ライフサイエンスコーパス: frameshifting

1 out-of-frame pairing" model of translational frameshifting.

2 further influence miRNA processing and viral frameshifting.

3 genes inferred as sites of +1 translational frameshifting.

4 ue to PA-X, which was expressed by ribosomal frameshifting.

5 ding frame ("X-ORF"), accessed via ribosomal frameshifting.

6 t the stability of stem 1 is critical for -1 frameshifting.

7 e shorter gamma that arises by translational frameshifting.

8 extreme example of programmed translational frameshifting.

9 due, with CCU and CCC promoting efficient +1 frameshifting.

10 BWYV X-ray crystallography structure, in -1 frameshifting.

11 the shorter gamma, produced by translational frameshifting.

12 imit the fraction of ribosomes available for frameshifting.

13 s cautionary for other studies of programmed frameshifting.

14 sional resistance, and may thereby stimulate frameshifting.

15 lopment of anti-virus therapeutics targeting frameshifting.

16 ibosome biogenesis, and programmed ribosomal frameshifting.

17 codon position, gives a history of ribosome frameshifting.

18 translation errors and (5) mutations due to frameshifting.

19 ption errors, mRNA damage, and translational frameshifting.

20 truncated gamma that is created by ribosomal frameshifting.

21 zed that this modification was needed for -1 frameshifting.

22 tion, thereby inducing ribosomal pausing and frameshifting.

23 has some potential as a tool for studying -1 frameshifting.

24 ur pseudoknots cause -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting.

25 as 'slippery' and promotes -1 translational frameshifting.

26 e shift site often act as cis-stimulators of frameshifting.

27 plement of tRNAs predicted to be inimical to frameshifting.

28 complex that is stalled in the process of -1 frameshifting.

29 ide modification enzymes showed increased -1 frameshifting.

30 (TK-low phenotype), evidently via ribosomal frameshifting.

31 w leaf virus (ScYLV) stimulates -1 ribosomal frameshifting.

32 egisters reminiscent of programmed ribosomal frameshifting.

33 lower stem (LS) structure are important for frameshifting.

34 cipher the mechanism of programmed ribosomal frameshifting.

35 irus- or host-specific factors that modulate frameshifting.

36 the recoding site promote a precise level of frameshifting.

37 rtant role in biological functions including frameshifting.

38 ulatory and polyamine sensitizing effects on frameshifting.

39 shift site alone only supports low levels of frameshifting.

40 iple ribosomal translocation attempts during frameshifting.

41 candidates for functional utilization of -1 frameshifting.

42 here is no clear mechanistic description for frameshifting.

43 an function as a transactivator of ribosomal frameshifting.

44 that are involved in programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) are typically two-stemmed hairpin

45 ts of stimulation of -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) by RNA pseudoknots are poorly und

46 Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) is a gene-expression mechanism us

47 Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) is a mechanism that directs elong

48 Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) is a widely used translational me

49 Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) is used by many positive-strand R

50 In viruses, programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) signals direct the translation of

51 Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) stimulated by mRNA pseudoknots re

52 WNV uses programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) to synthesize the NS1' protein, a

53 hese viruses utilize programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) to synthesize the viral trans-fra

54 alphaviruses utilize programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) to synthesize the viral trans-fra

55 ch mechanism, termed -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF), to engineer ligand-responsive RN

56 mulatory function in programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF).

57 ies have identified operational -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 RF) signals in eukaryotic genomic sequ

58 Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1PRF) is tightly regulated by messenger

59 Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1PRF) is used in various systems to expr

60 Recently, we described an unusual -2 frameshifting (-2 PRF) signal directing efficient expres

61 equently coincided with an enhancement of +1 frameshifting (3-47-fold) suggesting that Glu(89) can in

62 e diagnostic for +1 programmed translational frameshifting, a phenomenon disparately reported through

63 However, in programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting, a specific subversion of frame maintenanc

64 Nonstop stimulation of frameshifting also occurred when the C-chord was replace

65 we show that the induction of translational frameshifting also occurs under stressful conditions.

