ライフサイエンスコーパス: fluence

1 90 is the time to detect 90% of the observed fluence).

2 ed at an extended reaction time or higher UV fluence.

3 nt shows linear dependence on the laser beam fluence.

4 170 nm depending on the matrix and the laser fluence.

5 M-I interaction, which regulates the outflow fluence.

6 the fluorescence maximum depends on the burn fluence.

7 rystalline silicon as a function of time and fluence.

8 iance using data acquired with varying laser fluence.

9 ntration, sample deposition method and laser fluence.

10 peptides and synthetic polymers at low laser fluence.

11 rgy than for smaller spot sizes with greater fluence.

12 e benefit of tunable implantation energy and fluence.

13 growth of surface structures with increasing fluence.

14 aser (213 nm) operated at a rather low laser fluence.

15 ver nanoparticles as a function of the laser fluence.

16 tens of nanoseconds, depending on the laser fluence.

17 si-1D at low pump fluence to 3D at high pump fluence.

18 absolute reflectance modulation at low pump fluences.

19 he CdS arms emerging only at high excitation fluences.

20 with eradication of tumors exposed to higher fluences.

21 es, resulting in a gradual increase of light fluences.

22 ture linearly decreasing with increasing ion fluences.

23 ment were studied over a wide range of laser fluences (0.8 J/cm(2) to 24 J/cm(2)) corresponding to la

24 n advanced oxidation process (AOP) using UV (fluence = 1500 mJ/cm(2)) and H2O2 (10 mg/L).

25 We find that high-fluence (240 J/cm2) ablation at 6.45 microm, but not at

26 PDT regimens of two different fluences (48 and 128 J/cm(2)) were designed for the Colo

27 The ex vivo IOP(L) increased with increasing fluence (50-150 J/cm(2)).

28 each laser fluence used although lower laser fluences allowed more facile identification.

29 application of 272-537 mJ/cm(2) UV incident fluence alone reduced the accumulation of nitrosamines a

30 ed analysis was also employed to predict the fluence along specific paths of travel, which agreed wit

31 By controlling the FIB fluence and area of exposure of the PDMS, one can create

32 cursor ion survival on both desorption laser fluence and delay between desorption and photoionization

33 m, single pulse of green light comparable in fluence and duration to that previously shown to excite

34 e tunable capability of the ion implantation fluence and energy, a microstructure with grain size 25-

35 In addition to drug-uptake, the light fluence and fluence rate that were used for the light tr

36 The threshold laser fluence and ion yield were comparable to those observed

37 adaptively on the basis of changes in laser fluence and light emission with variation of the sensor-

38 Thus, the surgeon may deliver laser fluence and passes with localized control-ie, by varying

39 arison with theory allows us to extract LCLS fluence and pulse duration.

40 AP) using standard MALDI conditions of laser fluence and reflective geometry.

41 es that have a strong dependence on both ion fluence and sample temperature.

42 mary competitor of singlet fission at higher fluence and that fission from higher-lying states can al

43 , an effect that is correlated with cortical fluence and the mode of NILT delivery.

44 PDT regimens that use low fluences and fluence rates were the most successful.

45 bacterial damage observed at different laser fluences and nanoparticle sizes was verified by optical

46 er-carrier scattering under the investigated fluences and report the dependence of carrier scattering

47 res by changing the laser pulse delay, laser fluence, and pulse energy distribution ratio.

48 (5) and GaSb after application of large pump fluences, and are interpreted as 1 and 2 dimensional mod

49 ding these DBPs, at the 500-1000 mJ/cm(2) UV fluence applied in potable reuse trains, 50% removal wou

50 Even at low photon fluence (approximately 0.05 excitons per mum length of t

51 a function of surface coverage and Ar(+) ion fluence are addressed.

52 nonresonantly burned holes as a function of fluence, as well as the fluorescence line-narrowed spect

53 se in tryptophan fluorescence at incremental fluences, as well as linear phase diagrams.

54 f CD31-stained endothelium, whereas the same fluence at a high fluence rate maintained vessel endothe

55 High fluence at a low fluence rate led to ablation of CD31-st

56 Measurement error of acquired fluence at fluorescent emission wavelengths is shown to

57 imately 70-80% tumor cures, whereas the same fluence at the oxygen-depleting fluence rate of 112 mW/c

58 radiation have allowed identification of the fluence at which the graphene sheet loses long-range ord

59 thermal neutrons that suggested much higher fluences at larger distances than expected.

