ライフサイエンスコーパス: forelimb

1 hing and wake movements of the contralateral forelimb.

2 subsequent proximal-distal patterning of the forelimb.

3 ord and improves skilled use of the impaired forelimb.

4 oordinating the development of the heart and forelimb.

5 ct in voluntary control of the contralateral forelimb.

6 signaled by muscle activity in the impaired forelimb.

7 the perilesion motor cortex and the paretic forelimb.

8 l belt, but with no rhythmic activity in the forelimbs.

9 c and multijoint movements within and across forelimbs.

10 l tortuous, dilated vessels prominent in the forelimbs.

11 equirement for Tbx5 in girdle development in forelimbs.

12 dlimb-like morphologies when misexpressed in forelimbs.

13 he pectoral fins, equivalent to the tetrapod forelimbs.

14 Here, we developed a mouse model to study forelimb adaptation to force field perturbations.

15 ble nigrostriatal denervation attenuated the forelimb akinesia improvement normally induced by STN DB

16 otect against alpha-syn-mediated deficits in forelimb akinesia, striatal denervation or loss of SNpc

17 p, does not disrupt multi-joint movements or forelimb alternation, nor does it translate to a non-wei

18 to map the former forepaw representation in forelimb amputated young adult rats (n=5) at 7 to 24 wee

19 we examined the thalamocortical pathway in 2 forelimb-amputated rats.

20 neate nucleus (CN) in juvenile rat following forelimb amputation (n=34) and in intact controls (n=5)

21 Previously, we reported that, 6 weeks after forelimb amputation in young adult rats, new input from

22 cuneate nucleus (CN) 1 to 30 weeks following forelimb amputation showed that CN played an insignifica

23 e-scale cortical reorganization that follows forelimb amputation.

24 imary somatosensory cortex (SI) that follows forelimb amputation.

25 organization of CN that may result following forelimb amputation.

26 delayed cortical reorganization that follows forelimb amputation.

27 prolong limb allograft viability in a swine forelimb amputation/replantation model.

28 ording was used to map CN in controls and in forelimb amputees during the first 12 weeks following de

29 nclude congenital defects affecting both the forelimb and heart, suggesting a hypothesis where simila

30 7ac and H3K27me3) analyses on its developing forelimb and hindlimb autopods at sequential embryonic s

31 morphoregulatory system operates in both the forelimb and hindlimb bud, a recent analysis suggested t

32 its upstream regulation is different in the forelimb and hindlimb bud.

33 up displayed less of a decline in normalized forelimb and hindlimb grip strength and declines in in v

34 entral pattern generators (CPGs) controlling forelimb and hindlimb movements.

35 ottip, were differentially expressed between forelimb and hindlimb, and across different stages.

36 how that gene-expression differences between forelimb and hindlimb, and between limb and other embryo

37 cells in medial and lateral IO affected both forelimb and hindlimb.

38 atin states and enhancers in mouse embryonic forelimb and hindlimb.

39 regions that are differentially modified in forelimb and hindlimb.

40 raining improved manual skill in the paretic forelimb and induced the formation of special synapse su

41 orepaw and shoulder representation in VPL to forelimb and shoulder sites in SI.

42 mined the pattern of projection (a) from the forelimb and shoulder to SI, (b) from the forepaw and sh

43 mmon node in the genetic pathways regulating forelimb and sternum development, enabling specific adap

44 there are additional representations of the forelimb and whiskers, called the rostral forelimb area

45 he spinal interneuronal networks linking the forelimbs and hindlimbs are amenable to a rehabilitation

46 The forelimbs and hindlimbs of vertebrates are morphological

47 ng the development of two serial structures, forelimbs and hindlimbs, is not well understood.

48 s of activity in the embryonic mesenchyme of forelimbs and hindlimbs.

49 developmental anomalies including truncated forelimbs and the absence of hind limbs, largely phenoco

50 ior Hox paralog group, Hox5, is required for forelimb anterior patterning.

