ライフサイエンスコーパス: free form

1 r Wolinella succinogenes (novel, glutaminase-free form).

2 DNA binding (delta = 1080 vs 110 GM for the free form).

3 n the lignan macromolecule and slightly in a free form.

4 120% more cholesterol, predominately in the free form.

5 nformational entropy observed in the calcium-free form.

6 and human CFTR in the dephosphorylated, ATP-free form.

7 erates it in the dark, is inactive in cation-free form.

8 ipids, and they are subsequently released in free form.

9 h the inhibitor marimastat and the inhibitor-free form.

10 t stabilizes target Rabs in their nucleotide-free form.

11 d solubility in the high-density lipoprotein-free form.

12 unusually stable peptide-containing beta(2)m-free form.

13 of the hinges are reversed in the nucleotide-free form.

14 poB100-containing lipoproteins but also in a free form.

15 yeast cells in both its Ca2+-bound and Ca2+-free form.

16 n prostate tissues was found to exist in the free form.

17 RNA-paromomycin complex in comparison to its free form.

18 re with HMBA; rather, E2F was present in its free form.

19 on with cellular membranes and in a membrane-free form.

20 late in the lignan macromolecule and/or in a free form.

21 sed on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cell free form.

22 oducing typical amyloid fibrils in its lipid-free form.

23 concentrations, >80% of FXIII-A2 existed in free form.

24 ma approximately 1% of FXIII-A2 should be in free form.

25 associated with PSII supercomplexes or in a free form.

26 geted construct or the therapeutics in their free form.

27 rm and water gives 3 in its uncomplexed, ion-free form.

28 e conformations are present in the substrate-free form.

29 the water/hydroxide ligand in the substrate-free form.

30 0 nm) was observed for both Na(+)-bound and -free forms.

31 ith high specific activities in affinity tag-free forms.

32 erified forms were more stable than were the free forms.

33 elf, at high resolution in DNA-bound and DNA-free forms.

34 may hydrolyze to their potent unconjugated, 'free' forms.

35 cterium Methanocaldococcus jannaschii in its free form (2.2 A resolution) and bound to the S-adenosyl

36 and not significantly changed compared with free form (34.3mmol/L and 387.2mmol/Lmin), respectively,

37 res of CobA are reported here: its substrate-free form, a complex of CobA with MgATP, and a ternary c

38 ) anoxic storage brings about an increase of free forms, a strong decrease in the percentage of bonde

39 L1 loop, disordered in the structure of the free form, adopts a highly specific conformation to form

40 In the free form, all PDKs phosphorylated site 1, and PDK4 had

41 on by NMR, its exchange with the NMR-visible free form allows for its indirect characterization.

42 Taken together, our results suggest that the free form, although different from the bound state, shar

43 NO2-FA were detected in vivo in a free form, although it is assumed that they may also be

44 es it at a rate of 3.0 min(-1) in the ligand-free form and 4.3 min(-1) in the estriol-bound form, des

45 sedimentation coefficients, a 9.6 S megalin-free form and a 21 S megalin-bound form, and that when N

46 New atomic structures of vSET in the free form and a ternary complex with S-adenosyl homocyst

47 oteins can be prepared in an inactive, metal-free form and activated by exogenous Zn(2+).

48 carboxylation reaction, have been solved in free form and bound to its substrate pyruvate, product o

49 The conformations of suramin in its free form and bound to phosphoglycerate kinases from T.

50 1 TAR RNA (taum approximately 18 ns) both in free form and bound to the ligand argininamide (ARG).

51 tures of the C-terminal domain of EB1 in the free form and complexed with a small molecule.

52 tral parameters of the new spin-label in its free form and covalently attached to an amino acid cyste

53 Treatment of platelets with CD increases the free form and enhances vWF binding.

54 that the domain is poorly structured in its free form and folds upon binding to DNA.

55 solution structure of nucleolin RBD12 in its free form and have studied its interaction with a 22 nt

56 of BlaI from Staphylococcus aureus, both in free form and in complex with 32 bp of DNA of the mec op

57 teria Aquifex aeolicus (AaBPL) in its ligand-free form and in complex with biotin and ATP.

58 uctures of MGL from Bacillus sp. H257 in its free form and in complex with different substrate analog

59 e present crystal structures of Hsp47 in its free form and in complex with homotrimeric synthetic col

60 Crystal structures of RalA in the free form and in complex with its effectors, Sec5 and Ex

61 e was crystallographically determined in the free form and in complex with lysozyme.