60 or PDS at 5.2 x 10(-5) Einstein.L(-1) photo fluence (at 254 nm) compared with UV irradiation alone.

61 The apparent molar absorptivity and fluence-based pseudo-first-order rate constants for tran

62 9 x 10(9) - 6.5 x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1)), photon fluence-based rate constants (k') (210-2730 m(2) einstei

63 to calculate specific molar absorptivity and fluence-based rate constants for cationic, zwitterionic,

64 -delayed pump and probe excitation pulses at fluences below the maximum permissible exposure, a modul

65 counts as a function of wavelength and laser fluence between 213 and 600 nm.

66 over a range of desorption/ionization laser fluences between 0.50 and 8.01 nJ/microm2.

67 oramidate, and diethyl phthalate using laser fluences between 0.58 and 7.83 nJ/microm2, and mass spec

68 The mutant is impaired in low-fluence BL responses, including chloroplast accumulation

69 laser systems in terms of reduced saturation fluence, broader bandwidth, and wavelength flexibility.

70 s required lower lethal energy densities, or fluence, but more pulse energy than for smaller spot siz

71 atment should be significant only at high UV fluence, characteristic of advanced oxidation processes.

72 In this work, the H(+) energy and fluence chosen for GaAs implantation are similar to that

73 energy proton and alpha radiation with total fluences comparable or exceeding that expected during an

74 Under high-fluence continuous R, phyD shows a gain in activity wher

75 silicon nanopowder requires much lower laser fluence (contributing to a reduced background) has much

76 l upon laser excitation stagnates at a laser fluence corresponding to the saturation of the free carr

77 On the other hand, behavior at higher fluence could be explained by an effect on the secondary

78 Red light fluence curves indicate that this difference is not like

79 Mapping the spatial and temporal fluence delivery and MS2 inactivation revealed the highe

80 oherent structures showing the dependency of fluence delivery on the reactor flow.

81 ion of 485 nm incident nanosecond pump laser fluence demonstrate a bimolecular (3)PDI*-(3)PDI* TTA ra

82 The fluence dependence and the polarization properties of th

83 eral conclusions of our earlier paper on the fluence dependence of single-spore mass spectra and is p

84 alysts each exhibit characteristic nonlinear fluence dependence.

85 Our findings reveal distinctive laser-fluence dependent crystal lattice responses, which are n

86 hat the response is specific to green light, fluence dependent, and detectable within 30 min.

87 to an erosion model is introduced in which a fluence-dependent decay in sputter yield is incorporated

88 There was a selective, fluence-dependent inhibition of tumor growth after PDT-B

89 Fluence-dependent luminescence is investigated from meta

90 Furthermore, fluence-dependent measurements indicate that carrier rel

91 (3D) long-range magnetic order restores on a fluence-dependent timescale of a few hundred picoseconds

92 uration fluences; however, the corresponding fluences differ by three orders of magnitude and have di

93 EM peak amplitudes were obtained for optical fluence differing by a factor of more than 60 at the int

94 Incident laser fluence directly impacts average charge state and in tur

95 At elevated laser fluence, efficient in-source decay was observed and exte

96 ime series analyses determined the safe dose fluence (electrons/nm(2)) for todorokite (10(6) e/nm(2))

97 single pulse of blue (B) light with a total fluence equal to that of 1 min of sunlight causes the de

98 On 27 December 2004, a giant flare with a fluence exceeding 0.3 erg cm(-2) was detected from SGR 1

99 When the outflow fluence exceeds a threshold, magnetic field tension cann

100 e dependence of c-axis expansion (Deltac) on fluence (F), with Deltac/F = 0.02 angstrom/(millijoule p

101 ignals play a role in all responses to 'high fluence' far-red light perceived by the light-labile phy

102 function of excitation and deactivation beam fluence, flow speed, and protein concentration were stud

103 Mass spectral variability with laser fluence for each explosive is discussed.

104 bI3 thin films as a function of the electron fluence for incident energies from 4.5 to 60 eV.

105 ith increasing pulse duration, the threshold fluences for coagulation, vessel disappearance, and cavi

106 Threshold fluences for fast events were determined.

107 centrations in the studied lakes, deposition fluences for their catchment areas were estimated.

108 adiated using 150 MeV Ag ions with different fluences from 5E10 to 3E12 ions/cm(2).