66 mechanism behind suppressor tRNA-induced +1 frameshifting and advance our understanding of the role

67 from the lineage earlier both do not employ frameshifting and have a different complement of tRNAs p

68 nfluenza A virus shift site, triggers the +1 frameshifting and is enhanced by the increased propensit

69 non-slipped conformation, thereby preventing frameshifting and potentially enhancing DinB activity on

70 ctivity, stimulating programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting and promoting virus propagation defects.

71 tential link between -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting and response of a pseudoknot (PK) RNA to f

72 Frameshifting and splice site mutations were common, fou

73 owed evidence of co-operative stimulation of frameshifting and the existence of multiple ribosome bin

74 which viruses use both programmed ribosomal frameshifting and translational attenuation to control t

75 nconventional initiation, but also ribosomal frameshifting and/or imperfect repeat DNA replication, e

76 unteracted by TraR antiactivation, ribosomal frameshifting, and FseA antiactivation.

77 reased leaky scanning through AUG codons, +1 frameshifting, and nonsense suppression.

78 Thus, as is also the case for ribosomal frameshifting, antiviral therapies targeting readthrough

79 ns suggest that small-molecule inhibitors of frameshifting are likely to have potential as agents for

80 e unfolding studies by optical tweezers, and frameshifting assays to elucidate how mechanical stabili

81 expression results from incidental ribosomal frameshifting at a sequence element within the HSV thymi

82 codon restriction to AUG and in restricting frameshifting at tandem ANN codons.

83 al antizyme requires programmed +1 ribosomal frameshifting at the 3' end of the first of two partiall

84 mutants in Salmonella enterica suggest that frameshifting at the end of pheL does not influence expr

85 is intrinsically susceptible to -1 ribosomal frameshifting at the sequence C-AAA-AAA.

86 provides parallels with programmed ribosomal frameshifting at the translation level.

87 Here we examined frameshifting at the U6A slippery sequence of the HIV ga

88 Ketolides promote frameshifting at the uORF, allowing the translating ribo

89 ng support for the functional utilization of frameshifting at these sequences.

90 The efficiency of antisense-induced frameshifting at this site is responsive to the sequence

91 lippery sequence have also shown activity in frameshifting, at least in vitro.

92 Our results contradict a model of frameshifting based on structural rigidity and resistanc

93 s generated through programmed translational frameshifting, but the need for both forms is unclear.

94 t the genomic secondary structure attenuates frameshifting by affecting the overall rate of translati

95 All substitutions led to reduced -1 frameshifting by HIV-1 RT (2-40-fold).

96 ngle-base deletions at nucleotide runs or -1 frameshifting by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HI

97 We investigated the role of Glu(89) in frameshifting by perturbing this interaction.

98 f their key role in the control of ribosomal frameshifting by viral RNAs.

99 f studies using cell-free systems, ribosomal frameshifting can explain this ability to express TK.

100 dons before or after the G string argue that frameshifting can initiate within the first six guanines

101 tion of novel frameshift proteins, ribosomal frameshifting, coding sequence detection and the applica

102 ons of the structure with available in vitro frameshifting data for PLRV pseudoknot mutants implicate

103 novel missense mutation, R110W; and a novel frameshifting deletion, I298fsX307 in four families.

104 e consisted of three nonsense mutations, six frameshifting deletions, two frameshifting insertions, o

105 ity to force supports the hypothesis that -1 frameshifting depends on the difficulty of unfolding the

106 The degree of frameshifting depends on the nature of the sequence bein

107 The newly identified frameshifting determinants provide potential antiviral t

108 ms a similar task, although more slowly, for frameshifting DNA-protein alignments.

