ライフサイエンスコーパス: foul

1 tivated carbon, and membranes (e.g., organic fouling).

2 aning that traditional membranes are readily fouled.

3 sing surface zeta potential as the membranes fouled.

4 rstand the molecular signatures of bacterial fouling.

5 mer brush layer to effectively repel protein fouling.

6 include corrosivity, evaporative losses and fouling.

7 s that can provide new insight into membrane fouling.

8 he sources of proteins resulting in membrane fouling.

9 tion processes, and is essentially free from fouling.

10 se both irreversible and reversible membrane fouling.

11 ile preventing non-specific cell and protein fouling.

12 tive agent in biofilm formation and membrane fouling.

13 terionic characteristic demonstrate ultralow fouling.

14 cellular fluid and hence minimizes electrode fouling.

15 issues with corrosion, sulfide release, and fouling.

16 n, respectively, to longer term irreversible fouling.

17 gating the dynamic processes during membrane fouling.

18 and adhesion, camouflage, and resistance to fouling.

19 to regenerate the membrane performance after fouling.

20 kinetics, and are more resistant to surface fouling.

21 ids toward these surfaces leads to electrode fouling.

22 nd greatly reduced susceptibility to reactor fouling.

23 emulsion separation is limited due to severe fouling.

24 ealed three phases in membrane support layer fouling.

25 arbons from frac and produced waters without fouling.

26 t and a need for periodic replacement due to fouling.

27 analyte concentration and increased surface fouling.

28 diated by rhamnolipids forewarning bacterial fouling.

29 nly partially effective to prevent long-term fouling.

30 experienced both reversible and irreversible fouling.

31 , a component of natural organic matter that fouls activated carbons.

32 eir contributions to physically irreversible fouling after cycles 1 and 5.

33 pHEMA that completely lost its resistance to fouling after the activation of hydroxyl groups.

34 periods of time, the SWNT electrodes do not foul and can be used repeatedly for many months.

35 ny medical and dental infections, industrial fouling and are also evident in ancient fossils.

36 surfaces which are naturally insensitive to fouling and degradation as compared to other approaches.

37 Subcutaneous sensor inflammatory response, fouling and fibrous encapsulation resulting from the hos

38 he use of a SPR biosensor based on ultra-low fouling and functionalizable poly(carboxybetaine acrylam

39 Three different low-fouling and functionalizable surface platforms were empl

40 ues of consistent fluidic behaviour, channel fouling and high-throughput processing.

41 aightforward strategies to minimize membrane fouling and improve nanoparticle recovery by functionali

42 d to function in the protection of eggs from fouling and infection.

43 This is due to surface fouling and interference from the large concentration of

44 and power improvements, efforts to mitigate fouling and lower membrane and electrode cost will be eq

45 This study investigates organic fouling and osmotic backwash cleaning in PRO and the res

46 be readily used for real time monitoring of fouling and process control.

47 let microfluidic technologies reduce channel fouling and provide an improved level of control over he

48 lated positively with the extent of membrane fouling and ranged from 1.9 to 3.9.

49 branes also show excellent stable flux after fouling and superior mechanical properties of high press

50 The underlying principles of this fouling and the adsorbing proteins remain to be identifi

51 t ionic strengths of 10 and 100 mM, membrane fouling and the BSA removal rate decreased significantly

52 We studied both the surface resistance to fouling and the functional capabilities of these brushes

53 d back to 5 when the membrane was critically fouled, and the achieved LRV remained stable at differen

54 nt processes or support microbial corrosion, fouling, and sulfide release.

55 wetting properties are of interest for anti-fouling, anti-fogging, anti-icing, self-cleaning, anti-s

56 er is also suitable for applications in anti-fouling, anti-smudge, anti-fog, and self-cleaning.