109 d significantly (P < .001), both in the half-fluence group (from 0.187 [+/- 0.187] to 0.083 [+/- 0.16

110 Nine eyes (29%) in the half-fluence group and 5 eyes (17.2%) in the half-dose group

111 eased NDMA formation by approximately 30% at fluences >500 mJ/cm(2), levels relevant to advanced oxid

112 y very low fluences of light (VLFR) and high fluences (HIR) of far-red light.

113 d saturation model exhibiting two saturation fluences; however, the corresponding fluences differ by

114 MS2 inactivation revealed the highest local fluence in the wake zone due to longer residence time an

115 rescence maximum shifts blue with increasing fluence, in agreement with nonresonant hole burned spect

116 As laser fluence increases, the area of the whole crack region in

117 orption measurements with varying excitation fluence indicate that singlet-singlet annihilation is a

118 e), PUT with 4 mJ/cm(2) and 6 mJ/cm(2) laser fluence induced 51% (p = 0.001) and 37% (p = 0.018) vess

119 The rates of Lhcb transcription and B low-fluence-induced Lhcb transcript accumulation are normal

120 mbination with PINEM temporal gating and low-fluence infrared excitation, the PINEM diffraction metho

121 At low ion irradiation fluence, inter-tube thermal transport enhancement leads

122 of fast events occur, which are wavelength, fluence, irradiance, and pulse duration dependent.

123 The influences on bonding strength of fluence, irradiance, RB concentration, and amnion surfac

124 -energy component decays more slowly and its fluence is greater than the lower-energy component; it i

125 tion with 500 keV Ar ions when the total ion fluence is split into a train of equal square pulses.

126 At higher fluences, large faceted bubbles were observed on the gra

127 In these applications, stability under high-fluence laser irradiation is a key requirement, with opt

128 Conditions including laser fluence, laser beam scan rate, and carrier gas flow rate

129 ic vessels in mice using extremely low laser fluence levels of a few mJ cm(-2).

130 t as a developmental signal depending on its fluence levels.

131 exhibits negative phototaxis even under low-fluence light, has a similar action maximum in the blue

132 Low-fluence (low irradiation energy density) pulsed-dye lase

133 At longer times, a laser fluence multiple times higher than the thermodynamic ent

134 own Delta-layer depth in connection with the fluence needed to reach the peak of the corresponding se

135 d higher UV exposure, while the lowest local fluence occurred in a region near the walls due to short

136 sible red light-emitting diodes with a light-fluence of 0.54 J/cm(2) of 653 nm (PpIX optimal excitati

137 the aspect ratio as high as 3.5 at the laser fluence of 0.6 J/cm2.

138 m picosecond laser with a spot size of 6 mm, fluence of 0.71 J/cm2, repetition rate of 5 Hz, and puls

139 with thermal neutrons, resulting in a total fluence of 1.6 x 10(12) neutrons per cm(2) (+/-7%).

140 harmaceuticals) for 1000 seconds for a total fluence of 10 J/cm2.

141 It was found that with 2 MeV protons, a fluence of 10(16) protons/cm(2) was necessary to induce

142 al fiber, with irradiance of 1800 mW/cm2 and fluence of 100 J/cm2.

143 firstly, and then stay stable over the laser fluence of 12 J/cm(2).

144 ing low fluence rate PDT of 14 mW/cm(2) at a fluence of 128 J/cm(2) yielded approximately 70-80% tumo

145 h of 689 nm, irradiance of 600 mW/cm(2), and fluence of 25 J/cm(2) after intravenous injection of ver

146 ed dye laser treatments to half of the face (fluence of 3 J/cm2), serial blinded clinical assessments

147 h-quality spectra could be generated using a fluence of 4.0-9.0 J/cm2 to desorb proteins from an aque

148 For a typical disinfection fluence of 40 mJ/cm(2), the apparent transformation effi

149 h of 2,400% at 1.5 THz with very low optical fluence of 45 muJ cm(-2).

150 on the FeN foil sample with the implantation fluence of 5 x 10(17)/cm(2).

151 (3 mW/cm(2), 30 min) using the same overall fluence of 5.4 J/cm(2).

152 etamaterial subjected to a low control light fluence of 7 mJ cm(-2), with switching frequencies in th

153 group received homogenous irradiation with a fluence of 9 mW/cm(2) and a total energy of 5.4 J/cm(2).

