major cues determining flowering time in spring.

237 r understanding of the genetic regulation of flowering time in switchgrass will aid the development o

238 st that loss of PPD function does not affect flowering time in the presence of functional HR, whereas

239 i suggests that greater complexity underlies flowering time in this nondomesticated system.

240 Flowering time is a major determinant of biomass yield i

241 This suggests that variation in flowering time is controlled in part by a set of genes b

242 e form strictly correlate (R(2) = 0.94) with flowering time over an extended vegetative period.

243 investigate the natural diversity governing flowering time pathways in a nondomesticated grass, the

244 ith no link to known meristem maintenance or flowering time pathways.

245 nctional analyses in Arabidopsis resulted in flowering time phenotypes in line with TgTFL1 being a fl

246 es insights into the evolutionary context of flowering time regulation in the Poaceae as well as eluc

247 further validate pKWmEB, we re-analyzed four flowering time related traits in Arabidopsis thaliana, a

248 Ppd-H1-dependent variation in flowering time under different ambient temperatures corr

249 Our results suggest that flowering time variation in switchgrass is due to variat

250 Flowering time variation is a main factor driving rapid

251 ive trait locus on Ca5 that explained 59% of flowering time variation under short days.

252 utonomous pathways in generating switchgrass flowering time variation.

253 nt interactions as an important influence on flowering time variation.

254 Flowering time was delayed for most grass species with i

255 Flowering time was evaluated in F4:5 families in five en

256 rait loci (QTLs) that control differences in flowering time were identified.

257 contrast, more lateral branches and delayed flowering time were observed in SPL13 silenced plants.

258 We use this method to map loci for flowering time within natural populations of Mimulus gut

259 h physiological (defense) and developmental (flowering time) processes in Arabidopsis.

260 Early flowering time, a prolonged reproductive growth phase, a

261 mapping (FOAM) to map the genes that control flowering time, across 22 environments, and identified 1

262 nts of the photoperiod pathway that regulate flowering time, also control stomatal aperture in a dayl

263 henotype, reduced internodal length, delayed flowering time, and enhanced biomass yield.

264 Rising temperatures have begun to shift flowering time, but it is unclear whether phenotypic pla

265 e as traditional labor-intensive measures of flowering time, height, biomass, grain yield, and harves

266 sured traits such as leaf area, growth rate, flowering time, main stem branching, rosette branching,

267 ly favorable developmental traits, including flowering time, which resulted in the creation of variet

268 Subsequently, the flowering time-associated expression of eight potential

269 dentified 48 previously reported genes for 7 flowering time-related traits in Arabidopsis thaliana.

270 hich modulates defense against pathogens and flowering time.

271 ut responses determining seasonal growth and flowering time.

272 ated with altitude were also associated with flowering time.

273 ation, impairs COP1 function in coordinating flowering time.

274 s, and three major loci were found to govern flowering time.

275 is responsible for photoperiodic control of flowering time.

276 1 while the ICCV 96029 form had no effect on flowering time.

277 e exploration of the genetic architecture of flowering time.

278 iolation, and is also involved in regulating flowering time.

279 1 and COP1 controls CO stability to regulate flowering time.

280 Flowering-time genes were highly overrepresented among c

281 Many of the flowering-time QTLs are detected across a range of photo

282 nd suggest the possibility of convergence in flowering times and therefore an increase in gene flow a

283 e long-term (1895-2013) relationship between flowering times of grass species and climate in space an

284 tle about how biotic interactions can affect flowering times, a significant knowledge gap given ongoi

285 regimes, have also been linked to changes in flowering times.

286 ation, and consequently, adjust the onset of flowering to favourable environmental conditions.

287 K14, and its overexpression results in later flowering under both long-day and short-day photoperiods

288 eat (Triticum aestivum), the acceleration of flowering under long days (LD) is dependent on the light

289 tial role in the regulation of photoperiodic flowering under long-day conditions.

290 es are commonly grown in Africa, short early flowering varieties were selected in US grain sorghum br

291 PL transcription factors by miR156 influence flowering via control of NF-YB8 expression in Chrysanthe

292 vrn1 allele was strongly down-regulated, and flowering was delayed by high temperatures irrespective

293 ll species, the timing of leaf emergence and flowering was more sensitive to a given increase in summ

294 tive SAMs in ltm sp double mutants, and late flowering was partially suppressed, suggesting that LTM

295 onse is mediated by PPD1 The acceleration of flowering was strongest when NBs were applied in the mid

296 Increases in flowering were accompanied by a lengthening of flowering

297 during the reproductive stages (booting and flowering), were found to have the largest impact on yie

298 competence acquisition, prevents precocious flowering when there is insufficient biomass, and ensure

299 ions, suggesting that the genetic control of flowering within this population is robust.

300 evated in an rvr1 mutant, resulting in rapid flowering without cold exposure, and the rapid-flowering