ライフサイエンスコーパス: formin

1 o MTs and the induction of Glu MTs by either formin.

2 uired for filopodial assembly through either formin.

3 tudied the actin assembly properties of this formin.

4 n and its interactions with both G-actin and formins.

5 of the mammalian diaphanous (mDia) family of formins.

6 can initiate filopodial assembly by specific formins.

7 dependent on profilin-1 and Ena/VASP but not formins.

8 nizer RhoA suppresses neutrophil priming via formins.

9 ed among FMN formins but distinct from other formins.

10 cleation and elongation varies widely across formins.

11 imilar to that described for mDia1 and other formins.

12 longating barbed ends than most well studied formins.

13 described or systematically studied in other formins.

14 is blocked by inhibitors of both Arp2/3 and formins.

15 encodes the Rho-effector diaphanous-related formin 1 (DIAPH1), as a candidate gene for MTP using exo

16 In addition, the Diaphanous-related formins 1-3 (mDia1-3) localized to protrusions, and knoc

17 We show that the actin nucleator Formin 2 (Fmn2) is deregulated in PTSD and in Alzheimer'

18 Formin 2 (Fmn2), a member of the FMN family of formins,

19 ility, we identified truncating mutations in formin 2 (FMN2), encoding a protein that belongs to the

20 alian oocytes, three actin binding proteins, Formin 2 (Fmn2), Spire, and profilin, synergistically or

21 interacts with the actin-nucleating protein formin 2 (Fmn2).

22 tin polymerization through ER-bound inverted formin 2 (INF2) stimulates Drp1 recruitment in mammalian

23 the formin-family actin nucleator, inverted formin 2 (INF2), localizes specifically to FAs and dorsa

24 hored isoform of the formin protein inverted formin 2 (INF2).

25 ng, we identified a mutation in the inverted formin 2 gene (INF2) in the mutational hotspot for FSGS.

26 INF2 (inverted formin 2) is a formin protein with unique biochemical ef

27 um- and nuclear membrane-associated inverted formin-2 (INF2), a potent actin polymerization activator

28 Formin-2 accumulates in the nucleus after DNA damage, an

29 ly and physically linked nucleation factors: Formin-2 and Spire-1/Spire-2.

30 us after DNA damage, and depletion of either Formin-2 or actin's nuclear import factor, importin-9, i

31 Knockdown of daam1, but not formin-2, resulted in similar disruption of the subapica

32 Sca2, a mimic of host formins [4, 5], was later shown to be required for motil

33 In addition to the common formin ability to accelerate actin nucleation and elonga

34 During Drosophila development, the formin actin nucleator Cappuccino (Capu) helps build a c

35 As the formin-actin filament has been shown to be part of an as

36 ed on myosin contraction and twisting of the formin-actin filament.

37 Our data highlight a unique mechanism of formin action in which mDia1 and INF2 function in series

38 Formin activation impairs novel aspects of transformed c

39 Rho GTPases are known to be involved in formin activation.

40 temporal mechanisms used by cells to control formin activities are only beginning to be understood.

41 hasize the importance of tightly controlling formin activities in vivo to generate specialized geomet

42 In summary, our results show that formin activity at epithelial cell-cell junctions is imp

43 Our findings highlight the importance of formin activity in blood vessel morphogenesis.

44 Nuclear formin activity is further required to promote loading o

45 ion of dominant-negative fmnl3 revealed that formin activity maintains a stable F-actin content at EC

46 cerevisiae Kelch proteins to the control of formin activity, and together with previous observations

47 We conclude that formin agonism impedes the most dangerous GBM component-

48 Formins, an important family of force-bearing actin-poly

49 rolines that are involved in actin assembly (formin and CAP/Srv2p) were significantly reduced by knoc

50 ing components, the Rho effectors diaphanous formin and myosin-II.

51 itors, unravel novel functions of Diaphanous formins and add insights into the pathobiology of microc

52 s, which are elongated at filopodial tips by formins and Ena/VASP proteins.

53 polymerize actin, Smy1 proteins, which bind formins and inhibit actin polymerization, and myosin mot

54 -yet poorly understood, but proteins such as formins and IQGAP1 are known to be involved.