62 The structure of MecI, also in free form and in complex with the bla operator, has been

63 -II from the fungi Aspergillus fumigatus, in free form and in complex with the inhibitor fructosyl-th

64 integrin-like domains, both in the inhibitor-free form and in complex with the inhibitor marimastat.

65 ture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae KMO, in the free form and in complex with the tight-binding inhibito

66 the crystal structures of human menin in its free form and in complexes with MLL1 or with JUND, or wi

67 DEK is secreted in both a free form and in exosomes, vesicular structures in which

68 howed that (125)I-labeled SAA, both in lipid-free form and in reconstituted HDL particles, functions

69 l structure of human galectin-7 (hGal-7), in free form and in the presence of galactose, galactosamin

70 e solved the x-ray crystal structures of its free form and its complex with the active site inhibitor

71 ructure of the HCN2 channel CNBD in the cAMP-free form and mapped on it the TRIP8b interaction site.

72 apid exchange between Put that exists in the free form and Put found in acid soluble conjugate forms.

73 myces cerevisiae Vps4 in both the nucleotide-free form and the ADP-bound form provide the first struc

74 imilarities between the NMR structure of the free form and the crystal structure of the TGFbeta-bound

75 ng water molecule is misaligned, in both the free form and the inhibitor-bound double mutant.

76 ures of the human CRFR1 ECD, one in a ligand-free form and two in distinct CRF-bound states.

77 synovial macrophages was observed both in a free form and via exosomes.

78 DEK is secreted by synovial macrophages in a free form and via exosomes.

79 nactive and open/active conformations in the free form and when bound to bona fide Py-tract RNA ligan

80 s of P450 2B4 are reported for the substrate-free form and when bound to the substrates, benzphetamin

81 seradish peroxidase (HRP) isoenzyme C in the free form and when ligated to a variety of small organic

82 NAT(L) were solved at 1.95 angstroms (ligand-free form) and 2.75 angstroms (acyl-CoA complex), showin

83 etween the two allosteric forms, T (the Ca2+-free form) and R (the Ca2+-bound form), without affectin

84 depends on the presence of this protein in a free form, and alterations in P123 processing abolish th

85 d the crystal structures of PLCgamma1-SH3 in free form, and bound to a 10-mer peptide containing this

86 of the Cd(2+) H185G enzyme in its substrate-free form, and in complex with PEP, and PEP plus A5P.

87 med by the PGK domains already in its ligand-free form, and substrate binding is not required to enab

88 n that has been shown to kill Aa in its iron-free form (apo) and reduce binding to host cells in its

89 t kinetic folding studies of DBD in its Zn2+-free form (apoDBD) and in the presence of various concen

90 Soft materials featuring both 3D free-form architectures and high stretchability are high

91 nist analogues of somatostatin (SRIF) in the free form are described.

92 ylhexan-1-ol, 3-S-cysteinylhexan-1-ol) whose free forms are responsible for appreciated tropical-like

93 ort the first structure of CRBP1 in a ligand-free form as well as ultra-high resolution structures of

94 high levels of the disaccharide trehalose in free form as well as within various immunologically rele

95 , its structure was solved in the nucleotide-free form, as well as in the presence of product, GDP.

96 ystal structure of this mutant solved in the free form at 1.55 A resolution reveals an inactive confo

97 homodimeric cation-dependent MPR in a ligand-free form at pH 6.5.

98 n complex was 3.8% and 33% higher than their free forms at 0-300 degrees C and 300-600 degrees C rang

99 structure of R.marinus Cel12A in the ligand-free form (at 1.54 angstroms) and structures of RmCel12A

100 locations: at the primary septum, largely in free form, at the mother-bud neck, partially linked to b

101 We found that the free form BoNT/A maintains a pH-independent conformation

102 Here we show that most cytokines are not in free form but appear associated with exosomes that are d

103 transported from the lung to the spleen in a free form but by B cells.

104 tingly, printor selectively binds to the ATP-free form but not to the ATP-bound form of torsinA, supp

105 lled substrate-binding site in the substrate-free form, but oppositely, toward the proposed proton de

106 pproaches give similar models for the ligand-free form, but the ligand-bound models differ for the tw

107 hat are synthesized and secreted in the iron-free form by microorganisms.

