ライフサイエンスコーパス: free electron

1 EPR spectrum that suggests the presence of a free electron.

2 ates and the internal rotational dynamics of free electrons.

3 ce plasmon resonance in Au329(SR)84 with 245 free electrons.

4 omething that is forbidden in the absence of free electrons.

5 rfaces because of coupling between light and free electrons.

6 he known propensity of the liquid to solvate free electrons.

7 ng mechanism for the generation of energetic free electrons.

8 these nanocrystals using the Drude model for free electrons, a correlation between surface segregatio

9 ulate the electron wavefunction, which gives free electrons an additional unbounded quantized magneti

10 ic asymmetry is very small, and signals from free electrons and CX(3)(-) ions are barely detectable,

11 relies on the dissociation of excitons into free electrons and holes at donor/acceptor heterointerfa

12 s tightly bound excitons that are split into free electrons and holes using heterojunctions of electr

13 sizable fraction of the transformation, with free electrons and/or argon ions proposed to account for

14 Free electrons are induced by the displacement of the ox

15 atoms into diatomic molecule-like dimers and free-electron bands of one-dimensional wires and two-dim

16 ms as well as time-resolved experiments with free-electron beams.

17 e (that is, the integrated column density of free electrons between source and telescope) and sky pos

18 efficient multiphoton absorption to produce free electrons but once this process saturates, linear a

19 contrast to electron transfer, capture of a free electron by the peptide ions mainly induced radical

20 n-capture coefficients, the concentration of free electrons can be found at different temperatures by

21 or molecules for the effective tuning of the free electron concentration in quasi-2D ZnO transistor c

22 red region resulting from an increase in the free electrons concentration.

23 Current models for the free electron content in the universe imply that the bur

24 ced nanometres apart, their optically driven free electrons couple electrically across the gap.

25 the effective control of localized transient free electron densities by temporally shaping the fs pul

26 ontrol the balance between negative ions and free electron densities.

27 However, the free electron density and work function decrease as the

28 is very sensitive to changes in the surface free electron density, a property that is unique to the

29 iconducting graphene nanoribbons do not have free electrons due to their large bandgaps, and thus the

30 The experimental results are compared to free-electron final-state model calculations and to more

31 bles one to directly monitor the dynamics of free electron formation during the dissociation of inter

32 Here we report the diffraction of free electrons from a standing light wave-a realization

33 We demonstrate that free electrons from distinct 2D dopant layers coalesce i

34 alyzed quantitatively in terms of the simple free electron gas model for the sensor surface and the R

35 n the bonding by hybridizing with the nearly free electron gas to form 1D superatomic orbitals increa

36 hose behavior can be very different from the free electron gas, the Hall effect's sensitivity to inte

37 dynamics is in contrast to the physics of a free electron gas.

38 While plasmas containing free electrons have been brought into contact with liqui

39 light effective mass (~0.052m0; m0, mass of free electron), high quantum mobility (1280 cm(2)V(-1)S(

40 igh binding energy hinders the generation of free electron-hole pairs.

41 ion has the potential to create radicals and free electrons; however, this process is largely unexplo

42 ess of Au(333)(SR)(79), albeit the number of free electrons (i.e., 333 - 79 = 254) is also consistent

43 in energy than the ground-state flavin and a free electron in the gas phase.

44 ows almost identical electronic states to 32 free electrons in a jellium box.

45 Free electrons in a noble metal nanoparticle can be reso

46 dically different from that characterized by free electrons in conventional metals.

47 reduction of the photoexcited sensitizer by free electrons in ITO.

48 mission of surface plasmons (oscillations of free electrons in metallic nanostructures) in resonating

49 Fermi surface defines the properties of the free electrons in metals and semiconductors, the geometr

50 es in which photons are coupled to the quasi-free electrons in metals.

51 the superlattice mini-bands in concert with free electrons in the Dirac bands produce two additive c

52 electromagnetic wave that is coupled to the free electrons in the metal.

53 t of the fluorophore dipole interacting with free electrons in the metal.

54 It is illustrated using medium-energy free-electron injection to generate highly-directional v

55 value for the SHE of 4.2 +/- 0.4 V versus a free electron is obtained.