109 ormational plasticity of the high-efficiency frameshifting double mutant of the 26 nt potato leaf rol

110 n unusually high level, 15%, of +1 ribosomal frameshifting due to features of the nascent peptide seq

111 pes related to eEF2 function (i.e. increased frameshifting during protein translation and hypersensit

112 1) has an absolute requirement for ribosomal frameshifting during protein translation in order to pro

113 fication is essential for eEF2 to prevent -1 frameshifting during translation and show that the Gly(7

114 pairing at the ribosome A-site, and prevents frameshifting during translation.

115 ull-length TK polypeptide produced by net -1 frameshifting during translation.

116 al properties of a panel of pseudoknots with frameshifting efficiencies ranging from 2% to 30%: four

117 ng from 50 to 22 picoNewtons correlated with frameshifting efficiencies ranging from 53% to 0%.

118 tations were designed to generate a range of frameshifting efficiencies, yet with minimal impact on e

119 eted in this region exhibit nearly wild-type frameshifting efficiencies.

120 The biological significance of frameshifting efficiency and how the relative ratios of

121 nants of pseudoknot mechanical stability and frameshifting efficiency are not well understood.

122 ferent sites, but the factors that determine frameshifting efficiency are not yet fully understood.

123 mechanical stability of a pseudoknot and its frameshifting efficiency are regulated by tertiary stem-

124 Thus, +1 frameshifting efficiency at AGG_AGG and AGA_AGA is influ

125 interest in determining the extent to which frameshifting efficiency can be modulated before virus r

126 As a result, the frameshifting efficiency increases from 0 to 70% (one of

127 nt HIV strains to demonstrate that in cells, frameshifting efficiency is correlated with the stabilit

128 The in vitro frameshifting efficiency is decreased >or=8-fold upon su

129 Previous work has suggested that frameshifting efficiency is related to the resistance of

130 derstanding of the molecular determinants of frameshifting efficiency may facilitate the development

131 nt mutations leading to a 3-fold decrease in frameshifting efficiency noticeably reduce virus replica

132 general translation, but also may alter the frameshifting efficiency of ribosomes, an event central

133 y resistant to mutation, modulation of HIV-1 frameshifting efficiency potentially represents an impor

134 hese findings explain the unexpected drop in frameshifting efficiency to null levels of the C8U mutan

135 However, frameshifting efficiency was altered by stop codons down

136 However, increased frameshifting efficiency was correlated with an increase

137 ity is identified as a determining factor in frameshifting efficiency.

138 al unfolding is not a primary determinant of frameshifting efficiency.

139 the transition state) could be correlated to frameshifting efficiency.

140 d peptidyltransferase activity and increased frameshifting efficiency.

141 ength of a stem-loop linker as modulators of frameshifting efficiency.

142 The frameshifting elements comprise both a ribosomal slipper

143 Specifically, csoS2 was found to possess -1 frameshifting elements that lead to the production of th

144 Ribosomal frameshifting entails slippage of the translational mach

145 s the codon recognition patterns and reduces frameshifting errors during translation.

146 with the hypothesis of optimization against frameshifting errors in translation.

147 out the relationship between codon usage and frameshifting errors, an important form of processivity

148 f codon usage indicates optimization against frameshifting errors.

149 e feedback system in which the translational frameshifting event may be viewed in engineering terms a

150 lphavirus genomes suggested that a ribosomal frameshifting event occurs during translation of the alp

151 BUD22 affected the +1 translational frameshifting event required to express the Pol proteins

152 Correct annotation of a programmed frameshifting event requires manual evaluation.

153 ribe a novel, antibiotic-dependent ribosomal frameshifting event that activates translation of an ant

154 genes whose mRNAs are subjected to multiple frameshifting events, and extend the algorithm to includ

155 gously, a single smaller mRNA product with a frameshifting exclusion of B9D1 exon 4.

156 is supported by the observed reduction in -1 frameshifting for K154A and K154R mutants.