51 mechanisms by which distinct movements of a forelimb are generated from the same area of motor corte

52 mechanisms by which distinct movements of a forelimb are generated from the same area of motor corte

53 Scanning movements made by stick insects' forelimbs are modified for several seconds after a brief

54 they are different from those for the caudal forelimb area (CFA) and the caudal whisker area (CWA) of

55 Sources of inputs to RFA, caudal forelimb area (CFA), and caudal hindlimb region were det

56 , the rostral forelimb area (RFA) and caudal forelimb area (CFA), eliciting identical movements.

57 relimb movement representations, the rostral forelimb area (RFA) and caudal forelimb area (CFA), elic

58 he forelimb and whiskers, called the rostral forelimb area (RFA) and the rostral whisker area (RWA).

59 Only a rostral forelimb area (RFA) has been definitively described, bes

60 re and spine number in the adjoining rostral forelimb area compared with that in the lesioned animals

61 ns indicate that CSNs from caudal or rostral forelimb area control reaching or grasping, respectively

62 mb motor region included: (1) a large caudal forelimb area dominated by reach-shaping movement repres

63 thin laminar zone at the L3/5A border in the forelimb area of mouse M1 have multiple L4-like synaptic

64 cesses in the border region between head and forelimb areas of peri-infarct motor cortex.

65 ECN), which processes sensory input from the forelimbs, as a site of movement-dependent sensory gatin

66 rved in situ, along its vertebrae, ribs, and forelimbs, as well as a row of flat, keeled ventrolatera

67 ON stimulation, forelimb asymmetry was exacerbated, indicating alpha-syn

68 of rAAV2/5 alpha-syn results in progressive forelimb asymmetry, loss of striatal dopaminergic termin

69 ons of the cuneate fasciculus subserving the forelimb at cervical levels 5-6, the hand region in cont

70 as delivered during physical retraining of a forelimb behavior and throughout the day for 3 mo.

71 grasp area during the performance of skilled forelimb behaviors using a reversible cortical cooling d

72 The forelimb bones in Drepanosaurus represent previously unk

73 t RA signaling was present in the developing forelimb bud mesenchyme, but was not detected during hin

74 egion of areas 2-5 responded to parts of the forelimb but not to digits after an extensive lesion of

75 3b and 1 was reactivated by inputs from the forelimb, but excluded representations of some or all di

76 e onset of Hand2 expression in the posterior forelimb compartment, and collectively, the posterior Ho

77 inhibition of TrkA signaling following axial forelimb compression was observed to reduce measures of

78 load-induced bone formation induced by axial forelimb compression.

79 y and stimulation had significantly improved forelimb control compared with rats with injury alone an

80 the motor cortex (M1) map, to support early forelimb control.

81 fter 11-12 wk of recovery, the contralateral forelimb cortex was reactivated by stimulating digit 1 m

82 ning and bone formation, including shortened forelimbs, craniosynostosis, and clinodactyly.

83 (Hoxa5, Hoxb5, and Hoxc5) leads to anterior forelimb defects resulting from derepression of Shh expr

84 ced SN dopamine (DA) neurons and exhibited a forelimb deficit.

85 jections change after different durations of forelimb denervation or sham-denervation.

86 Forelimb denervation resulted in a sustained change in b

87 of positive selection in genes important for forelimb development (TBX5) and connective tissues (COL1

88 aling may play a multifunctional role during forelimb development and regeneration and that the fibro

89 In tests of forelimb dexterity, however, Sox11 overexpression in the

90 y stable base on which to operate a powerful forelimb digging mechanism.

91 mains resulted in loss of evoked movement in forelimb domains in PPCr.

92 We conclude that plesiosaurs were forelimb-dominated swimmers that used their hind limbs m

93 /d in a reaching task with the contralateral forelimb ("early training").

94 A head-fixed computer transformed forelimb electromyographic activity into proportional su

95 d its requirement for the development of all forelimb elements which include the skeletal elements, p

96 etid preserves the first skull, scapular and forelimb elements, plus associated vertebrae, known for

97 in unison rather than alternately), and the forelimb entered medially, dug in as the paddle tip gain

98 forelimb sensorimotor function and a loss of forelimb evoked cortical depolarizations in peri-infarct

99 mage to FLS1 cortex led to an enhancement of forelimb evoked depolarizations in secondary forelimb so

100 this observation, manual stimulation of the forelimb evoked RN responses.