57 gistic combination of active and passive non-fouling approaches to increase biocompatibility and redu

58 surface is one route to mitigating membrane fouling, as it helps to maintain high levels of water pr

59 These results support minimal fouling at hydrogenated carbon electrodes applied to dop

60 s of PRO membranes are particularly prone to fouling because of their direct contact with various fou

61 ity while simultaneously exhibiting ultralow-fouling behavior in complex food media.

62 rticles (FSNPs) showed drastically different fouling behavior than those labeled with the fluorescein

63 s) present in wastewater give rise to unique fouling behavior that can be mitigated by preozonation.

64 of mixed matrix membrane with improved anti-fouling behaviour compared to the neat polymeric membran

65 mechanisms will lead to better management of fouling/biofouling in membrane technologies.

66 sponse to serum potassium in the presence of fouling biological components.

67 n compared with the most successful ultralow-fouling biorecognition coatings - poly(carboxybetaine ac

68 A label-free and low fouling biosensor based on functional polyethylene glyco

69 the feed wastewater stream channel severely fouled both the membrane support layer and feed spacer,

70 tion of NaClO substantially reduced membrane fouling both in terms of the rate of TMP development and

71 procedure is further combined with ultra-low-fouling brushes of random copolymer carboxybetaine metha

72 s biomolecules that not only inhibit surface fouling, but also promote the integration of medical dev

73 nstrated that HA could contribute to cathode fouling, but the extent of power reduction was relativel

74 e PRO tests, the PES TFC membranes are badly fouled by model protein foulants, causing a water flux d

75 nts, and does not appear to be significantly fouled by natural organic matter (NOM), highlighting the

76 d to seawater or physiological fluids become fouled by organic conditioning films and biofilms within

77 rane conditions: pristine membrane, membrane fouled by soluble microbial product (SMP) extracted from

78 that lubricant infusion considerably reduces fouling by deceiving the mechanosensing ability of musse

79 and practise a novel concept to prevent bio-fouling by developing a killing and self-cleaning membra

80 t ozone pretreatment would minimize membrane fouling by DOM, while chlorine pretreatment would promot

81 ecause its porous structure is very prone to fouling by feeding river water.

82 reacted surface area rendered stable and low fouling by incorporation of PEG moieties.

83 nside an immiscible carrier liquid, prevents fouling by isolating the reaction from the channel walls

84 rtainties such as the effect of long-term AC fouling by organic matter remain, the study findings sup

85 er microelectrodes were resistant to surface fouling by serotonin and the metabolite interferant 5-hy

86 These coatings reduce protein fouling by steric repulsion and formation of a hydration

87 However, membrane fouling can lead to diminished water flux productivity,

88 hanisms involved in functionalization of low-fouling carboxy-functional coatings have on the BRE capa

89 etter when compared with the widely used low-fouling carboxy-functional oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-

90 vated groups on recently developed ultra-low-fouling carboxybetaine polymer and copolymer brushes (pC

91 into the impact of preozonation on membrane fouling caused by biogenic colloids.

92 trochemical data is largely due to electrode fouling caused by polymerization of L-DOPA and endogenou

93 sistance over various carboxy-functional low-fouling coatings including homopolymer pCB brushes and O

94 pproach permits fabrication of slippery anti-fouling coatings on complex surfaces and provides new me

95 of colonization and succession in a benthic fouling community.

96 hat typical CIP conditions do not remove all fouling contaminants.

97 , porous) side of an asymmetric membrane for fouling control in pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), an e

98 Fouling control is one of the critical issues in membran

99 velopments of AnMBR technology in low energy fouling control, increased flux, and management of efflu

100 hosis might lead to practical strategies for fouling control.

101 Membrane fouling could be avoided by prior removal of the spontan

102 we identified 98 plasma proteins that still foul current "protein-resistant" polymer brushes.

103 It is demonstrated that the resistance to fouling decreases with the surface content of CBMAA; pol

104 This study shows that membrane fouling detrimentally impacts energy production, and hig

105 nalized AT-SAM covalently with BSA decreased fouling down to the level comparable to unblocked pCBAA.