56 a are further ionized by collisions with the free electrons is a fundamental parameter that dictates

57 yttrium aluminum garnet laser (2.12 microm), free electron laser (2.1 microm), alexandrite laser (750

58 rvals of conventional lasers, the Vanderbilt free electron laser (FEL) can be set at wavelengths rang

59 rt X-ray source such as an externally seeded free electron laser (FEL).

60 carried out at the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) facility in Japan.

61 microscopy, in combination with an infrared free electron laser (SNOM-IR-FEL), is able to distinguis

62 Here, we report an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) crystal structure of the rhod

63 Here we use femtosecond X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) pulses to obtain structural m

64 the use of femtosecond pulses from an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) to obtain damage-free, room t

65 btained by Coulomb explosion imaging using a free electron laser and furthermore yielded He2's bindin

66 spectrometer coupled to an infrared-tunable free electron laser and its IRMPD spectrum recorded.

67 dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy using the free electron laser FELIX.

68 radiated by the tunable infrared output of a free electron laser in the 800-1600 cm(-1) range.

69 This technique, performed using a free electron laser or ultrabright synchrotron source, p

70 each generated by a femtosecond-level x-ray free electron laser pulse, can be successfully phased an

71 ia infrared multiphoton dissociation using a free electron laser scanned over the mid-IR wavelengths.

72 uired at a high acquisition rate using x-ray free electron laser sources to overcome radiation damage

73 With recent advances in free electron laser technology, X-rays with small enough

74 We ablated porcine corneas with a free electron laser tuned to either 2.77 or 6.45 microm,

75 robe before destroy" approach using an X-ray free electron laser works even for the highly-sensitive

76 50 fs) 9 keV X-ray pulses from a hard X-ray free electron laser, namely the Linac Coherent Light Sou

77 le-photon infrared dissociation by the FELIX free electron laser, the Ba2+ complex of Trp has been sh

78 rimental diffraction snapshots from an X-ray free electron laser, we determine the three-dimensional

79 eneration with the introduction of the X-ray free electron laser, which can be used to solve the stru

80 storage, and characterize them with an X-ray-free electron laser.

81 individual gold nanocrystal, using an X-ray free electron laser.

82 ity was validated by experiments in an X-ray free electron laser.

83 d under functional conditions using an X-ray free electron laser.

84 ontaneous-emission output from the Duke OK-4 free electron laser.

85 tion (IR-REMPD) spectroscopy using a tunable free electron laser.

86 ystallography from microcrystals at an X-ray free electron laser.

87 nd X-ray crystallography (SFX) with an X-ray free electron laser.

88 y a few dedicated large-scale synchrotron or free-electron laser (FEL) facilities.

89 aser-based accelerating schemes, the inverse free-electron laser (IFEL) enjoys unique advantages.

90 The X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) allows the analysis of small

91 otron crystallography and fixed-target X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) crystallography.

92 X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) sources enable the use of cry

93 osecond crystallography (SFX) using an x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) to obtain high-resolution str

94 We used an x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) with individual 50-femtosecon

95 tion of near-field microscopy with a tunable free-electron laser allows us to address precisely the p

96 X-ray single-shot diffraction with an X-ray free-electron laser and coherent diffraction imaging wit

97 pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source free-electron laser and compare it with theoretical mode

98 l cross-correlator for synchrotron and X-ray free-electron laser applications.

99 cisional wound repair after surgery with the free-electron laser at 6.1 microm and the scalpel.

100 n whole Bt cells were streamed into an X-ray free-electron laser beam we found that scattering from o

101 demonstrate that one-kilowatt pulses from a free-electron laser can power a pulsed EPR spectrometer

102 A free-electron laser consists of an electron beam propaga

103 cond timescale from noisy experimental X-ray free-electron laser data recorded with 300-femtosecond t

104 poral coherence of this new two-colour X-ray free-electron laser enable an entirely new set of scient

105 New capabilities at X-ray free-electron laser facilities allow the generation of t

106 ll-optical synchronization at the soft X-ray free-electron laser FLASH and demonstrate facility-wide