101 receptive fields (RFs) on the contralateral forelimb exhibited frequency modulation of their activit

102 inate receptors, causes locomotor arrest and forelimb extension (a unique behavioral characteristic o

103 al anteroposterior polarization of the early forelimb field requires the function of all four Hox9 pa

104 s required shortly after gastrulation in the forelimb field to temper Fgf8a signaling in the cardiac

105 us and serratus anterior) are induced by the forelimb field which promotes myotomal extension directl

106 ng the posterior hindlimb field, but not the forelimb field, upstream of the Hand2-Shh pathway.

107 n split c.8 Ma among >120 head-neck (HN) and forelimb (FL) muscles there were only four minor changes

108 rement of CSNs in the execution of a skilled forelimb food-pellet retrieval task in mice.

109 cular speed and force, and thereby use their forelimbs for both rapid gestural displays and powered l

110 that the track-making nothosaurs used their forelimbs for propulsion, they generally rowed (both for

111 ranscription factor gene Tbx5 in sternum and forelimb formation and show that both structures share a

112 iac cell number and non-autonomously inhibit forelimb formation over the same time period that embryo

113 eam of Tbx5 to control the axial position of forelimb formation.

114 enes is required for Hand2 expression in the forelimb-forming region; however, it remains elusive wha

115 ional synapse formation and improved skilled forelimb function after grafting multipotent neural prog

116 Tests of forelimb function and asymmetry were administered for 4w

117 havioral evaluation of skilled and unskilled forelimb function and locomotor function were conducted

118 tration of 17beta-estradiol improved skilled forelimb function and locomotor function.

119 To test whether recovery of forelimb function was attributable to ipsilateral contro

120 that chondroitinase ABC promoted recovery of forelimb function.

121 segments associated with distinct aspects of forelimb function.

122 jury alone, inactivation caused worsening of forelimb function; the initial deficit was reinstated.

123 ed edema, prolonged hemorrhage, and impaired forelimb functional recovery.

124 echanisms of social communication, including forelimb gestural signaling, have their evolutionary ori

125 Adult rats learned a skilled forelimb grasping task and then, underwent destructive l

126 Treadmill exercise capacity, forelimb grip strength, and in vivo maximum tetanic forc

127 urvival, but other measurements of strength (forelimb grip strength, ex vivo measurements of contract

128 he prevention of fibrosis and restoration of forelimb grip strength.

129 tural relationships between the bones of the forelimb have remained largely unchanged throughout the

130 ysiology and mechanics of the pectoral fins, forelimb homologs, in the fish family Labridae.

131 om a partial transformation from hindlimb to forelimb identity mediated by cis-regulatory changes in

132 cing this region was sufficient to reinstate forelimb impairments.

133 e strong evidence that actively engaging the forelimbs improves hindlimb function and that one likely

134 ptamine resulted in altered movements of the forelimb in a skilled reaching task as well as higher mo

135 approach to study the macroevolution of the forelimb in primates, a structure whose proportions and

136 rtical area was dedicated to controlling the forelimb in Ryk conditional knockout mice than in contro

137 ined the physiological representation of the forelimb in the cuneate nucleus (CN) of forelimb-intact

138 siveness to tactile stimuli delivered to the forelimb in transected animals that received passive bik

139 ion experiments result in deformed or absent forelimbs in all taxa studied to date.

140 We addressed this issue by training the forelimbs in conjunction with the hindlimbs after a thor

141 evolution of bipedalism and the loss of the forelimbs in weight support and propulsion would have re

142 ancer drives expression in hindlimbs but not forelimbs, in locations that have been specifically modi

143 Tbx5 plays a pivotal role in vertebrate forelimb initiation, and loss-of-function experiments re

144 premotor signals through dual innervation of forelimb-innervating motor neurons and precerebellar neu

145 ed the emergence of Ark2C (-/-) -like dorsal forelimb innervation deficits confirming that enhancemen

146 , we used electrophysiological recordings in forelimb intact adult rats (n=8) to map the body represe

147 used stimulation and recording techniques in forelimb intact rats (n=5) and examined the pattern of p

148 and stimulation and recording techniques in forelimb intact rats (n=9) to examine the cuneothalamic

149 tes in CN that are latent or subthreshold in forelimb intact rats.