157 Depending on the signal, the frameshifting frequency can vary over a wide range, from

158 Interestingly, the suppression of -1 frameshifting frequently coincided with an enhancement o

159 Frameshifting (FS) indels and nonsense (NS) variants dis

160 However, a frameshifting G insertion at virus passage 7 established

161 protein coding genes and tRNAs suggests that frameshifting has been selected for during the divergenc

162 We find that frameshifting has persisted in two structural genes in b

163 hanistic and conformational framework for -1 frameshifting, highlighting multiple kinetic branchpoint

164 Here we show that frameshifting in a model RNA virus, encephalomyocarditis

165 diverse and extensive usage of translational frameshifting in animal mitochondrial coding sequences.

166 the chromosome in stringent cells gave 0.9% frameshifting in contrast to two- to four-times-higher v

167 P- and A-sites toward promoting efficient +1 frameshifting in Escherichia coli.

168 ve investigated the history of programmed +1 frameshifting in fungi.

169 association with other cis elements, promote frameshifting in human mitoribosomes.

170 To investigate frameshifting in infected cells, we constructed viruses

171 the sole documented example of programmed -1 frameshifting in mammalian cellular genes.

172 rus virulence protein generated by ribosomal frameshifting in segment 3 of influenza virus coding for

173 ormatics approach to finding new cases of -1 frameshifting in the expression of human genes revealed

174 Programmed frameshifting in the RF2 gene (prfB) involves an intrage

175 oknot structures in messenger RNAs stimulate frameshifting in upstream slippery sequences.

176 structure is sufficient to promote efficient frameshifting in vitro.

177 a novel GFP-based method to monitor antizyme frameshifting in vivo, we show that the induction of tra

178 identified promoted significant levels of +1 frameshifting in vivo.

179 human homolog of copA, and direct ribosomal frameshifting in vivo.

180 We also show that although the first frameshifting indel in a gene causes loss of function, t

181 function, there is a tendency for the second frameshifting indel to compensate and restore protein fu

182 The percentage of human frameshifting indels predicted to be gene-damaging is ne

183 created SIFT Indel, a prediction method for frameshifting indels that has 84% accuracy.

184 Most pseudogenes are formed by small frameshifting indels, but because stop codons are A + T-

185 Each human has approximately 50 to 280 frameshifting indels, yet their implications are unknown

186 mutations, six frameshifting deletions, two frameshifting insertions, one missense (Leu348Arg) mutat

187 Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting is a mechanism of gene expression, whereby

188 Programmed ribosomal -1 frameshifting is a non-standard decoding process occurri

189 Programmed translational frameshifting is a ubiquitous but rare mechanism of gene

190 The high efficiency of frameshifting is achieved by the combined stimulatory ac

191 ere we show that the the trans-activation of frameshifting is carried out by a protein complex compos

192 finding of incidental, rather than utilized, frameshifting is cautionary for other studies of program

193 Such programmed frameshifting is commonly utilized as a gene expression

194 s, the efficiency of programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting is critical for ensuring the proper ratios

195 Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting is employed in the expression of a number

196 the mechanistic hypothesis that -1 ribosomal frameshifting is enhanced by torsional resistance of the

197 Because ribosomal frameshifting is essential for HIV-1 replication and it

198 Thus, frameshifting is essential for viral replication.

199 In RSV, frameshifting is essential in the production of the Gag-

200 Frameshifting is induced by mRNA secondary structures th

201 The detailed biophysical mechanism by which frameshifting is induced remains unknown.

202 Together with dynamic codon redefinition, frameshifting is one of the forms of recoding that enric

203 Frameshifting is promoted by an mRNA signal composed of

204 the level of full-length TK, indicating that frameshifting is strongly stimulated by a new mechanism,

205 polyamine-independent regulation of antizyme frameshifting is suggested.

