ライフサイエンスコーパス: formate

1 ptors generally increased in the presence of formate.

2 terized pathway capable of converting CO2 to formate.

3 ereas an adaptation period was necessary for formate.

4 hers favour production of carbon monoxide or formate.

5 ng steps that start from the gem-diolate and formate.

6 dh), which catalyzes the reduction of CO2 to formate.

7 for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formate.

8 ese precursors at the mitochondrial level to formate.

9 x in the presence of low non-toxic doses of formate.

10 active catalyst for hydrogenation of CO2 to formate.

11 ations because of electroreduction of CO2 to formate.

12 ction of ketones by transfer of hydride from formate.

13 o l-3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate and formate.

14 ersion of the oxalate monoanion into CO2 and formate.

15 rming unmodified MOFs such as NiMOF-74 or Co formate.

16 at overpotentials as low as 0.17 V, forming formate.

17 , which can be alleviated by the addition of formate.

18 ersion of the oxalate monoanion into CO2 and formate.

19 as electrocatalysts toward CO2 reduction to formate.

20 des for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formate.

21 g methylthiopropionate, carbon monoxide, and formate.

22 tudies of the reversible reduction of CO2 to formate.

23 more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of formate.

24 ggested to greatly enhance the production of formate.

25 reduction reaction in the presence of 1.0 m formate.

26 ive electron donors, such as H2, acetate and formate.

27 anisms were mainly enriched with methanol or formate.

28 roduction of CO, CN(-), and (-):CO2H-derived formate.

29 with the unusual N-hydroxysuccinimidyl (NHS) formate 1 as a CO surrogate to afford the corresponding

30 xtended to the one-pot reactions of ammonium formate, 2-nitroacetophenone, and aldehyde for high yiel

31 Formate, a primary energy source for C. jejuni, inhibits

32 lactate on electricity generation, and extra formate addition on the original lactate resulted in mor

33 An LC-MS/MS method using the formate adduct was developed, and it allowed quantitatio

34 he reaction of aziridinofullerene with ethyl formate affords the simplest fullerooxazole without subs

35 Formate also significantly increased C. jejuni's growth,

36 water and methanol containing 4 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% ammonia.

37 HCOOH then protonates 5 to give formate and a neutral complex, 4, with a fully hydrogena

38 e-formate lyase (PFL) converting pyruvate to formate and acetyl-CoA.

39 The yield of formate and alkane per reduced PetF approaches its theor

40 n concentrated suspensions of cells grown on formate and Cl-OHPA or formate and fumarate, using elect

41 -W, and Cu-Mo catalysts produces mixtures of formate and CO.

42 t step toward CO2 reduction products such as formate and CO.

43 tion reaction that leads to the formation of formate and enhances the direct reaction pathway.

44 terminal oxidases, which serve to metabolize formate and facilitate the use of oxygen as a terminal e

45 metallireducens to grow autotrophically with formate and Fe(III) was predicted and subsequently valid

46 ons of cells grown on formate and Cl-OHPA or formate and fumarate, using electron paramagnetic resona

47 ith propionate, butyrate, benzoate, acetate, formate and H2 from two different inocula over 3 years.

48 ur results indicated a synergistic effect of formate and lactate on electricity generation, and extra

49 ermocellum can ferment cellulosic biomass to formate and other end products, including CO2 This organ

50 ese components were reduced upon addition of formate and oxidized after addition of Cl-OHPA, indicati

51 for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate and syngas at low overpotentials, utilizing a re

52 -ene (acireductone) and dioxygen to generate formate and the ketoacid precursor of methionine, 2-keto

53 alyses of BF-CM revealed elevated amounts of formate and the presence of Candida-derived farnesol, wh

54 transfer electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate and to methanol remains an open question.

55 the hydrogenation kinetics between adsorbed formates and carbonyls governs the selectivities to CH4

56 4-diazabutanal, formaldehyde, nitrous oxide, formate, and ammonia correspond to experimentally observ

57 hyde detoxification in human cells generates formate, and thereby promotes nucleotide synthesis.

58 Correspondingly, there was a shift from the formate- and H2-using Methanobacteriales to Methanomicro

59 ate > thiocyanate > bicarbonate > chloride > formate approximately bromide > acetate > iodide > perch

60 for dispersion and elution with 70% ammonium formate aqueous buffer (50mmolL(-1), pH 9), representing

61 products during bulk electrolysis, including formate, aqueous formaldehyde, and methanol.