150 the forelimb in the cuneate nucleus (CN) of forelimb-intact young adult rats (n=38) as the first par

151 d elongation of the hindlimb relative to the forelimb is not simply due to growth mechanisms that cha

152 The tetrapod forelimb is one of the most versatile structures in vert

153 The forelimb is represented along the rostrocaudal extent.

154 The forelimb is strongly negatively allometric relative to t

155 the spatiotemporal structure of twitching at forelimb joints in 2- and 8-day-old rats.

156 From the outset, all forelimb joints were represented.

157 ctivity levels; while reducing Bmi1 switches forelimb lateral motor column (LMC) MNs to a thoracic pr

158 sion of Lbx1, are specified in the somite at forelimb level, but endothelial progenitors are absent.

159 At the forelimb level, endothelial and myogenic cells migrate f

160 ds of layer 2/3 neurons while mice learned a forelimb lever-press task over two weeks.

161 For example, deactivating M1 forelimb lift domains resulted in loss of evoked movemen

162 deactivating a specific domain in M1 (e.g., forelimb lift) resulted in loss of evoked movement in a

163 Rat forelimb loading was completed in a single bout to induc

164 ted the long-range circuits of CSPs in mouse forelimb-M1 and S2.

165 The RN has a more complete forelimb map early in development than previous studies

166 l at the pelvis allowed hindlimb, trunk, and forelimb mechanical interactions.

167 rentially regulated and implicated increased forelimb mesenchymal condensation in differential growth

168 Forelimb mobility required by gliding occurs at the acro

169 forelimb, some locusts favouring their right forelimb more often, others their left.

170 reated with 0.72 mg E2 pellets used the left forelimb more than P-treated or 0.18 mg E2-treated rats:

171 explain the linked adaptation of sternum and forelimb morphology correlated with mode of locomotion.

172 thus, a dramatic expansion of known tetrapod forelimb morphospace.

173 nclude that, in normal adults, any inputs to forelimb motoneurons from the ipsilateral corticospinal

174 connections from the primary motor cortex to forelimb motoneurons, via brainstem nuclei and spinal co

175 about the perturbation that is essential for forelimb motor adaptation.

176 Following unilateral stroke in the rat forelimb motor area, inosine combined with NEP1-40, a No

177 nd rubrospinal tract (RST) are important for forelimb motor control.

178 Here, we investigated CT circuits in mouse forelimb motor cortex (M1) using multiple circuit-analys

179 harmacological inhibition of HCN channels in forelimb motor cortex decreases reaching accuracy and in

180 ics/kinematics emerge from the principles of forelimb motor cortex organization.

181 tract transection, half of the rats received forelimb motor cortex stimulation of the intact hemisphe

182 Finally, in mouse forelimb motor cortex, iGluSnFR expression in layer V py

183 tissue after focal cortical stroke in mouse forelimb motor cortex.

184 -HT1A receptors, plays an excitatory role in forelimb motor map expression.

185 targeted to a relatively small region of the forelimb motor map, with an ischemic core of 0.07 +/- 0.

186 apid cerebellar feedback loop that modulates forelimb motor neuron activity and severely disrupts rea

187 formed in vivo intracellular recordings from forelimb motor neurons in adult mice.

188 nts, uncovering a pronounced and stereotypic forelimb motor oscillation, the core features of which a

189 was delayed and age-dependent development of forelimb motor pool projections and putative rubromotone

190 Overall, the forelimb motor region included: (1) a large caudal forel

191 rd more normal topography; and (5) trunk and forelimb motor representations that SCI-driven plasticit

192 s, improving respiratory and nonrespiratory (forelimb) motor function in rats with chronic cervical i

193 The data reveal a 3D forelimb movement endpoint workspace that is represented

194 The precision of skilled forelimb movement has long been presumed to rely on rapi

195 hibited a significant peak of activity after forelimb movement onset, suggesting reafferent sensory p

196 In the present study, we investigated how forelimb movement representations and synaptic restructu

197 ation ICMS reveals two spatially distributed forelimb movement representations, the rostral forelimb

198 r synaptic integration, in the expression of forelimb movement responses during intracortical microst

199 Reward responses were not restricted to forelimb movement, as a Pavlovian task evoked similar re

200 urons implicated in the control of mammalian forelimb movement, cervical propriospinal neurons (PNs),

201 und that altering PN activity produced rapid forelimb movement.