55 contractile ring precursor nodes containing formins and myosin, a new study shows that formin-mediat

56 ted Smy1, which has dual roles in regulating formins and myosin.

57 lly uncoupled Smy1's functions in regulating formins and myosin.

58 is functionally linked to microtubules with formins and point to formins as major mediators of this

59 actin-binding proteins (ABPs), including the formins and tropomyosins (Tms).

60 lved in actin ring assembly (tropomyosin and formin) and membrane trafficking (myosin-V and exocyst)

61 formation revealed that inhibition of Cdc42, formin, and Arp2/3 activities blocked the initiation, bu

62 tability in cells depleted of the respective formin, and the mDia1-interacting protein IQGAP1 regulat

63 ) is composed of membrane-binding scaffolds, formin, and the tail of the essential myosin-II.

64 mbly pathways, including the Arp2/3 complex, formins, and Ena/VASP, which have largely been analyzed

65 promoting factors (NEPFs) such as Ena/VASP, formins, and WASP-family proteins recruit profilin:actin

66 the balance of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, formin- and redox-dependent filament polymerisation.

67 ch belongs to the family of actin organizing formins; and with zipper, which encodes nonmuscle myosin

68 Formins are a conserved group of proteins that nucleate

69 Formins are conserved regulators of actin cytoskeletal o

70 tive real-time PCR analysis, we find that 13 formins are differentially expressed in mouse hearts dur

71 matic cells, we show that actin dynamics and formins are essential for DNA replication.

72 Diaphanous-related formins are eukaryotic actin nucleation factors regulate

73 Formins are multidomain proteins that assemble actin in

74 Further, all three formins are required for formation of cortical microtubu

75 Mammalian Diaphanous (mDia) family formins are Rho-directed effectors that regulate the F-a

76 shes the use of intramimics and mDia-related formins as a new general strategy for therapeutic target

77 d-end regulators such as capping protein and formins as illustrative examples.

78 ed to microtubules with formins and point to formins as major mediators of this association.

79 Drosophila homolog of the FHOD sub-family of formins, as a primary and versatile mediator of IFM thin

80 tches, but also induces a dramatic excess of formin-assembled F-actin.

81 nally, the model predicts that clustering of formins at cell tips promotes actin cable formation.

82 th semiflexible actin filaments growing from formins at cortical nodes, capturing of filaments by nei

83 embly factors such as the Arp2/3 complex and formins at specific times and places.

84 actin filaments being rapidly polymerized by formins at their barbed ends while simultanteously being

85 he FH1-FH2 domain of an Arabidopsis thaliana formin, AtFH14, processively attaches to the barbed end

86 a small actin-binding protein that promotes formin-based actin polymerization and regulates numerous

87 These results indicate that formin-based linear actin polymerization is critical for

88 Inhibition of linear, formin-based nucleation with the small-molecule inhibito

89 t it are illustrated with the example of the Formin binding protein 28 (FBP28) WW domain, which folds

90 monomer binds more tightly to profilin, and formin binding suppresses nucleation and slows polymeriz

91 Disrupting either Spire1C actin- or formin-binding activities reduces mitochondrial constric

92 perimentally tuneable parameters such as the formin-binding affinity of Smy1 and the concentration of

93 We show that a novel isoform of the formin-binding, actin-nucleating protein Spire, Spire1C,

94 es not induce the K113:E195 interaction when formin binds to actin K118 and E117 residues located at

95 zed with the C terminus of the budding yeast formin Bni1 into extracts prepared from yeast cells at d

96 yosins (Tpm1 and Tpm2), profilin (Pfy1), and formins (Bni1 and Bnr1) are required for the assembly of

97 ts encoding key polarity factors including a formin, Bni1, and a polarisome scaffold, Spa2, are nonra

98 on on actin polymerization mediated by yeast formin Bni1p.

99 inhibitory effects on the FH2 domain of the formin Bnr1.

100 y directly controlling the activities of the formin Bnr1.

101 s a mechanosensor, whereby myosin pulling on formin-bound actin filaments inhibits Cdc12-mediated act

102 min Cappuccino (Capu) is conserved among FMN formins but distinct from other formins.