62 CO2 and formate are rapidly, selectively, and efficiently interc

63 fer hydrogenation (ATH) using aqueous sodium formate as a stoichiometric reductant.

64 is only generated in the presence of either formate as electron donor or oxygen as electron acceptor

65 This enabled P. furiosus to utilize formate as well as sugars as an H2 source and to do so a

66 a complete tetrahydrofolate (H4F)-dependent formate assimilation pathway.

67 catalytic activity for hydrogenating CO2 to formate at ambient temperature (3150 turnovers, turnover

68 talysts, CO2 reduction occurs selectively to formate at overpotentials as low as approximately 340 mV

69 hat generates methylenetetrahydrofolate from formate, ATP, and NADPH, functions in the nucleus to sup

70 rochemical conversion of CO2 to methanol and formate, based on cyclic voltammetric, (13)C NMR, IR, an

71 rectly predicted the exchange of both H2 and formate between the two species and suggested conditions

72 FocA (formate channel A) translocates formate bidirectionally but the mechanism underlying how

73 ction with PflB for optimal translocation of formate by FocA.

74 tetrahydrofolate and subsequent formation of formate by formaldehyde dehydrogenase.

75 Conversely, widespread production of formate by SigmaCO2 reduction at Von Damm occurs rapidly

76 d for the first time that H2 production from formate can be coupled with growth of the model sulfate-

77 Formate can be used as reductant directly in the active

78 FocA (formate channel A) translocates formate bidirectionally

79 ep deprivation compared with sleep (taurine, formate, citrate, 3-indoxyl sulfate, carnitine, 3-hydrox

80 A panel of 4 biomarkers-formate, citrulline, taurine, and isocitrate-were identi

81 aromatic compounds to acetate, CO2 , H2 and formate, combined metagenomics and metatranscriptomics s

82 The parent cationic bridging formate complex [(TiX3 )2 (mu2 -OCHO-kappaO:kappaO')][B(

83 stoichiometrically with CO2 to generate the formate complex LCuO2CH and the solvento complex LCu(MeC

84 lts in its quantitative conversion to the Mn-formate complex, fac-Mn(OCHO)((t)Bu2-bpy)(CO)3, which is

85 zyme NAD(+) to NADH in cells is dependent on formate concentration.

86 High formate concentrations in fetal lambs may indicate a rol

87 aldehyde to the corresponding alk(a/e)ne and formate, consuming four electrons and one molecule of O2

88 and incorporating one atom from O2 into the formate coproduct.

89 , the ability of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans formate dehydrogenase (Dd FDH) to reduce carbon dioxide

90 fatty acids, dissimilatory sulfur oxidation, formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and a nitrite reductase (Nir

91 Formate dehydrogenase (FDH) has been studied in bacteria

92 products, including CO2 This organism lacks formate dehydrogenase (Fdh), which catalyzes the reducti

93 cription and activity of the donor complexes formate dehydrogenase (FdhABC) and hydrogenase (HydABCD)

94 hicus and S. wolfei had both hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase activities.

95 li strains as model organisms indicated that formate dehydrogenase and terminal oxidase genes provide

96 ampylobacter jejuni, possesses a periplasmic formate dehydrogenase and two terminal oxidases, which s

97 ron transfer could proceed via a periplasmic formate dehydrogenase and/or hydrogenase, allowing energ

98 rode allowed the targeted orientation of the formate dehydrogenase enzyme from Rhodobacter capsulatus

99 The ability of the FdsABG formate dehydrogenase from Cupriavidus necator (formerly

100 lybdenum-containing, NAD(+)-dependent FdsABG formate dehydrogenase from Ralstonia eutropha.

101 trophicus expressed multiple hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase genes during syntrophic benzoate a

102 h organisms contain multiple hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase genes, but lack genes for outer me

103 Molybdenum-containing formate dehydrogenase H from Escherichia coli (EcFDH-H)

104 ytic properties of the molybdenum-containing formate dehydrogenase H from the model organism Escheric

105 icodons enabled E. coli to synthesize active formate dehydrogenase H, a selenoenzyme.