154 ustomized irradiation patterns had an energy fluence of 9 mW/cm(2) and total energy levels ranging fr

155 he exchange interaction by laser pulses with fluence of about 1 mJ cm(-2) acts as a pulsed effective

156 a from single spores collected at an average fluence of approximately 0.1 J/cm2 frequently contain pr

157 orylation increases in response to increased fluence of blue light, whereas the phosphorylated cry1 d

158 systematically examined variation with laser fluence of intensity and spectral resolution in MALDI of

159 y measured a silicon sample implanted with a fluence of nominally 5 x 10(15) As/cm(2) at an unprecede

160 FLUENCE of organic semiconductors with non-equilibrium s

161 t, with optical breakdown occurring when the fluence of the beam is higher than the laser-induced dam

162 elated defects could be tuned by varying the fluence of the SHIs.

163 Fluences of 0.7, 2.1, 4.2, 8.4 and 11.9 J/cm(2) were app

164 luated in three groups (n = 3-6) using laser fluences of 115, 153, or 192 J/cm(2) (180-, 240-, and 30

165 -spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizer with fluences of 4-32 J/cm2 killing 2-5 more logs of all cell

166 10-40 mJ for a 1 cm2 area, corresponding to fluences of 4.5 to 18 x 10(9) W m(-2), to determine stra

167 esponse observed in cell cultures exposed to fluences of alpha-particles by which only a very small f

168 loid fibroblast cultures exposed to very low fluences of alpha-particles.

169 ining that pulses of light delivering photon fluences of between 1 and 1000 micromol m-2 induced grow

170 n assessed or cells have been exposed to low fluences of charged particles, where only a few percent

171 y reduced nuclear import of phyA-5 under low fluences of far-red light.

172 mation of risks of exposure to low doses/low fluences of ionizing radiation and radiotherapy.

173 m, both achieved at unprecedentedly low pump fluences of less than 400 muJ cm(-2).

174 nd regulates responses initiated by very low fluences of light (VLFR) and high fluences (HIR) of far-

175 as observed after irradiation with cytotoxic fluences of UVC, suggesting that severe inhibition of DN

176 unction of sample temperature and excitation fluence on polycrystalline thin films composed of two po

177 h, varied between 2.7 and 3.1 mum, and laser fluence on the signal intensities of molecular substance

178 g in up to 4 orders of magnitude greater ion fluence on the target.

179 gy that later are sampled for given particle fluence or dose.

180 le to photo-oxidative damage induced by high-fluence or fluctuating light.

181 s used in 128 treatments (48%), and very low fluence or missing information was used in 7 treatments

182 ding 28 patients (31 eyes) who received half-fluence PDT and 28 patients (29 eyes) who received half-

183 there were 15 and 5 recurrences in the half-fluence PDT and half-dose PDT groups, respectively (P =

184 ffect, and equal safety with respect to half-fluence PDT.

185 7 days and 30 days after treatment with half-fluence PDT.

186 e by factor>5, while at high ion irradiation fluence point defects within tubes cause a decrease in t

187 We calculated D(37) values (fluence producing on average one lethal hit per virion a

188 , the IOP(L) increased with increasing laser fluence, producing IOPs of 230 +/- 90, 370 +/- 120, and

189 With 8 mJ/cm(2) laser fluence, PUT would yield vessel disruption (90%, p < 0.0

190 ented high-intensity, short-wavelength, high-fluence radiation (respectively 10(18) W cm(-2), 1.5-0.6

191 Experimental data in the low fluence range are fitted with an increase of the primary

192 hytochrome, can discriminate between several fluence ranges and direct responses in specific tissues

193 ntal conditions and 2 MeV proton irradiation fluences, ranging from 10(11) to 10(15) cm(-2).

194 seedlings grown in white light with a higher fluence rate also exhibited altered sensitivities to BL,

195 This study tests the hypothesis that fluence rate also influences the inflammatory responses

196 Fluence rate analyses of transgenic plants expressing PH

197 enhanced cry2 levels, particularly under low fluence rate blue light.

198 ated developed strong curvatures toward high fluence rate blue light.

199 mor regions distant from vessels in the high fluence rate conditions, confirming regional tumor hypox

200 Low fluence rate induced higher levels of apoptosis than hig

201 High fluence at a low fluence rate led to ablation of CD31-stained endothelium

202 othelium, whereas the same fluence at a high fluence rate maintained vessel endothelium.