103 ation was dramatically reduced by inhibiting formins but, surprisingly, accelerated by inhibiting Arp

104 ucleotide dissociation inhibitor, or Bnr1, a formin, but was completely restored by extracellular Ca(

105 Actin trails are formin-but not Arp2/3-dependent and help enrich actin at

106 ffold that facilitates the activation of one formin by another.

107 Although the activation of formins by Rho proteins is well characterized, its inact

108 The C-terminal tail of the Drosophila formin Cappuccino (Capu) is conserved among FMN formins

109 ll-Release from precursor nodes that include formin Cdc12 and myosin Myo2.

110 nesis, actin filaments nucleated by cortical formin Cdc12 are captured by myosin motors bound to a ba

111 ch-Capture-Pull in vitro, we discovered that formin Cdc12 is a mechanosensor, whereby myosin pulling

112 cells established that mechanoregulation of formin Cdc12 is required for efficient contractile ring

113 Although genetic requirements for formin Cdc12 recruitment have been determined, the molec

114 tributes to CR formation and cytokinesis via formin Cdc12 recruitment, defining a novel cytokinetic f

115 9-Mut) is the ability to enhance cytokinesis formin Cdc12-mediated actin assembly in vitro, which all

116 II myosin Myo2 and the actin assembly factor formin Cdc12.

117 tion of F-actin for the CR requires a single formin, Cdc12, that localizes to the cell middle at mito

118 GTPase-activating protein (IQGAP) Rng2p, and formin Cdc12p form the base of the node that anchors the

119 synthetic targeting of IQGAP-related Rng2p, formin-Cdc12p, and myosin II (Myo2p) restores medial div

120 Formins comprise a large family of proteins with diverse

121 Formins constitute a large family of proteins that regul

122 y domain-containing protein (FHOD) family of formins contributes to contractility of striated muscle

123 Therefore, actin dynamics and formins control DNA replication by multiple direct and i

124 ng AFM force-clamp experiments, we show that formin controlled by RhoA switches the actin catch-slip

125 Together, these data indicate that different formins cooperate in cytokinesis and that de novo actin

126 This formin cooperates with profilin and Spire, a WASP homolo

127 system and one specific actin regulator, the formin DAAM, which has previously been shown to be requi

128 ession of activated Cdc42, or the regulatory formins dDAAM and Diaphanous caused mislocalization of Z

129 mutants by aberrant filopods, induced by the formin dDia2.

130 The formin Delphilin binds the glutamate receptor, GluRdelta

131 a 30-kPa Ecad-Fc PA gel required Cdc42- and formin-dependent filopodia formation, whereas adhesion t

132 m1 works in concert with profilin to promote formin-dependent nucleation of actin cables, thus expand

133 nce for an involvement of the RhoA-regulated formin Dia1 for entosis downstream of LPAR2.

134 EEF1A in cadherin contact maintenance is the formin DIAPH2, which interacts with EEF1A.

135 Diaphanous (Dia)-related formins (DRFs) coordinate cytoskeletal remodeling by con

136 Formins drive cable formation by promoting actin nucleat

137 is supported by the observation that an anti-formin drug treatment converts dextral snail embryos to

138 ndritic actin networks, with factors such as formins elongating these filaments into filopodia.

139 Formin family actin nucleators are potential coordinator

140 Here we show that specific formin family members dictate which Tm isoform will asso

141 MN2), encoding a protein that belongs to the formin family of actin cytoskeleton nucleation factors a

142 s a unique microtubule-binding member of the formin family of cytoskeletal-remodeling proteins.

143 FMNL3 is expressed more widely and is a formin family protein that is involved in the regulation

144 The formin-family actin filament nucleator FMN2 associates w

145 Here we show that the formin-family actin nucleator, inverted formin 2 (INF2),

146 We show that formin-family actin nucleators are required for the exte

147 ed by apical F-actin cables generated by the formin-family protein Diaphanous (Dia).

148 localize around the Golgi apparatus with the formin-family protein Diaphanous, and loss of either iso

149 le inhibitor SMIFH2 or overexpression of the formin FH1 domain resulted in formation of predominantly

150 Here, we used Small Molecule Inhibitor of Formin FH2 (SMIFH2), after validating its mode of action

151 L. monocytogenes-infected HeLa cells with a formin FH2-domain inhibitor significantly reduced protru

152 ependent regulator of actin remodelling, the formin FHOD1, largely rescued morphology in mutant cells

153 n and phenotypic analysis indicated that the formin FHOD3 played a role in this motility but not mDia

154 Spir and formin (FMN)-type actin nucleators initiate actin polyme

155 d three main systems: actin assembly via the formin FMNL2 and Arp2/3, active myosin-II localization,

156 sing constitutively active constructs of two formins, FMNL3 and mDia2.