106 (cyanide and carbon monoxide), but not by a formate dehydrogenase inhibitor (hypophosphite).

107 rinsic kinetic isotope effects of the enzyme formate dehydrogenase is used to examine the distributio

108 A soluble formate dehydrogenase lends additional ecophysiological

109 necessary for gauging the ability of a given formate dehydrogenase or other CO2-utilizing enzyme to c

110 ectrons are channeled from an outward-facing formate dehydrogenase via menaquinones to a fumarate red

111 ies, we conjugated mannitol dehydrogenase to formate dehydrogenase with the defined active site arran

112 doxins from Acetobacterium and hydrogenases, formate dehydrogenase, and cytochromes of Desulfovibrio

113 ermed Hyd-3), FdhF (the molybdenum-dependent formate dehydrogenase-H), and three iron-sulfur proteins

114 homologs of fdhF encoding hydrogenase-linked formate dehydrogenases (FDHH ) and all other components

115 that all molybdenum- and tungsten-containing formate dehydrogenases and related enzymes likely operat

116 ron transfer flavoproteins, hydrogenases and formate dehydrogenases essential for syntrophic metaboli

117 iently interconverted by tungsten-containing formate dehydrogenases that surpass current synthetic ca

118 ical undergoes extremely rapid (tau = 77 ns) formate dissociation accompanied by a free valence shift

119 complexes for the catalytic production of a formate equivalent surpasses that of the parent monomeri

120 backbone and an Ullmann ether synthesis on a formate ester to create the dibenzofuran moiety.

121 oration of CO2 with pinacolborane to produce formate exclusively, introducing a bimetallic effect wit

122 reased by 90% and 50%, respectively, whereas formate flux through de novo purine biosynthesis was una

123 uth and then deprotonated and chemisorbed in formate form, also on bismuth, from which configuration

124 HPTLC plates with a solvent mixture of ethyl formate, formic acid, water, toluene 30/4/3/1.5 (v/v/v/v

125 esses for the direct hydrogenation of CO2 to formate/formic acid, methanol, and dimethyl ether are th

126 carbon-negative alternative to synthesizing formate from fossil fuels.

127 Mammalian mitochondria are able to produce formate from one-carbon donors such as serine, glycine,

128 ry chain impairs mitochondrial production of formate from serine, and that in some cells, respiratory

129 establish a membrane-free, room-temperature formate fuel cell that operates under benign neutral pH

130 The one-carbon donor formate generally rescues cells from SHMT inhibition, bu

131 of the same photocatalyst in aqueous sodium formate generate up to 102+/-13 mmol CO g(cat)(-1) h(-1)

132 find parallel utilization of diverse H2 and formate generating pathways to facilitate interactions w

133 sms for electron transport between these H2 /formate-generating proteins and syntrophic substrate deg

134 flB), which is responsible for intracellular formate generation in enterobacteria and other microbes,

135 r genes, may contribute to syntrophic H2 and formate generation.

136 Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate (HCO2(-)) powered by renewable electricity is a

137 the initial reaction pathways to form CO and formate (HCOO(-)) from CO2 through free energy calculati

138 nditions to generate carbonate (CO3(2-)) and formate (HCOO(-)) ions at the electrode of a quartz crys

139 of dissociative adsorption to make bidentate formate (HCOObi,ad) plus (H2O-OH)ad was 106 kJ/mol at 3/

140 evel of H2 produced by the pathogen (through formate hydrogen lyase [FHL] and Hyc) is insignificant i

141 ter encoding the membrane-bound, respiratory formate hydrogen lyase complex of Thermococcus onnurineu

142 or hydrogen production is the membrane-bound formate hydrogenlyase (FHL) complex, which links formate

143 The formate hydrogenlyase (FHL) enzyme from Escherichia coli

144 In contrast, expression of the formate hydrogenlyase 1 (fhl1) operon increased with add

145 As isolated, the FHL complex retains formate hydrogenlyase activity in vitro.

146 is MR-1 during co-utilization of lactate and formate (i.e., while the lactate was mainly metabolized

147 robust electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction to formate in aqueous media without the use of a metal cata

148 NMR analysis showed the production of (13)C-formate in C. thermocellum culture, indicating the prese

149 hanced chemoattraction to and respiration of formate in comparison to other organic acids.