202 ching while leaving intact other elements of forelimb movement.

203 Forelimb movements appeared first, followed by stepping-

204 iew that, in rats, the motor cortex controls forelimb movements at a relatively complex level and sug

205 short-duration high-resolution ICMS to evoke forelimb movements following pharmacological (ZD7288), e

206 Mice initiated voluntary forelimb movements for delayed sugar-water reward.

207 In contrast, the locusts' forelimb movements immediately prior to reaching, or whi

208 rease the representation of complex multiple forelimb movements in motor cortex as assessed by intrac

209 her with electromyography in mice during two forelimb movements that differ in their requirement for

210 lled prehension behavior, but left untrained forelimb movements unaffected.

211 ient rats, reaching accuracy was reduced and forelimb movements were altered during infusion of ZD728

212 ature of the motor cortex, not restricted to forelimb movements, and can be regained after spinal inj

213 wing that control of highly-specific skilled forelimb movements, such as reaching and grasping, requi

214 vides the PMd with a parallel path to elicit forelimb movements.

215 he motor cortex in the rat can evoke complex forelimb multi-joint movements, including movement of li

216 an artificial recurrent connection between a forelimb muscle and an unrelated site in the primary mot

217 ecific genes in the muscle precursors during forelimb muscle development.

218 Here, we examined forelimb muscle patterns and motor cortical spiking data

219 Outcome measures included hindlimb and forelimb muscle strength by Grip Strength Meter and quan

220 this issue, we compare the twitch speeds of forelimb muscles in a group of volant passerine birds, w

221 ural connectivity to motoneurons innervating forelimb muscles using intracellular recordings in acute

222 Treatment of affected forelimb muscles with an adeno-associated viral vector (

223 rd, targeted route (injections into disabled forelimb muscles).

224 ntermediate part control movements involving forelimb muscles, and those in the lateral part control

225 to neurons associated with control of distal forelimb musculature required for skilled grasping; neur

226 ts, motor skill training with the nonparetic forelimb (NPT) following a unilateral infarct lessens th

227 We describe a distal forelimb of an enantiornithine bird from the Lower Creta

228 Forelimbs of wild-type and hCD46/HLA-E double transgenic

229 microstimulation (ICMS) and movements of the forelimb on a skilled reaching task.

230 s for propulsion, they generally rowed (both forelimbs operating in unison rather than alternately),

231 During deactivation of either forelimb or mouth/face movement domains within M1, we us

232 ilar roles in the initiation of hindlimb and forelimb outgrowth, respectively.

233 cortical areas were recruited to control the forelimb over time.

234 tial scaling patterns depending on the limb; forelimb parameters typically exhibit higher intercepts

235 stinctive disease phenotype characterized by forelimb paresis.

236 roup genes have been shown to play a role in forelimb patterning, regulating the activation and maint

237 havioral tests (i.e., apomorphine rotations, forelimb placement asymmetry, exploratory rearing) betwe

238 hus, locusts show handedness during targeted forelimb placement, but not whilst walking, the switch i

239 The use of the forelimb primarily for prehension and manipulation appea

240 ich retinoic acid (RA) signaling acts on the forelimb progenitors to indirectly restrict cardiac cell

241 We further found that distal forelimb-projecting and proximal forelimb-projecting neu

242 that distal forelimb-projecting and proximal forelimb-projecting neurons are intermingled within moto

243 On a forelimb reach and grasp task, TADSS animals recovered 6

244 in the spinal cord and enhanced recovery of forelimb reaching and grasping function following a cerv

245 delivered during chronic stroke in a skilled forelimb reaching task.

246 rtex and to skilled motor behaviour during a forelimb reaching task.

247 rtex and to skilled motor behaviour during a forelimb reaching task.

248 racy and increases atypical movements during forelimb reaching.

249 N and salmon fibrin had significantly higher forelimb-reaching scores.

250 learning, we trained rats to learn a skilled forelimb-reaching task while receiving anti-Nogo-A Abs.

251 mice have impaired motor skill learning of a forelimb-reaching task, compared with their wild-type (W

252 ydopamine lesioned rats performing a skilled forelimb-reaching task.