206 ly, a major distinctive rule of bacterial -1 frameshifting is that the most efficient motifs are thos

207 Ribosomal frameshifting is utilized for the synthesis of additiona

208 In contrast, a 3-fold stimulation of frameshifting is well tolerated.

209 Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting is widely used in the expression of RNA vi

210 ppage site, which is important for ribosomal frameshifting, is shown here to limit reverse transcript

211 ested whether pseudoknots bound with an anti-frameshifting ligand exhibited a similar correlation bet

212 We show that frameshifting may also be deliberately induced by chemic

213 Moreover, protein-induced transactivation of frameshifting may be a widely used mechanism, potentiall

214 These results suggest that suppression of frameshifting may be needed in the absence of an active

215 s expressed via a novel programmed ribosomal frameshifting mechanism.

216 eriments may be a significant feature of the frameshifting mechanism.

217 These compounds are able to enhance frameshifting more than 50% in a dual-luciferase assay i

218 The frameshifting mRNA (FSmRNA) contained the frameshifting

219 d the crystal structure of a high-efficiency frameshifting mutant of the pseudoknot from potato leaf

220 igation of an apparent correlation between a frameshifting mutation in the canonical first exon of NO

221 Such frameshifting normally occurs at a set ratio and is util

222 A basal level of frameshifting occurring in the absence of the RSE increa

223 -1 frameshifting occurs on Escherichia coli's dnaX mRNA con

224 Mutational studies indicated that frameshifting occurs on or near the C-chord, a region la

225 Ribosomal frameshifting occurs when a ribosome slips a few nucleot

226 One class of regulatory frameshifting of stable chromosomal genes governs cellul

227 rior to extrusion of the target cytosine and frameshifting of the DNA recognition sequence.

228 sue of polyglutamine diseases as a result of frameshifting of the primary polyglutamine-encoding (CAG

229 an mRNA secondary structure that promotes -1 frameshifting on a homopolymeric slippery sequence.

230 ht function as trans-acting switches to turn frameshifting on or off in response to cellular conditio

231 inker and adjacent minor groove loop abolish frameshifting only with the latter.

232 vely as a Gag-Pol fusion either by ribosomal frameshifting or by read-through of the gag stop codon.

233 c RNA viruses and retroviruses use ribosomal frameshifting or stop codon readthrough to regulate expr

234 By examining -1 and -2 frameshifting outcomes on mRNAs with varying slippery se

235 a novel viral protein expressed by ribosomal frameshifting, PA-X, was found to play a major role in i

236 RNA viruses for translational readthrough or frameshifting past termination codons for the synthesis

237 attenuator element does not actually affect frameshifting per se but rather serves to limit the frac

238 Frameshifting permits expression of more than one polype

239 us (SARS-CoV) employ programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) for their protein expression.

240 Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is a distinctive mode of gene expres

241 Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is a process by which ribosomes prod

242 ational control through programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is exploited widely by viruses and i

243 tivating a unique -2/-1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) signal for the expression of framesh

244 In +1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF), ribosomes skip one nucleotide towar

245 Here, we reveal hidden aspects of the frameshifting process, including its exact location on t

246 us pseudoknot reveals an intermediate of the frameshifting process.

247 Programmed ribosomal frameshifting produces alternative proteins from a singl

248 eshifting (PRF) signal for the expression of frameshifting products.

249 Programmed ribosomal frameshifting provides a mechanism to decode information

250 Here we describe the unfolding of the frameshifting pseudoknot from infectious bronchitis viru

251 chanical unfolding and refolding of the four frameshifting pseudoknots.

252 le Mig-7 mRNA secondary structures may cause frameshifting, read-through, and/or recoding of the mult

253 Programmed frameshifting (recoding) to generate multiple proteins f

254 crobe, Chamanian et al. (2013) show that the frameshifting region in the HIV-1 genome influences the

255 r virus maintenance, programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting, resistance/hypersensitivity to the transl

256 nd-slip model of frameshifting, we developed Frameshifting Robustness Score (FRS).

257 ely 1.9 s(-1) for the release factor 2 (RF2) frameshifting sequence.