157 anging the localization of the fission yeast formins For3 and Cdc12 results in an exchange in localiz

158 lymerization of actin filaments nucleated by formin For3p, which localizes at tip cortical sites.

159 we analyzed the effects of a set of distinct formin fragments and VASP on site-specific, lamellipodia

160 on activities of Bnr1 without displacing the formin from filament ends.

161 is the direct demonstration of a processive formin from plants.

162 mposed of parallel actin cables nucleated by formins from the plasma membrane [4].

163 mutations provides mechanistic insight into formin function in general and Capu's role in the Drosop

164 of fmnl3 expression, chemical inhibition of formin function, and expression of dominant-negative fmn

165 it at the lumen surface depends on Cdc42 and formin function.

166 In fission yeast cells, the formin Fus1, which nucleates linear actin filaments, is

167 Here, we show that the Diaphanous-related formin G (ForG) from the professional phagocyte Dictyost

168 oordinated advancement of these regions with formin-generated FLPs.

169 ition or overexpression by microinjection of formin has a chirality-randomizing effect in early (pre-

170 Formins have a conserved formin homology 2 domain, which

171 tory domain (DAD) and the C terminus (CT) of formins have also been shown to regulate actin assembly

172 Additionally, most formins have conserved domains that regulate actin assem

173 nd on the Src homology 3 domain of Hof1, the formin homology 1 (FH1) domain of Bnr1, and Hof1 dimeriz

174 nfluencing filament growth together with the formin homology 1 (FH1) domain.

175 The conserved formin homology 1 and 2 (FH1-FH2) domains of DAAM cataly

176 The well conserved formin homology 1 and 2 domains were originally thought

177 ring, and thereby may stretch the disordered formin homology 1 domain and impede formin-mediated acti

178 We mapped Cdc12 mechanoregulation to its formin homology 1 domain, which facilitates delivery of

179 ion, but that profilin-actin associated with formin homology 1 domains reverses this effect.

180 les, which have missense mutations in Capu's formin homology 2 (FH2) domain.

181 rcular RNAs derived from Ttn (Titin), Fhod3 (Formin homology 2 domain containing 3), and Strn3 (Stria

182 Formins have a conserved formin homology 2 domain, which nucleates and associates

183 ory domain (DAD), which is C-terminal to the formin homology 2 domain.

184 ium of the end of a filament associated with formin homology 2 domains toward the closed state that p

185 teracts with the C-terminal extension of the formin homology domain 2 (FH2) domain of Fmn2, called FS

186 ing to inhibit Rac1 and activate a RhoA-ROCK-Formin homology domain-containing 3 (FHOD3) pathway and

187 Among them, the formin homology domain-containing protein (FHOD) family

188 gulation of planar cell polarity through the Formin homology protein Daam.

189 nvading in vitro and in vivo is regulated by Formin homology-2 domain containing 3 (FHOD3), which is

190 dentify differential binding partners of the formin-homology domain 2 (FH2) of mDia1, mDia2, and mDia

191 Seven formins immunolocalize to sarcomeres in diverse patterns

192 ter validating its mode of action on a plant formin in vitro, and observed a reduced nucleation frequ

193 These data establish a role for formins in dictating which specific Tm variant will asso

194 Delphilin is distinct from other formins in several ways: its expression is limited to Pu

195 ation under confinement on laminin relies on formins, including FHOD3, but not Arp2/3 and that the lo

196 Conversely, disruption of formin increases the density of Arp2/3-complex-mediated

197 r results indicate an important role for the formin INF2 in specifying the function of fibrillar FAs

198 ing actin polymerization, myosin IIA, or the formin INF2 reduces both un-stimulated and ionomycin-ind