106 can be self-cleaning, stain-proof, anti-bio-fouling, drag-reducing, or anti-fogging, for smartphone

107 d to develop a probe capable of withstanding fouling during dopamine detection in vivo.

108 t observations that ozone mitigates membrane fouling during filtration of secondary effluent prompted

109 ans of purifying water, but they suffer from fouling during filtration.

110 lped to prevent the sensor chip surface from fouling during functionalization.

111 bic molecules primarily appeared to initiate fouling during microfiltration of untreated raw water be

112 Insect fouling during takeoff, climb and landing can result in

113 ental to well infrastructure and natural gas fouling during this process.

114 g UF; and (3) preozonation reduces liposomal fouling during UF, likely due to the disruption of the l

115 materials could be responsible for 20-60% of fouling during UF; and (3) preozonation reduces liposoma

116 Due to the anti-fouling effect conferred by the carboxyl-PEG layer, we c

117 s varied among sorbents, with the largest OM fouling effect observed for the high surface sorbents MW

118 reacting with MWCNT as well as an electrode-fouling effect.

119 he rate of electron transfer kinetics at the fouled electrode surface was determined from SECM approa

120 nterface provided an excellent resistance to fouling even after the functionalization and allowed for

121 found to be the least susceptible to surface fouling (even at relatively high DA concentrations), the

122 In the membrane fouling experiments, protein and alginate were used as m

123 n, experimental scale and duration, membrane fouling, feed solution chemistry, draw solution composit

124 tial applications in the treatment of highly fouling feedwaters.

125 The fouled fibers can be easily regenerated by backwash of w

126 ncement and mitigation mechanisms of protein fouling, filtration experiments were carried out with po

127 to 15 mol % maintain excellent resistance to fouling from a variety of homogenized foods (hamburger,

128 s have on the BRE capacity and resistance to fouling from blood plasma.

129 Fouling from complex biological fluids such as blood pla

130 s superior surface resistance regarding both fouling from complex food samples as well as the non-spe

131 at combine the ability to resist nonspecific fouling from complex media with high biorecognition elem

132 and only minor susceptibility toward surface fouling from DA byproducts, although the extent of HOPG

133 To examine a possible role in fouling from organic matter in water, cathodes were expo

134 To prevent the interference of the fouling from serum during the measurement, the SPR chips

135 d sensor also exhibited a high resistance to fouling from ~90% EL samples (<2 ng/cm(2)).

136 The SPRi chips were coated with ultra-low fouling functionalizable poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide)

137 s a pretreatment for controlling operational fouling has received little attention.

138 ecreased membrane lifetimes, due to membrane fouling, have limited its application.

139 phosphate buffer], but suffered from surface fouling in 10% serum.

140 ultimately control the irreversible membrane fouling in a forward osmosis (FO) process.

141 ion to eliminating the irreversible membrane fouling in an FO process.

142 In addition, the IL-COOH demonstrated low fouling in crude serum, to a level equivalent to PEG.

143 lieved to be a major contributor to membrane fouling in drinking water treatment.

144 engineering solutions to prevent biological fouling in infiltration systems.

145 A real time monitoring of fouling in liquid chromatography has been presented.

146 higher rate of reactivity loss from surface fouling in nonidealized matrixes (e.g., partially treate

147 appeared to contribute more to irreversible fouling in pretreated waters throughout the course of fi

148 hlights the potential strategies to mitigate fouling in PRO power generation with natural salinity gr

149 d colloids could have an important effect on fouling in SAnMBRs as they represent pioneering species

150 To study resin fouling in situ, we coupled affinity chromatography and

151 ode surface) contributed to reduced membrane fouling in the AnEMBR compared to the control reactor (o

152 roperties opens up a viable solution for bio-fouling in ultrafiltration application for wastewater pu

153 id modified sensor resulted in a highly anti-fouling interface, while keeping the sensing capabilitie

154 Membrane fouling is a major challenge in water and wastewater tre

155 Channel-fouling is a pervasive problem in continuous flow chemis

156 Bio-fouling is a serious problem in many membrane-based sepa

157 Membrane fouling is essentially eliminated, while a specific flux

158 ansport has remained a distant prospect, and fouling is nearly inevitable.