253 During forelimb regeneration in the newt Notophthalmus viridesc

254 n a similar manner, recording sites from the forelimb region of areas 2-5 responded to parts of the f

255 underwent destructive lesions of the caudal forelimb region of the motor cortex, resulting in nearly

256 Electrophysiological recordings from the forelimb region of the primary motor cortex demonstrated

257 Well-preserved forelimb remains of 1.98-million-year-old Australopithec

258 The forelimb representation is bordered on the medial side b

259 ent repertoire that can be elicited from the forelimb representation of primary motor cortex (M1) usi

260 y observed a protrusion between hindlimb and forelimb representation, which in rats corresponds to th

261 Our goal was to acquire a comprehensive M1 forelimb representational map of movement endpoints elic

262 Forelimb representations were diminished as a result of

263 gulatory element sufficient for the earliest forelimb-restricted expression of the mouse Tbx5 gene an

264 a controlled cortical impact (CCI) over the forelimb sensorimotor cortex of the rat (FL-SMC) is neur

265 After photothrombotic stroke in the forelimb sensorimotor cortex, SPARC nulls demonstrate en

266 c mice was associated with acute deficits in forelimb sensorimotor function and a loss of forelimb ev

267 Forelimb sensorimotor projections into the striatum of t

268 pinal cord to induce localized plasticity of forelimb sensorimotor spinal circuitry.

269 mbrane potentials and behavioral recovery of forelimb sensory-motor function.

270 However, the phasing between hind and forelimbs shows considerable variation.

271 oral fin skeleton, resembling aspects of the forelimb skeletal defects that define individuals with H

272 the motor cortex while mice practised novel forelimb skills.

273 we induced an ischemic stroke in the primary forelimb somatosensory (FLS1) cortex of diabetic mice an

274 forelimb evoked depolarizations in secondary forelimb somatosensory (FLS2) cortex.

275 stigated the function of PV-neurons in mouse forelimb somatosensory cortex.

276 bias differed among individuals, as did the forelimb, some locusts favouring their right forelimb mo

277 imulus parameters optimal for evoking stable forelimb spatial endpoints.

278 gnificantly enriched on hindlimb relative to forelimb-specific cis-regulatory features that are diffe

279 limb-specific transcription factor Pitx1 and forelimb-specific transcription factor Tbx5.

280 resulting MeCP2-e1 deficient mice developed forelimb stereotypy, hindlimb clasping, excessive groomi

281 We observed decreased forelimb strength and exercise capacity in adult hemizyg

282 rs expressed in the prospective hindlimb and forelimb territories, respectively, of all jawed vertebr

283 rts fossil evidence for a successive loss of forelimbs then hindlimbs during snake evolution.

284 Here, we show that locusts are biased in the forelimb they use to reach across a gap in the substrate

285 tor axon extension as observed in the dorsal forelimb to shortening of presynaptic branches of the ph

286 s, birds exhibited shifts in investment from forelimbs to hindlimbs that were qualitatively similar t

287 ment for the pectoral muscles that allow the forelimbs to raise the body from the ground.

288 es of individual specimens, showing that the forelimb-to-hindlimb ratio changed rapidly during the fi

289 High-speed videography of forelimb twitches unexpectedly revealed a category of re

290 demonstrate a link between sternum size and forelimb use across avians and provide evidence that mod

291 hesive dot removal from the paws, but not in forelimb use in a cylinder or amphetamine rotation.

292 P inhibition, we saw an improved spontaneous forelimb use in mice that correlated with a decreased im

293 the gap was replaced with a glass platform; forelimb use was unbiased when stepping onto the glass s

294 atal DA neurons contributed to protection of forelimb use.

295 imulated plesiosaur swims primarily with its forelimbs using an unmodified underwater flight stroke,

296 nto the determination of limb morphology and forelimb versus hindlimb identity.

297 s showed improved hindlimb function when the forelimbs were engaged simultaneously with the hindlimbs

298 Porcine forelimbs were perfused with whole, heparinized human or

299 cells in medial rostral IO only affected the forelimb, whereas a loss of cells in medial and lateral

300 ngs to a much larger individual with reduced forelimbs, which unfortunately lacks any preserved integ