107 Self-amplified spontaneous emission in a free-electron laser has been proposed for the generation

108 The X-ray free-electron laser has opened a new era for photon scie

109 small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering, free-electron laser imaging, cryo-electron microscopy, n

110 Free-electron laser incisions contained more macrophages

111 ions had more dense collagen deposition than free-electron laser incisions up to 36 d postinjury, but

112 at days 2 and 7 postinjury, suggesting that free-electron laser irradiation exacerbated the inflamma

113 A high-gain harmonic-generation free-electron laser is demonstrated.

114 ing synchrotron radiation and the soft X-ray free-electron laser LCLS provide direct evidence for thi

115 operties of an extreme ultraviolet high gain free-electron laser operated with crossed polarized undu

116 .6 micrometers produced saturated, amplified free-electron laser output at the second-harmonic wavele

117 f fresh crystals across the beam of an X-ray free-electron laser over the course of an experiment.

118 synchronization is limited primarily by the free-electron laser pulse duration, and should naturally

119 optical lasers, to better than the delivered free-electron laser pulse duration, are needed.

120 th a relaxation time comparable to the SACLA free-electron laser pulse repetition rate.

121 aceted nanocrystals, each struck by an X-ray free-electron laser pulse.

122 e-angle scattering of femtosecond soft X-ray free-electron laser pulses allows three-dimensional char

123 Here, we used ultrashort x-ray free-electron laser pulses to image charge rearrangement

124 als at ~5.5 nm resolution using ~10 fs X-ray free-electron laser pulses.

125 We measured the coherence properties of the free-electron laser SACLA on a single shot basis at an X

126 g up new routes in ultrafast nanophysics and free-electron laser science.

127 a designed tool ligand TC114, using an X-ray free-electron laser source at 2.9 A.

128 ability of using diffuse X-ray scattering at free-electron laser sources for studying the dynamics of

129 bining serial nanocrystallography with x-ray free-electron laser sources in the future, it may be pos

130 X-ray crystallography at X-ray free-electron laser sources is a powerful method for stu

131 emtosecond crystallography (SFX) using X-ray free-electron laser sources is an emerging method with c

132 , a recent experiment at a femtosecond X-ray free-electron laser suggests sub-100 fs isomerization.

133 We combined a pulsed magnet with an x-ray free-electron laser to characterize the CDW in YBa2Cu3O6

134 tic resonant inelastic X-ray scattering at a free-electron laser to directly determine the magnetic d

135 exploit the ultrashort pulse duration of the free-electron laser to eject two core electrons on a tim

136 Our approach uses a laser-seeded free-electron laser to produce amplified, longitudinally

137 rial femtosecond crystallography at an x-ray free-electron laser to resolve the ultrafast structural

138 In our experiments, we use a free-electron laser to stimulate and observe photon echo

139 Porcine corneas were ablated with a free-electron laser tuned to 2.77 or 6.45 microm-wavelen

140 ntense narrowband radiation from an infrared free-electron laser tuned to the 2-THz Josephson plasma

141 ncisions showed higher tensile strength than free-electron laser wounds from days 10 to 22 postwoundi

142 ties at days 15 and 37 after injury, whereas free-electron laser wounds showed greater luciferase act

143 e using ultrafast x-ray pulses from an x-ray free-electron laser, determining that the Fe-S(Met) bond

144 termined with diffraction data from an X-ray free-electron laser, leading to an atomic-resolution str

145 single gold nanocrystal by means of an x-ray free-electron laser, providing insights into the physics

146 interacting with intense X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser, revealing the influence of processe

147 has begun with the start-up of a hard-X-ray free-electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LC

148 Compared with serial data we collected at a free-electron laser, the synchrotron data are of slightl

149 Using an X-ray free-electron laser, we performed picosecond time-resolv

150 rial femtosecond crystallography at an X-ray free-electron laser, we successfully determined the room

151 al femtosecond crystallography with an X-ray free-electron laser.

152 lved wide-angle X-ray scattering at an X-ray free-electron laser.

153 pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source free-electron laser.

154 ertial-confinement timescales using an X-ray free-electron laser.