159 In the long term, colloidal fouling is observed in the stack without treatment and t

160 ng mechanisms, and demonstrate that membrane fouling is to some extent dependent upon the prevailing

161 Electrochemical fouling is typical for dopamine (DA) as its oxidation pr

162 NADH fouling, known to occur to the electrode surface during

163 ane filtration system, and the growth of the fouling layer was observed by using the structural imagi

164 solution images recording the formation of a fouling layer.

165 ative proportion changed over the age of the fouling layer.

166 rtant relation between washing efficiency of fouling layers from membranes and their viscoelastic pro

167 Model fouling layers of extracellular polymeric substances (EP

168 ering species attaching to membranes to form fouling layers/biofilm.

169 hollow-fiber membranes, suffer from membrane fouling, leading to significant reliability and producti

170 llent surfaces typically work by keeping the fouling liquid in a metastable state, with trapped pocke

171 pores in the closed state, and creates a non-fouling, liquid-lined pore in the open state.

172 d stability, and lack of non-specific sensor fouling may enable long-term in situ sensor array operat

173 Fouling mechanism analysis revealed that complete pore b

174 n RO membrane fouling mechanisms, a novel RO fouling mechanism is proposed, in which foulant-membrane

175 Better understanding of the underlying fouling mechanisms entails novel characterization techni

176 Among the already known RO membrane fouling mechanisms, a novel RO fouling mechanism is prop

177 2 removal by these membranes was as follows: fouled membrane > backwashed membrane > chemically clean

178 percentage of MS2 in the concentrate for the fouled membrane as compared with the pristine membrane.

179 Fouled membrane samples were collected at 8 h, and 1, 2,

180 ion to the pristine membrane than to the SMP-fouled membrane.

181 The water permeability of the fouled membranes was lowered by approximately 39%, causi

182 In addition, fouling might be more easily controlled as the particles

183 genic pathways by controlling the content of fouling moieties in the PCB hydrogel.

184 deactivation method affecting the ultra-low-fouling molecular structure of the brush and surface cha

185 ere examined for redness, pus, swelling, and foul odour on day 0, 1, 4, 10, and 28.

186 onstrate that pCBAA-compared to standard low-fouling OEG-based alkanethiolate self-assemabled monolay

187 present in human infants and therefore falls foul of the very intellectualist problems it attempts to

188 eters captured the impact of DOM size on the fouling of 2-methylisoborneol and warfarin adsorption an

189 The degree of DA fouling of different carbon electrodes with different te

190 multidrug-tolerant infections in humans and fouling of medical devices.

191 d costly complication resulting from biofilm fouling of medical devices.

192 ely more important contributors to long-term fouling of MFC cathodes.

193 n rates were, however, reduced by biological fouling of microplastic and in the presence of phytoplan

194 produced water treatment, including reducing fouling of physical-chemical treatment processes and dec

195 ow density lipoprotein in particular play in fouling of plasma to polymeric biomaterials.

196 This suggests that protein fouling of surfaces is a highly dynamic process because

197 . surface area after weathering, implicating fouling of the biochar surface by humic substances trans

198 The contamination, passivation, or fouling of the detection electrodes is a serious problem

199 rms provide poor peak resolution and lead to fouling of the electrode surface.

200 y production of this technology is huge, but fouling of the membranes and the membrane stack reduces

201 The results showed that there was minimal fouling of the MnO2 coated membrane (0.5 kPa for 70 days

202 s normally required to reduce or control the fouling of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes in drinking wa

203 ltra-low fouling properties of pCBAA (plasma fouling of ~20 ng/cm(2)), a finding in contrast with pHE

204 The effect of tissue fouling on CNT yarns was studied for the first time, and

205 y pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) processes, fouling on PRO membranes must be mitigated.