108 ivo to release the fused protein moieties in free forms; (c) the synthesis of a protein as a UBQ fusi

109 In their free form, cis-antheraxanthin degraded 30-fold faster wh

110 -bound form and (ii) as a protease in Zn(2+)-free form, commissioning it to perform multiple function

111 rgest conformational change, in its unbound (free) form, correlate with the experimentally observed s

112 Only encapsulated rapamycin, not the free form, could induce immunological tolerance.

113 Ca2+-free forms demonstrated a decrease of 20-30% in length,

114 However, because microelectronic devices use free-form design principles, the insertion point of self

115 nd the nonclassical Ag HLA-F, expressed as a free form devoid of peptide, physically and functionally

116 switch II region stabilising the nucleotide-free form differentiate these pathways.

117 bstrate-bound structures, with the substrate-free form dominating, but with varying displacements of

118 The metal-free form, (DPA-C(2))(2)-TPPS(3) (1), where DPA is dipic

119 r p53 may therefore exist in the folded zinc-free form, especially when tumorigenic mutations are pre

120 We previously showed that free-form essential amino acids acutely stimulate muscle

121 l particles, the Q-bound form, but not the Q-free form, established the NADH-linked respiratory activ

122 For all three proteins, the substrate-free form exhibits a complex spectral pattern which aris

123 tral player is the ATPase Get3, which in its free form exists as a dimer.

124 omputational topology design (CTD) and solid free-form fabrication (SFF) have made it possible to cre

125 After the extraction of the free forms (FB1, FB2), the residue was subjected to an a

126 Compared with free form, fibrinogen-bound IL-1beta stimulated increase

127 affinities of its Ca(2+)-bound versus Ca(2+)-free form for the effector enzyme.

128 Glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit, in its free form (free alpha), is a major placental product.

129 ability of apoA-I to be liberated in a lipid-free form from HDL.

130 action in both native SRI and its transducer free form fSRI by measuring laser flash induced absorpti

131 f stable cell adherent complexes whereas its free form functions as a transcription factor that regul

132 P1 are removed by trypsin, while in the Ca2+-free form, GCAP1 is readily degraded to small fragments.

133 Here, the A-site RNA structure in its free form has been determined using heteronuclear NMR an

134 ain both the wide substrate specificity (the free form has considerable amplitude of motion in this r

135 sensor from canine NCX1, but not the Ca(2+)-free form, has been reported, although the molecular mec

136 bound nitric oxide complex and the substrate-free form have been determined revealing a substrate-fre

137 A new method for a free-form, high-density, material-independent, and high-

138 dented in microbial metabolism and, in their free form, highly toxic to living organisms.

139 The structure of the free form HIV gp120, critical for therapeutic agent deve

140 The exact location of the 'free' form, however, has never been determined.

141 In the free form, HRP assumes two distinct spectroscopic confor

142 amplitude anticorrelated fluctuations in the free form, i.e. the anticodon region and the acceptor ar

143 different from the previously reported P-CAB-free form, illustrating a common conformational change i

144 in chains of elastin, have now been found in free form in human urine.

145 s a potent antioxidant recently found in the free form in olive oil and table olives.

146 er, these compounds could not be detected in free form in protein-containing biological systems, whic

147 is found in both a cell-bound form and cell-free form in the host during an infection.

148 ructure of SpeG from V. cholerae in a ligand-free form in three different conformational states: open

149 ver, we found that the majority of tSC is in free form in trout mucus and free tSC is able to directl

150 the pocket proteins p107 or p130 and in its 'free' form in vitro.

151 eme-binding PAS domain in the ferric, ligand-free form, in comparison to the previously determined cy

152 ctures were determined for GH20C in a ligand-free form, in complex with the N-acetylglucosamine and N

153 on of these oxysterols to the ARPE19 cell in free form indicated that 7kCh is the most cytotoxic of t

154 the biomimetic complexes in the FeCu and Cu-free forms indicates that, in the regime of rapid electr

155 interface have similar orientations in GAIP (free form), indicating that upon binding these residues

156 nd dsRNA in the complex are similar to their free forms, indicating little or no structural change in

157 TS, which is intrinsically disordered in its free form, interacts strongly with PP1 in a highly exten

158 ocytic/endocytic pathways and is exported in free form into the cytosol, becoming available for activ

159 tential for DNA-bound SoxR compared with the free form is thus reconciled based on a high-energy conf

160 conformation of this segment in the peptide-free form is unknown.

161 at Mg2+-bound form of GCAP-1, not its cation-free form, is the true activator of RetGC-1 under physio

162 eity compared to similar practices used with free form L-5-MTHF and FA, respectively.

163 ical metamaterials that not only features 3D free-form lattice architectures but also poses ultrahigh

164 ed in the periplasm, the precise location of free-form Lpp has never been determined.