203 eas the same fluence at the oxygen-depleting fluence rate of 112 mW/cm(2) yielded approximately 10-15

204 served for phyABD leaves exposed to the same fluence rate of BL, suggesting that phys play a role in

205 of growth of the hypocotyl depending on the fluence rate of blue light.

206 Depending on the fluence rate of far-red light, carbon either attenuated

207 induced higher levels of apoptosis than high fluence rate PDT as indicated by caspase-3 activity and

208 Oxygen-conserving low fluence rate PDT of 14 mW/cm(2) at a fluence of 128 J/cm

209 ciated nuclear genes (PhANGs) and change the fluence rate response of PhANGs.

210 First, the dose response and the fluence rate response of the UVA-induced oxidative stres

211 nsitivity of this organ is epitomized in the fluence rate response where suppression of hypocotyl elo

212 dition to drug-uptake, the light fluence and fluence rate that were used for the light treatment had

213 PDT-created hypoxia at each fluence rate was labeled by exposing tumors to EF3 (52 m

214 e of ATAF2 loss-of-function seedlings in low fluence rate white light, demonstrating an ATAF2-mediate

215 ii was transferred from the dark to very low-fluence rate white light, there was a substantial increa

216 ume, or an average whole-room UV irradiance (fluence rate) of 5-7 muW/cm(2), calculated by a lighting

217 The rate of light delivery (fluence rate) plays a critical role in photodynamic ther

218 chemiluminescence signal depended on the UVA fluence rate, whereas the decay of the signal following

219 x protein, and altered ZTL expression causes fluence rate-dependent circadian period effects, and alt

220 on of dsCYC2 is triggered by blue light in a fluence rate-dependent manner.

221 er continuous blue light was alleviated in a fluence rate-dependent manner.

222 Data from fluence rate-response curves and action spectra suggeste

223 , stomata remained open, irrespective of the fluence rate.

224 ls due to short-circuiting flow and lower UV fluence rate.

225 e primary root is hypersensitive to very low-fluence-rate (VLF) UVB.

226 We further show that HY5 function is fluence-rate modulated and enables homeostatic maintenan

227 Fluence-rate response curves indicate that PIF1 degradat

228 isplay a block to development under very-low-fluence-rate UV-B (<0.1 mumol m(-2) s(-1)) after the see

229 In plants, the mechanism by which high-fluence-rate UVB causes damages and activates DNA-repair

230 r, little is known about how nondamaging low-fluence-rate UVB is perceived to regulate plant morphoge

231 n together to enhance phototropism under low fluence rates (<1.0 micro mol m(-)(2) s(-)(1)) of blue l

232 depleted tissue oxygen during PDT using two fluence rates (14 and 112 mW/cm(2)).

233 e, blue, red, and far-red) used at different fluence rates (low or high) in etiolated seedlings and m

234 Calculations of photon fluence rates at different ocean depths show that the di

235 In wild-type plants, fluence rates below 20 micromol m(-2) s(-1) of blue ligh

236 Higher fluence rates caused stomatal closing, most likely due t

237 r continuous red light, yet require elevated fluence rates for survival.

238 phyA or phyB showed an enhanced response at fluence rates of BL above 10 micromol m-2 s-1.

239 Our results indicate that high fluence rates of blue light (100 micro mol m(-)(2) s(-)(

240 uble mutant had a long hypocotyl in multiple fluence rates of continuous white, far-red, red and blue

241 When exposed to low fluence rates of light, chloroplasts accumulate in peric

242 uated chloroplast movements under all tested fluence rates of light, suggesting that it is a necessar

243 imaged easily in real time using excitation fluence rates of only 5 mW/cm(2).

244 Photomorphogenic responses triggered by low fluence rates of ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B; 280-315

245 PDT regimens that use low fluences and fluence rates were the most successful.

246 erecta closed in response to increasing UV-B fluence rates, with maximal closure after 3-h exposure t

247 Curvature was however apparent at higher fluence rates.

248 er, was found to significantly affect the UV fluence received by the tracer.

249 ndent IAA biosynthesis were increased by low-fluence red light in the top section (meristem, cotyledo

250 In tomato, this increase was induced by low-fluence red or blue light followed by 1 d of darkness.

251 ospheric nuclear weapon tests and with other fluences reported for the southern hemisphere.