155 photo-ionization using pulses from an X-ray free-electron laser.

156 ward the development of an operational x-ray free-electron laser.

157 rial-femtosecond crystallography at an X-ray free-electron laser.

158 med at the Linac Coherent Light Source X-ray free-electron laser.

159 tuation may be remedied by novel femtosecond free electron-laser protein crystallography techniques.

160 e dynamics of polystyrene spheres in intense free-electron-laser pulses, and observe an explosion occ

161 rial femtosecond crystallography is an X-ray free-electron-laser-based method with considerable poten

162 Our results demonstrate how free-electron-laser-based ultrafast X-ray scattering can

163 ense extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from a free-electron-laser.

164 X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FELs) can produce extremely intens

165 X-ray-free electron lasers (X-ray FELs) have enabled collectio

166 ecular structure determination at both X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) and, more recently, synchro

167 The advent of hard x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) capable of producing ultraf

168 llography using ultrashort pulses from x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) enables studies of the ligh

169 The advent of X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) is opening the ability to r

170 The recent advent of hard x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) opens new areas of science

171 X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) reduce the effects of radia

172 There is considerable potential for X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) to enable determination of

173 Hard X-ray free electron lasers allow for the first time to access

174 The new generation of X-ray free electron lasers capable of generating intense X-ray

175 continue with the impending arrival of x-ray-free electron lasers driven by electron accelerators.

176 ast generation X-ray synchrotron sources and free electron lasers enabled data collection with microm

177 ortunities for designs of the light sources, free electron lasers, and high energy colliders based on

178 on superconductor Josephson junctions (JJ), free electron lasers, and quantum cascades require cryog

179 -ray sources, such as synchrotrons and x-ray free electron lasers, are becoming ever brighter and mak

180 otential to have a transformative impact for free electron lasers, linear colliders, ultrafast electr

181 With the prospects of the x-ray free electron lasers, this approach could provide a majo

182 surements of biomolecular structure at X-ray-free electron lasers.

183 utron diffraction studies, and datasets from free electron lasers.

184 ining single-particle diffraction with x-ray free electron lasers.

185 X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) provide extremely intense pu

186 tense femtosecond-duration pulses from X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) can outrun most damage proc

187 X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) combined with coherent diff

188 The advent of hard x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has opened up a variety of

189 od for serial X-ray crystallography at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), which allows for full use

190 for protein structure determination at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs).

191 Recent advances in X-ray free-electron lasers allow capturing of the diffraction

192 Diffractive imaging with free-electron lasers allows structure determination from

193 Narrow-band THz radiation can be produced by free-electron lasers and fast diodes.

194 gy would open the prospect of building X-ray free-electron lasers and linear colliders hundreds of ti

195 femtosecond crystallography utilizing X-ray free-electron lasers and nanocrystals to obtain initial

196 for applications such as driving soft X-ray free-electron lasers and producing gamma-rays by inverse

197 Both free-electron lasers and the quasi-optical technology de

198 n tuneable high-power light sources, such as free-electron lasers and vacuum tubes, rely on bunching

199 Free-electron lasers are unique sources of intense and u

200 port the time-resolved measurements of X-ray free-electron lasers by using an X-band radiofrequency t

201 fast coherent diffractive imaging with X-ray free-electron lasers can probe structures at the relevan

202 Intense, femtosecond X-ray pulses from X-ray free-electron lasers enable single-shot imaging allowing

203 X-ray free-electron lasers enable the investigation of the str

204 action-before-destruction" approach of x-ray free-electron lasers from hundreds of thousands of indiv

205 Mid-infrared free-electron lasers have proven adept in surgical appli

206 The introduction of X-ray free-electron lasers makes it possible to pump new atomi

207 Free-electron lasers now have the ability to collect X-r

208 mely intense and ultrafast X-ray pulses from free-electron lasers offer unique opportunities to study

209 t femtosecond X-ray pulses provided by X-ray free-electron lasers open capabilities for studying the

210 Free-electron lasers providing ultra-short high-brightne

211 hot coherent diffractive imaging using X-ray free-electron lasers pulses.