199 Within seconds of calcium influx, the formin INF2 stimulates filament polymerization at the en

200 EXC-6, an ortholog of the disease-associated formin INF2, coordinates cell outgrowth and lumen format

201 show that EXC-6 is orthologous to the human formin INF2, which polymerizes filamentous actin (F-acti

202 Here we show that another formin, INF2, is necessary for mDia1-mediated induction

203 nctions through CDC-42 to regulate two other formins: INFT-2, another INF2 ortholog, and CYK-1, the s

204 In proliferating cells, formin inhibition abolishes nuclear transport and initia

205 Finally, formin inhibition dramatically disrupts synaptic recycli

206 We used the formin inhibitor SMIFH2 and mDia agonists IMM-01/-02 and

207 n arcs, and arc generation was arrested by a formin inhibitor.

208 microtubule binding by Cappuccino (Capu), a formin involved in regulating actin and microtubule orga

209 when the filamentous dynamic actin nucleator formin is inhibited.

210 of a tandemly duplicated, diaphanous-related formin is perfectly associated with symmetry breaking in

211 We show that Sca2's functional mimicry of formins is achieved through a unique mechanism.

212 on, and myosin motors, which deliver Smy1 to formins, leading to a length-dependent actin polymerizat

213 We identify formin-like 2 (FMNL2) as being specifically required for

214 , the actin nucleator and elongation factor, formin-like 3 (fmnl3), localizes to EC junctions, where

215 The formin-like protein INF2 is an important player in the p

216 ht form together with NRD, a doughnut-shaped formin-like structure.

217 Loss of the formin mammalian Diaphanous 1, a regulator of linear act

218 has been hypothesized that force applied to formin may facilitate transition of the FH2 ring from an

219 other actin polymerization factors, such as formins, may participate in protrusion formation.

220 enerated the majority of cortical actin: the formin mDia1 and the Arp2/3 complex.

221 Previously we showed that the formin mDia1 helps tether microtubules at the cell corte

222 plex' in which a CP dimer and a dimer of the formin mDia1 simultaneously bind the barbed end.

223 Silencing or acute inhibition of the formin mDia1 suppresses these activities and corrects th

224 ) in NIH3T3 fibroblasts through RhoA and the formin mDia1.

225 Here, we identify the formin mDia2 as essential for stable replenishment of ne

226 Thus, the formin mDia2 functions downstream of the MgcRacGAP-depen

227 RNA interference silencing, we find that the formins mDia2, DAAM1, FMNL1, and FMNL2 are required nonr

228 ns of mDia1 and its two most closely related formins, mDia2 and mDia3, to cortical microtubule captur

229 In diverse biological systems, formins mediate polarized trafficking through the genera

230 posed of actin filament bundles nucleated by formins, mediate intracellular transport for cell polari

231 le of profilin is to specifically facilitate formin-mediated actin assembly for cytokinesis in fissio

232 We previously demonstrated formin-mediated actin dynamics at the rear of the invadi

233 sordered formin homology 1 domain and impede formin-mediated actin filament elongation.

234 properties of actin filaments by modulating formin-mediated actin nucleation and assembly during pla

235 In contrast, formin-mediated actin nucleation is only required during

236 Loss of gamma-CYA stimulated formin-mediated actin polymerization and activation of R

237 Here we investigated a role for formin-mediated actin polymerization at cell-cell juncti

238 nding of formin-microtubule interactions and formin-mediated actin-microtubule cross-talk, we studied

239 in assembly, whereas decreasing actin favors formin-mediated contractile rings.

240 of both myosin-II activation and diaphanous formin-mediated filamentous actin (f-actin) assembly, wh

241 g formins and myosin, a new study shows that formin-mediated polymerization is strongly inhibited upo

242 Formin-mediated SF elongation negatively feeds back with

243 actin, involving ATP hydrolysis, N-WASP and formin, mediates Omega-profile merging by providing suff

244 a more detailed mechanistic understanding of formin-microtubule interactions and formin-mediated acti

245 ly, live cell imaging of mechano-insensitive formin mutant cells established that mechanoregulation o

246 tively, these findings identify a Rho GTPase-formin network that is critically involved in the cell-t

247 Formins nucleate actin polymers, while Tms are conserved

248 ulations within the network by, for example, formins or Ena/VASP family members and its influence on

249 tin networks assembled by Arp2/3 complex and formins or Ena/VASP.