252 flattened laser profile allowed the minimum fluence required to desorb and ionize significant number

253 gnificantly lower the lethal pulse energy or fluence required.

254 ound for dried samples at low and high laser fluences, respectively.

255 ity far-red light and shows reduced very-low-fluence response and high-irradiance response.

256 n the phytochrome A (phyA)-mediated very-low-fluence response of germination.

257 tive phototaxis in wild-type cells was a low fluence response, with peak spectral sensitivity at 645

258 ow amounts of light, initiating the very-low-fluence response.

259 sents a classical red/far-red reversible low fluence response.

260 Nicotiana tabacum) with similar temporal and fluence-response kinetics.

261 ceptor that mediates broad spectrum very low-fluence responses and high irradiance responses to conti

262 isotropic to anisotropic under higher laser fluence resulting in the damage expansion only in latera

263 sessing spatial and temporal variation of UV fluence, resulting from highly unsteady, turbulent natur

264 response to PDT when analyzed by age, race, fluence setting, fluorescein angiography (FA) leakage ty

265 ustomized epithelial debridement, and higher fluence shorter duration ultraviolet A light exposure.

266 ow that damage accumulation at high-incident fluence should not be problematic and that it should be

267 ynamic therapy using lower doses and reduced fluence showing promising results.

268 ect was observed for a wide range of optical fluences starting from 10 mJ cm(-2) for single nanospher

269 cript, psbD, indicates that the phot1/B-high-fluence system does not result in a general destabilizat

270 000 to 3,400 m naturally receive higher UV-B fluence than plants at lower altitudes and similar latit

271 --termed fluid-enhanced crystal engineering (FLUENCE)--that allows for a high degree of morphological

272 At this fluence, the neon target inevitably changes during the c

273 Under high fluence, the nonlinear regime of IR PINEM was observed,

274 t is found in both cases that incident X-ray fluences then restore the [Fe{H2 B(pz)2 }2 (bipy)] moiet

275 However, Ta exhibits a higher fluence threshold for structure formation.

276 The high-fluence threshold of phot1-mediated RNA destabilization

277 d RNA destabilization contrasts with the low-fluence threshold required for phot1-directed first-posi

278 toring interaction from quasi-1D at low pump fluence to 3D at high pump fluence.

279 of subretinal fluid was observed in 19 half-fluence-treated eyes (61.3%) and in 25 half-dose-treated

280 of subretinal fluid was achieved in 26 half-fluence-treated eyes (83.9%) and 29 half-dose-treated ey

281 We irradiated the vessel with high-fluence, ultrashort laser pulses and achieved three form

282 irradiated with 100 eV He(+) ions at various fluences up to 3.5 x 10(25) ions m(-2) while simultaneou

283 warfare agent (CWA) simulants at each laser fluence used although lower laser fluences allowed more

284 At larger ion fluences, used during FIB-milling, we observe an extende

285 ion of the variability must be attributed to fluence variations in the profile of the laser beam.

286 ded (pro re nata; PRN) combination (standard-fluence verteporfin 6 mg/m(2) PDT and ranibizumab 0.5 mg

287 Although <1000 mJ/cm(2) UV fluence was generally needed for 90% removal of a series

288 and N-nitramines, 280-1000 mJ/cm(2) average fluence was needed for 90% removal of total N-nitrosamin

289 rom2, and mass spectral variation with laser fluence was studied.

290 % increase at 14 d), suggesting that neutron fluence was the limiting factor controlling BNCT efficac

291 Normal fluence was used for PDT treatment in 130 treatments (49

292 PDT treatment in 130 treatments (49%), half-fluence was used in 128 treatments (48%), and very low f

293 In order of increasing fluence we observed: blood coagulation, vasoconstriction

294 Using FLUENCE, we demonstrate the fast coating and patterning

295 Controlling the beam fluence, we tune bulk conductivity from p- (hole-like) t

296 Pulse duration and fluence were varied systematically (1-50 ms, 0-600 J per

297 dsorbates and the phase transition at higher fluences were also studied through the evolution of stre

298 suming expansion in a third regime at higher fluences where two-photon absorption becomes dominant.

299 P is pressure, above a high threshold laser fluence; while the slower thermal process may occur in a

300 s per irradiation at 532 nm and 11.7 J/cm(2) fluence, with a flexible fiberoptic tip with a diameter