212 Many advanced applications of X-ray free-electron lasers require pulse durations and time re

213 f biological objects-an application of X-ray free-electron lasers that greatly enhances our ability t

214 Free-electron lasers with higher average power and short

215 hrotron capabilities and the advent of X-ray free-electron lasers(4,5).

216 synchrotron radiation sources, such as X-ray free-electron lasers, energy recovery linacs, and ultra-

217 In X-ray free-electron lasers, for example, the uncertainty--the

218 Owing to the inherent fluctuations in free-electron lasers, this mandates a full characterizat

219 X-ray free-electron lasers, with pulse durations ranging from

220 m at synchrotron radiation sources and X-ray free-electron lasers.

221 herence by comparison with present-day X-ray free-electron lasers.

222 inent justification for development of X-ray free-electron lasers.

223 r protein crystal data collection with X-ray free-electron lasers.

224 processes with pulsed sources, such as X-ray free-electron lasers.

225 ature of light generated by short-wavelength free-electron lasers.

226 the advent of higher brilliance sources and free-electron-lasers, Bragg Coherent X-ray Diffraction I

227 ead-an obstacle for key applications such as free-electron-lasers.

228 effective mass, and density of states of the free electron-like band.

229 n lifetimes between photoelectrons born into free electron-like states and those excited into unoccup

230 The observation of free-electron-like bands, distributed in momentum space

231 systems, this allows us to observe coherent, free-electron-like charge transport properties, includin

232 traction, and invalidate previously employed free-electron-like models.

233 ron phase coherence length decreases and the free-electron-like surface state gradually diminishes wh

234 (r) considers all virtual orbitals below the free electron limit and is determined on the molecular i

235 ded for its various realizations: atomic and free-electron masers require vacuum chambers and pumping

236 g a reduced A exciton mass of 0.16 times the free electron mass).

237 articles with effective masses replacing the free electron mass, has been astonishingly successful.

238 exciton mass is small--even smaller than the free electron mass--exciton BEC should occur at temperat

239 h, but they should be considered to have the free-electron mass at much larger wavenumbers.

240 iour (m( *) = 0.04 - 0.05m0, where m0 is the free-electron mass).

241 tral transition metal and surrounding nearly free electron metal atoms.

242 transition from a high reflectivity, nearly free-electron metal to a low-reflectivity, poor metal in

243 osing based on calculations using a confined free electron model.

244 We fit the reflectance using a Drude free-electron model to determine the plasma frequency of

245 As predicted by the simple free-electron model, the square of the zero-momentum pla

246 previously reported measurements, using the free-electron model.

247 s, taking place in Ga-rich samples, produces free electrons (n-type doping).

248 For a normal distribution of free-electron nanoparticles, and within the simple nonlo

249 zed near the surface that originate from the free electrons of the metal.

250 veraged, r(-6) weighted distance between the free electron on the unique nitroxide and 30 to 60 amide

251 a metal is distinctly different from that of free electrons owing to their interactions with the crys

252 All three classes of compounds have a free electron pair near Arg364, a residue that if mutate

253 The electron transfer produces Na+ ions and free electrons, parent negative ions (CH)NO2-), and frag

254 A pronounced deep trapping of free electrons photogenerated from the composite P3HT/PC

255 any of these properties by coupling light to free electrons (plasmons) or phonons (phonon polaritons)

256 , by using a compact laser-driven setup, ion-free electron-positron plasmas with unique characteristi

257 ctrum, the apparent correlation time for the free electron-proton vectors for six PROXYL-labeled prot

258 ysics and technology of light generation via free-electron proximity and impact interactions with nan

259 We find that the free electron signal, which often obscures the vibration

260 s cyanine dyes the compounds to which simple free-electron theory can be applied in the most relevant

261 tron work function to X70 steel brings more "free" electrons to the steel, leading to increased overa

262 Furthermore, insert deletion enhanced CaM-free electron transfer within nNOS and chimeras with the

263 eal monolayer coverage) and direct (mediator-free) electron transfer from PSII to mesoITO.

264 experiments of an optical gating concept for free electrons via direct time-domain visualization of t

265 gnosed using the Linac Coherent light Source free-electron X-ray laser, tuned to specific interaction