206 rtz crystal microbalance, and the effects of fouling on the membrane's performance were evaluated.

207 In order to prevent fouling on the sensor surface by the constituents presen

208 he effects of real water matrix and membrane fouling on TOrC rejection must be evaluated.

209 To understand the early stages of bacterial fouling on water purification membranes, we have used de

210 ample components, excluding species that may foul or compete with the target at the affinity substrat

211 mobilised and there was no significant resin fouling or enzyme inhibition between cycles.

212 h for effectively detaching micro- and macro-fouling organisms adhered on the elastomer surfaces.

213 ward osmosis mode, the GO membrane exhibited fouling performance comparable with that of a polyamide

214 aminants to the membrane surface can lead to fouling, performance decline and possible breakthrough o

215 ination brine-wastewater, respectively), but fouling persists to be a pivotal operational challenge t

216 Initial foulants of the first fouling phase quickly adsorbed at the active-support lay

217 Organic compounds in produced water may foul physical-chemical treatment processes or support mi

218 ghlight the serious challenges of using high fouling potential feed sources in PRO, such as secondary

219 on, microorganism content, silt density, and fouling potential, and exhibited better desalination per

220 r source for desalination by RO due to lower fouling potential, and reduced pretreatment costs.

221 a, however, did not noticeably aggravate the fouling problem.

222 reduction at +125 mV versus Ag/AgCl without fouling problems.

223 of this work was to study at a lab scale the fouling process with an emphasis on the changes in the r

224 A model of the fouling process, assuming the formation of growing patch

225 surface-induced NP aggregation and electrode fouling processes, and reproducible and renewable electr

226 uating the permeate flux, salt rejection and fouling propensities of the different water types.

227 the single-skinned membrane with much lower fouling propensity for emulsified oil-water separation.

228 ersion method have demonstrated less ICP and fouling propensity over typical single-skinned membranes

229 al concentration polarization (ICP) and fast fouling propensity that occurs in the membrane sublayer.

230 ith non-triazolic peptides gave rise to anti-fouling properties and still enabled the detection of ca

231 rate protective coatings, which possess anti-fouling properties and suppress irreversible interaction

232 is represents the first demonstration of low fouling properties following antibody functionalization

233 n did not substantially affect the ultra-low fouling properties of pCBAA (plasma fouling of ~20 ng/cm

234 r ppEG, surface, known by their protein anti-fouling properties.

235 and can enhance membrane separation and anti-fouling properties.

236 -composite membranes exhibited enhanced anti-fouling property compared to neat PVDF membrane.

237 release of NO, and maintenance of ultra-low fouling property of liquid-infused materials.

238 On an industrial scale, replacing fouled Protein A affinity chromatography resin accounts

239 al operating conditions (2 V AC) reduced the fouling rate by 75% versus the control and achieved up t

240 esults, an initial average electrode surface fouling rate of 1.2% min(-1) was estimated, which gradua

241 nes without damaging them and they exhibit a fouling reduction.

242 the HPG grafted membranes show much superior fouling resistance against bovine serum albumin (BSA) ad

243 hat the best performance in terms of overall fouling resistance and biorecognition capability is prov

244 stence time, which we believe contributed to fouling resistance by impeding interactions with biomole

245 onstrate that both the functionalization and fouling resistance capabilities of such copolymer brushe

246 approach substantially enhances longer-term fouling resistance compared with surface modification or

247 with antibodies are demonstrated to exhibit fouling resistance from food samples by up to 3 orders o

248 to study the effect of functionalization on fouling resistance from several types of undiluted media

249 The fouling resistance of activated/BRE-functionalized pCB i

250 It is shown that the fouling resistance of BRE-functionalized pCB coatings is

251 Our findings suggest that the fouling resistance of glycopeptoids can be explained by

252 g a BRE-functionalized coating with superior fouling resistance over various carboxy-functional low-f

253 5% versus the control and achieved up to 96% fouling resistance recovery (FRR) during BW at 8 V AC us

254 odic air sparging has a minimum of colloidal fouling, resulting in a higher power density in the long

255 n porcine lungs showed significantly reduced fouling, resulting in either unnecessary or approximatel

256 the influence of hydrodynamic conditions on fouling reversibility during emulsion separation, and ma

257 ar polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from fouled RO membranes and organic compounds of ultrafiltra

258 e used for controlled washing experiments of fouled RO membranes.