258 Similar observations for a frameshifting signal indicate that this novel equilibriu

259 The ribosomal frameshifting signal of the mouse embryonal carcinoma di

260 Frameshifting signals comprise a heptanucleotide slipper

261 he frameshifting mRNA (FSmRNA) contained the frameshifting signals: a Shine-Dalgarno sequence, a slip

262 erichia coli dnaX gene, which contains three frameshifting signals: a slippery sequence (A AAA AAG),

263 Frameshifting sites could be identified for most phages

264 uggesting no functional significance for the frameshifting sites.

265 corporation that paralleled reductions in -1 frameshifting, suggesting a common structural mechanism

266 These results indicate that frameshifting takes place during the repetitive ribosoma

267 ibosomes translating copA undergo programmed frameshifting, terminate translation in the -1 frame, an

268 One facet of this is frameshifting that often results in synthesis of a C-ter

269 Furthermore, frameshifting the gene in the first coding exon with a s

270 he over-reading of stop codons via ribosomal frameshifting, the existence of an antizyme and an antiz

271 r translation regulation, such as programmed frameshifting, the modulation of protein expression leve

272 In many cases of productively utilized frameshifting, the proportion of ribosomes that frameshi

273 lu(89) and Lys(154), which may facilitate -1 frameshifting; this concept is supported by the observed

274 Many viruses use programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting to express defined ratios of structural an

275 highly efficient +1/-2 programmed ribosomal frameshifting to generate previously undescribed alterna

276 In addition to confirming that clustered -1 frameshifting variants in DVL1 and DVL3 are the main con

277 The efficiency of frameshifting varies widely for different sites, but the

278 The genomic organizations of many other frameshifting viruses, including the coronaviruses, are

279 Because frameshifting was also prevalent in a polyamine auxotrop

280 tingly, during starvation, the initiation of frameshifting was independent of polyamine concentration

281 Moreover, +1 frameshifting was not suppressed by tmRNA.SmpB activity,

282 tory RNA spacing distances, we found that -2 frameshifting was optimal at a spacer length 1-2 nucleot

283 in vitro RNA dimerization was abolished, and frameshifting was reduced from 15 to 5.7%.

284 The efficiency of frameshifting was relatively high, 3-5%, as the polypept

285 e -1 PRF strongly promote this activity, but frameshifting was significantly more efficient upon incl

286 sites and to help elucidate the mechanism of frameshifting, we determined eight new complete or nearl

287 controlling the extent of -1-type ribosomal frameshifting, we determined the crystal structure of a

288 he recently proposed pause-and-slip model of frameshifting, we developed Frameshifting Robustness Sco

289 e role of SD-ASD pairing in the mechanism of frameshifting, we have analysed the effect of spacing be

290 es that trigger genuine programmed ribosomal frameshifting; we have experimentally confirmed four new

291 specific Abs, and the site and direction of frameshifting were determined via mass spectrometric ana

292 these RNA structures to induce +1 ribosomal frameshifting when annealed downstream of the frameshift

293 ed in their native context showed 1.5 to 11% frameshifting when expressed from multicopy plasmids.

294 ple; the sequence CUU-AGG-C causes about 40% frameshifting when inserted into an mRNA in the yeast Sa

295 Programmed -1 frameshifting, whereby the reading frame of a ribosome o

296 We propose that mRNA tension is central to frameshifting, whether promoted by stem-loop, pseudoknot

297 ippage is the driving force for +1 ribosomal frameshifting while the presence of a 'hungry codon' in

298 nucleotides shorter than that optimal for -1 frameshifting with all stimulatory RNAs tested.

299 gnal and found high levels of both -1 and -2 frameshifting with stem-loop, pseudoknot or antisense ol

300 tem, hypomodification increased Phe-specific frameshifting, with incremental changes in frameshift ef

301 t the nascent peptide level to stimulate the frameshifting, without involving stalling detectable by