150 Our finding of abiogenic formate in deep-sea hot springs has significant implicat

151 pathway analysis to investigate the role of formate in electricity generation and the related microb

152 opment, as evidenced by the effectiveness of formate in the pregnant dam's drinking water on the inci

153 olumn with a mobile phase of 0.02 M ammonium formate in water and acetonitrile, at a flow rate of 0.5

154 in organic solvents, can hydrogenate CO2 to formate in water with bicarbonate as the only added reag

155 The flux of formate incorporation into methionine and dTMP was decre

156 Growth on formate increased fhl1 expression but decreased expressi

157 ly 75% of these precursors were converted to formate, indicating that formate is a significant, altho

158 assists in the decarboxylation of a key iron formate intermediate and can also be used to enhance the

159 face that facilitates methanol synthesis via formate intermediates.

160 orable chemical transformations that convert formate into a three-carbon sugar in central metabolism.

161 the other steps in the pathway, FLS converts formate into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and other centra

162 radaic efficiency (FE) for the production of formate is 81 %.

163 blished that the mitochondrial production of formate is a major process in the endogenous generation

164 s were converted to formate, indicating that formate is a significant, although underappreciated end

165 low during chlorate reduction and posit that formate is an important electron carrier with lactate as

166 he mechanism underlying how translocation of formate is controlled and what governs substrate specifi

167 se conditions, suggesting that metabolism of formate is important during infection.

168 Although formate is largely produced in mitochondria, these funct

169 om 525 to 575 kelvin, conditions under which formate is not stable on the catalyst surface.

170 not explicitly sought, formic acid/ammonium formate is produced as an important formamide decomposit

171 Formate is recognized as a superior substrate for biolog

172 to performing direct hydrogenation of CO2 to formate is to use chemical catalysts in homogeneous or h

173 ly 36 kcal/mol), favoring proton transfer to formate, is offset by the gain in intermolecular interac

174 ATP (allosteric effector) in the absence of formate leads to loss of the G* concomitant with stoichi

175 mode, the application of 10 mmol/L ammonium formate led to the best findings, while the use of 0.02%

176 y of pushing the reduction beyond the CO and formate level and catalytically generate products such a

177 leotide (NAD(+)) oxidoreductase at high H(2)/formate levels during fermentation in monoculture.

178 n vivo assay developed to monitor changes in formate levels in the cytoplasm revealed the importance

179 Dysbiosis was accompanied by increased formate levels in the gut lumen.

180 At the low H(2)/formate levels maintained in coculture, Rnf likely funct

181 tivating enzyme (coded by pflA) and pyruvate formate lyase (coded by pflB).

182 bstrate and generates pyruvate, and pyruvate-formate lyase (PFL) converting pyruvate to formate and a

183 Pyruvate formate lyase (PFL) is a crucial enzyme for mixed acid f

184 of pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and pyruvate formate lyase (PFL)-enzymes that catalyze the decarboxyl

185 ires the activities of two enzymes: pyruvate formate lyase activating enzyme (coded by pflA) and pyru

186 The activation of pyruvate formate-lyase (PFL) by pyruvate formate-lyase activating

187 the normally soluble dimeric enzyme pyruvate formate-lyase (PflB), which is responsible for intracell

188 of pyruvate formate-lyase (PFL) by pyruvate formate-lyase activating enzyme (PFL-AE) involves format

189 Pyruvate formate-lyase activating enzyme (PFL-AE) is a radical S-

190 catalyzed by the radical SAM enzyme pyruvate formate-lyase activating enzyme.

191 yruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase / pyruvate-formate-lyase-dependent (rPFOR/Pfl) pathways.

192 tically essential glycyl radical on pyruvate formate-lyase.

193 l development and suggest that extracellular formate may play a role in the interorgan distribution o

194 ese (STM1297) suggests an important role for formate metabolism during infection.

195 stigated, demonstrating roles for cj1377c in formate metabolism, nuoK in aerobic survival and oxidati

196 suggested to be derived from gut microbiota (formate, methanol, and isopropanol; all elevated).

197 Here, we hypothesized that formate might affect both energy metabolism and microaer

198 Taken together, formate might play a role in optimizing C. jejuni's adap

199 )(-) , where the platinum atom is bound to a formate moiety on one side and two hydrogen atoms on the

200 r to the eventual production of methanol and formate, much more so than (13)C NMR, which can even be

201 employ a mechanism similar to the family of formate-nitrite transporters for weak monoacids.