259 neously, and less susceptibility to membrane fouling/scaling, which is a significant challenge in the

260 wide variety of applications including anti-fouling, self-cleaning, anti-smudge, and low-drag.

261 oleophobic surfaces are of interest for anti-fouling, self-cleaning, anti-smudge, low-drag, anti-fog,

262 Here we report a new route to form anti-fouling steel surfaces by electrodeposition of nanoporou

263 asurements despite the presence of potential fouling substances in the wine matrix.

264 the original membrane regardless of alginate fouling, suggesting an ultimate solution to eliminating

265 We report an ultra-low fouling surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) biosens

266 These non-fouling surfaces are readily patternable, incorporate in

267 als have shown promise in creating ultra-low fouling surfaces, but are limited in their ability to pr

268 analyte injection yielded the most minimally fouling surfaces.

269 weight cut-off below 500 g mol(-1) and a low fouling tendency.

270 ermeate flux declined more rapidly under UFP fouling than it did under EPS.

271 plasma etching provided better resistance to fouling than unmodified or antistatic gun treated CNTYME

272 much hindered due to the severe irreversible fouling that occurs as foulants accumulate inside the po

273 at seeding of "sticky" stromal cells did not foul the electrode and compromise sensor performance.

274 ities are a major contributor to accumulated fouling, the application of an oxidation/disinfection st

275 by varying membrane surface area or membrane fouling, the filtrate concentrations behaved according t

276 support and hence cause severe irreversible fouling, the GO membrane allows the foulants to accumula

277 , as the membranes progressed to subcritical fouling, the LRVs of ARB decreased at increasing operati

278 he entire membrane module after irreversible fouling, thereby hopefully reducing the overall cost of

279 filtration membrane units, each of which was fouled to a different extent.

280 hology, as well as to evaluate the bacterial fouling trend and backwash (BW) efficacy, respectively.

281 ey findings of this study were (1) liposomes fouled UF membranes faster (4-13 times membrane cake res

282 f a denser BSA layer; consequently, membrane fouling was enhanced.

283 e showed ideal voltammetry while significant fouling was evident in the electrochemical response at p

284 Coking in pipe and membrane fouling was virtually non-existent in this new process.

285 , after the surfaces had been experimentally fouled, was also demonstrated through the use of polishi

286 reactor (SAnMBR), and their role in membrane fouling, was investigated.

287 ects of salinity and sediment organic matter fouling were assessed by measuring the isotherms in fres

288 d its specificity toward minimizing membrane fouling were demonstrated.

289 The membranes with different degrees of fouling were evaluated for their efficiencies in removin

290 ized by a new morphology that avoids coating fouling, were compared to their nonmodified analogues.

291 In this work, the detailed mechanisms of fouling which limits the performance of membrane separat

292 roblem with implantable sensors is electrode fouling, which has been proposed as the main reason for

293 one of the main setbacks of RO operation is fouling, which hinders membrane performance and induces

294 ry ability to prevent their sticky feet from fouling while running on dusty walls and ceilings.

295 udies in MBRs tended to overestimate organic fouling, while the biofouling induced by these bacteria

296 abricated thin-film composite membranes were fouled with model river water containing natural organic

297 wed good resistance to organic and microbial fouling with the imposition of a 2.0 V DC voltage.

298 Here we demonstrate that ultra-low-fouling zwitterionic hydrogels can resist the formation

299 robe for analytes and then by grafting a non-fouling zwitterionic polymer brush layer to effectively

300 rk highlights the first application of a non-fouling zwitterionic surface coating to enable silicon p