250 In this paper, we show that this formin organizes a specific actin structure-the actin fu

251 activation of the Rac1/N-WASP/Arp2/3 and Rho/formins pathways.

252 Formins perform essential roles in actin assembly and or

253 bility altered in response to actin, myosin, formin perturbations, or a transcriptional down-regulati

254 Thus, Cdc42 and formins play pivotal roles in heart lumen formation thro

255 rmin 2 (Fmn2), a member of the FMN family of formins, plays an important role in early development.

256 Formins polymerize actin filaments for the cytokinetic c

257 We also report the first visualization of a formin polymerizing actin filaments in the presence of m

258 Formins processively elongate filaments, whereas capping

259 morphogenesis (DAAM) is a diaphanous-related formin protein essential for the regulation of actin cyt

260 INF2 is an unusual formin protein in that it accelerates both actin polymer

261 n, driven by the endoplasmic reticulum-bound formin protein INF2, stimulates Drp1 assembly at fission

262 merization by the ER-anchored isoform of the formin protein inverted formin 2 (INF2).

263 FMNL3 is a vertebrate-specific formin protein previously shown to play a role in angiog

264 INF2 is a formin protein with the unique ability to accelerate bot

265 INF2 (inverted formin 2) is a formin protein with unique biochemical effects on actin.

266 l microtubules in a nonredundant manner, and formin proteins defective in actin polymerization remain

267 Similarities with Arp2/3 complex and formin proteins suggest that organization of monomers in

268 test whether profilin cooperates with plant formin proteins to execute actin nucleation and rapid fi

269 is localized to 5q31 and encodes one of the formin proteins, mDia1, which is involved in linear acti

270 l roles in myofibril formation and repair of formin proteins, which are encoded by 15 different genes

271 sm of regulation of a Rho-GTPase-independent formin, recruited by Spire at Rab11a-positive vesicles,

272 The mechanism by which diverse formins regulate actin dynamics in plants is still not w

273 Multiple formins regulate microtubule (MT) arrays, but whether th

274 propagation of allosteric changes affecting formin regulation in an isoform-specific fashion.

275 Bud14 is one member of an emerging class of formin regulators that target the FH2 domain to inhibit

276 ipated mechanistic ties between two distinct formin regulators.

277 results provide important insights into how formin senses these mechanical constraints and regulates

278 In budding yeast, formins stimulate the assembly of an organized network o

279 e find that depletion of each of these three formins strongly disrupts chemotaxis without significant

280 Finally, Delphilin is the first formin studied that is not regulated by intramolecular i

281 roborate reported observations that RhoA and formin switch force-induced actin cytoskeleton alignment

282 Because of its multifunctionality, the formin tail is a candidate for regulation by other prote

283 , indicating that this is a general role for formin tails.

284 Mutants of either formin that disrupt their interaction failed to rescue M

285 diated in part through its interactions with formins that in turn bind microtubules [3, 4].

286 fission yeast ring revealed that myosins and formins that nucleate actin filaments colocalize in plas

287 multicellular organism that the ability of a formin to assemble actin filaments is required for a spe

288 Fission yeast cells use Arp2/3 complex and formin to assemble diverse filamentous actin (F-actin) n

289 Profilin is therefore required for formin to compete effectively with excess Arp2/3 complex

290 associated protein CLIP-170 binds tightly to formins to accelerate actin filament elongation.

291 n-dependent elongation, mimicking eukaryotic formins to assemble actin comet tails for Rickettsia mot

292 ishes that Fhod shares the capacity of other formins to nucleate and bundle actin filaments but is no

293 Thus Hof1 tunes formins to sculpt the actin cable network.

294 he ability of major actin assembly proteins, formins, to sustain actin polymerization.

295 ial for the spatial patterning of cyclin and formin transcripts in cytosol.

296 eplacement of Capu-tail with DADs from other formins tunes nucleation activity.

297 eplacement of Capu-tail with DADs from other formins tunes the processive association with the barbed

298 Surprisingly, expression of formin variants but not VASP reduced lamellipodial protr

299 enna mechanism" involves three key proteins: formins, which polymerize actin, Smy1 proteins, which bi

300 data reveal an unexpectedly large number of formins, with diverse localization patterns and nonredun