202 The FNT (formate-nitrite transporters) form a superfamily of pent

203 mation of adsorbed monodentate and bidentate formate on Pt(111) to be -354 +/- 5 and -384 +/- 5 kJ/mo

204 ny surface bound carboxylate on any surface, formate on Pt(111).

205 allow AOM, likely by employing intermediate (formate or H2)-dependent inter-species electron transpor

206 ooded animals, C. jejuni depends on at least formate or hydrogen as donor (in the anaerobic lumen) or

207 thylated compounds as electron acceptors and formate or hydrogen as electron donors.

208 esulted in more electrical output than using formate or lactate as a sole electron donor.

209 s able to efficiently catalyze, not only the formate oxidation (kcat of 543 s(-1), Km of 57.1 muM), b

210 Metagenomic sequencing revealed bacterial formate oxidation and aerobic respiration to be overrepr

211 Noteworthy, both Dd FDH-catalyzed formate oxidation and carbon dioxide reduction are compl

212 and a different mechanism is here suggested: formate oxidation and carbon dioxide reduction are propo

213 tor concentrations, we demonstrate that both formate oxidation and CO2 reduction are inhibited by sel

214 plications of our data for the mechanisms of formate oxidation and CO2 reduction.

215 This work identifies bacterial formate oxidation and oxygen respiration as metabolic si

216 protein film electrochemistry, we show that formate oxidation by EcFDH-H is inhibited strongly and c

217 ate hydrogenlyase (FHL) complex, which links formate oxidation to proton reduction and has evolutiona

218 o then couple DsrC(red) and periplasmic H(2)/formate oxidation using the MQ pool to fuel a membrane-b

219 triazolium ion to Ni enables new chemistry (formate oxidation) that is not observed in a derivative

220 Our results establish the accessibility in formate perovskites of novel structural degrees of freed

221 Formate plays a significant role in embryonic developmen

222 By affecting oxidase activity, formate possibly facilitates shuttling electrons to alte

223 ate production with the ingestion of dietary formate precursors (serine, glycine, tryptophan, histidi

224 and suggested conditions under which H2 and formate produced by S. fumaroxidans would be fully consu

225 e bacteria SHA-98, suggesting a link between formate production and blood pressure.

226 Formate production from H2/CO2 was observed as an import

227 arbon groups, was decreased by 85%, although formate production from sarcosine and dimethylglycine (c

228 med in isolated rat liver mitochondria where formate production from serine, the principal precursor

229 s attained to measure the rate of endogenous formate production in rats fed on either a folate-replet

230 solutions, maximum Faradaic efficiencies for formate production of >93% have been reached with high s

231 dy-state cell concentrations decreased while formate production rates increased when T. paralvinallae

232 n Faradaic efficiency and 3-fold increase in formate production relative to Au foil.

233 We indeed observed formate production under these conditions.

234 lux balance analysis showed H2 oxidation and formate production using FHL became an alternate route f

235 This decreased formate production was confirmed in isolated rat liver m

236 By quantifying formate production we show that electrocatalytic CO2 red

237 Comparison of formate production with the ingestion of dietary formate

238 re is neither catalysis nor methanol and nor formate production.

239 ect of alternative electron donors (lactate, formate, pyruvate, or hydrogen) was found to be signific

240 ules and energy carriers such as hydrogen or formate, rather microorganisms have the capability to ex

241 Formate, rather than H2, might have been used as the mai

242 talyst precursor for hydrogenation of CO2 to formate, reacts with H2 in the presence of a base to for

243 However, formate reduced oxidase activity under microaerobic cond

244 m sulfide nanocrystals in formic acid/sodium formate release up to 116+/-14 mmol H2 g(cat)(-1) h(-1)

245 cat)/K(M)) isotope effect of 2.3 with [(3)H]-formate, requiring formate to exchange between the activ

246 methanol to form dimethoxymethane and methyl formate, respectively.

247 ylation of pyruvate to form acetaldehyde and formate, respectively.

248 ethanogenic partner, accumulation of H(2)and formate resulted in greater succinate production.

249 our values and the hydricity of hydrogen and formate reveals a narrowing in the range of values with

250 e reductive amination of benzaldehydes using formate salts as hydrogen donors in aqueous isopropanol.

251 of formation of this dimethylammonium metal formate series becomes less exothermic in the order Mn,

252 In vivo, formate served as electron donor in conjunction with oxy

253 e demonstrated that the conversion of CO2 to formate serves as a CO2 entry point into the reductive o

254 We demonstrate that the use of deuterated formate shifts the mass of PCs and provides a direct met

255 PS) analysis was affected by the presence of formate species on the catalyst surface.

256 et did not result in increased production of formate, suggesting a regulation of the conversion of th

257 withdrawal that are rescuable with purine or formate supplementation.

258 Formate, the only non-tetrahydrofolate (THF)-linked inte

259 anism involving direct hydride transfer from formate to a molybdenum-sulfur group of the molybdenum c

260 es to deoxynucleotides with the oxidation of formate to CO2.

261 effect of 2.3 with [(3)H]-formate, requiring formate to exchange between the active site and solution

262 CO2, are sequential in nature (in which the formate to formic acid protonation can be assisted by a

263 st part of the electron transport chain from formate to fumarate or Cl-OHPA is shared.

264 catalysts most often rely on isopropanol or formate to generate the reactive hydride moiety.

265 t can grow while catalyzing the oxidation of formate to H2 and bicarbonate.

266 ulgaris is a good biocatalyst for converting formate to H2.

267 been engineered to also efficiently convert formate to H2.

268 und that this pathway incorporates exogenous formate to support serine biosynthesis.

269 abolisms that allow them to use either H2 or formate transfer depending on the substrate involved.

270 The hydride of formate transfers to 6, releasing CO2.

271 Formate treatment normalizes the folate profile, restore

272 ate (Type 1 with early lanthanides La-Dy) or formate (Type 2 with late lanthanides Tb-Lu and Y) as th

273 ienes, enol triflates/nonaflates, and sodium formate under Pd(0)-catalysis is described.

274 ng the reversible interconversion of CO2 and formate under the appropriate experimental conditions.

275 c growth and supports the ability to utilize formate under these conditions, suggesting that metaboli

276 ch involving the constant infusion of [(13)C]formate until isotopic steady state is attained to measu

277 nt the competitive formation of hydrogen and formate upon reduction of hydrogenocarbonate ions on met

278 ) to make adsorbed monodentate and bidentate formates using single-crystal adsorption calorimetry.

279 siological reaction, the reduction of CO2 to formate utilizing NADH as electron donor, has been inves

280 eric catalysts, the selectivity of CO versus formate was controlled by tuning the electronic nature o

281 Formate was of microbial origin since no formate was detected in germ-free mice.

282 % of gaseous CO2 to formic acid, and >500 mM formate was observed to accumulate in solution.

283 Formate was of microbial origin since no formate was det

284 metabolized to support the cell growth, the formate was oxidized to release electrons for higher ele

285 Formate was produced at a rate of 76 mumol.h(-1).100 g o

286 When the electron donor formate was supplied at substoichiometric concentrations

287 When the electron donor formate was supplied in stoichiometric excess to TCE, bo

288 n product at high catalyst loadings, whereas formate was the dominant CO2 reduction product at low ca

289 io based on the formation of a urea/ammonium formate/water (UAFW) eutectic solution leads to an incre

290 henylalanine, dehydroascorbate, tartrate and formate were consistent with a higher demand for anti-ox

291 phosphite oxidation and for CO2 reduction to formate were found in the genome of Ca. P. anaerolimi, b

292 r CO formation is the conversion of adsorbed formate, whereas that for CH4 formation is the hydrogena

293 ing H2 from highly soluble chemicals such as formate, which can function as an electron donor.

294 counts, should readily donate its proton to formate, which has much higher proton affinity.

295 aerolimi whereby DPO drives CO2 reduction to formate, which is then assimilated into biomass via the

296 t in vivo "rPFOR-PFL shunt" to reduce CO2 to formate while circumventing the lack of Fdh.

297 T. paralvinellae also grew on formate with an increase in H2 production rate relative

298 the reductive half-reaction (the reaction of formate with oxidized enzyme).

299 MTHFD1 functions to condense formate with tetrahydrofolate and serves as the primary

300 lexibility and allows N. moscoviensis to use formate, with or without concomitant nitrite oxidation,