165 For decades, it has been widely assumed that free-form Lpp is associated with bound-form.

166 Our results indicate that free-form Lpp spans the outer membrane and is surface-ex

167 ere allowed to choose preferred testing in a free-form manner.

168 arotenoids were found to be present in their free form (no carotenoid esters were detected).

169 olled manner and along an ad-hoc arbitrarily free-form, non-rastered path.

170 Intriguingly, the free form NTNHA-A adopts pH-dependent conformational cha

171 t remarkably converts the high-density guest-free form of a well-known organic host (p-tert-butylcali

172 Comparison of the free form of ACPs (NMR structures of fren ACP and the Ba

173 etinol to 9-cis-retinal, suggesting that the free form of all-trans-retinol may be used as a source f

174 IFT27 directly interacts with the nucleotide-free form of ARL6.

175 bound kappaB DNA structures reveals that the free form of both classes approximates ideal B-form DNA

176 The percentage of the free form of BP-3 in urine was used in the determination

177 A significantly lower percentage of the free form of BP-3 was found in urine from the U.S. popul

178 The Ca(2+)-free form of calmodulin (apoCaM) often appears inert, mo

179 The Ca(2+)-free form of CaM (apoCaM) is already pre-associated with

180 of protein synthesis but dependent on a tRNA-free form of eEF1A.

181 release and binds tightly to the nucleotide-free form of exocytic but not endocytic Rab GTPases.

182 inflammation, we used a membrane-bound cell-free form of FasL (mFasL-vesicle preparation (VP)).

183 Therefore, the nucleotide-free form of G proteins has some of the characteristics

184 the activation of the cyclase by the Ca(2+)-free form of GCAP-2 and the inhibition of retGC basal ac

185 The change from a Ca2+-bound to a Ca2+-free form of GCAP1 increased susceptibility of Ca2+-free

186 ns from the calmodulin superfamily, the Ca2+-free form of GCAP1 stimulates the effector enzyme.

187 It is known that apolactoferrin, the iron-free form of human lactoferrin, can kill many species of

188 d IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) so that the free form of IGF-1 could be released from the IGF-1.IGFB

189 r, promising results were achieved using the free form of inulinase from A. niger (77.19% of GF2; 14.

190 Crystal structures of the ligand-free form of KstR show variability in the position of th

191 obiology, Cowles et al. demonstrate that the free form of Lpp is an integral OM protein whose C-termi

192 ve solved the x-ray structure of a substrate-free form of lysine-5,6-aminomutase from Clostridium sti

193 epitope recognized by MEM-265 in the peptide-free form of major histocompatibility complex II DR1 bet

194 dy has identified an enzyme specific for the free form of Met-(R)-O, fRMsr, through proteomic analysi

195 ntly found that thionein, the reduced, metal-free form of metallothionein, could function as a reduci

196 phosphatase activity predominantly onto the free form of one of the proteins making up the split kin

197 While preventing the free form of p53 from accessing its cognate sites, sumoy

198 n, still with higher affinity for the cation-free form of phosphoenzyme.

199 In vitro studies suggest that the nucleotide-free form of PilB assumes the active signaling conformat

200 BioW for biotin synthesis indicates that the free form of pimelic acid is an intermediate in biotin s

201 interacts preferentially with the nucleotide-free form of Rab-RP1, and this interaction involves Clar

202 miniscent of the structure of the nucleotide-free form of Ras in complex with Sos.

203 protein transducin (Gt) by opsin, the ligand-free form of rhodopsin, was measured using rod outer seg

204 Degradation of the free form of RNase R also requires tmRNA-SmpB, but this

205 Spo13 binds preferentially to the nucleotide-free form of ScSec4 and facilitates nucleotide exchange

206 interactions, we report that the nucleotide-free form of Sec4p coimmunoprecipitates with Ssop.

207 The X-ray crystal structure of the substrate free form of Staphylococcus aureus UDP-N-acetylenolpyruv

208 lacking subunit III was a large amount of a free form of subunit I that appeared identical to subuni

209 cally competent 'closed' state in the ligand-free form of the enzyme adenylate kinase.

210 zyme (IDE) to serines resulted in a cysteine-free form of the enzyme with reduced activity and decrea

211 In contrast, the free form of the enzyme, which is deleterious to cells,

212 exchange reaction required to regenerate the free form of the enzyme.

213 also found to be disordered in the substrate-free form of the enzyme.

214 ffinity (K(d) = 0.64 +/- 0.12 microM) to the free form of the enzyme.

215 he substrate, halide ions do not bind to the free form of the enzyme; therefore, halide ions cannot b

216 L) spectroscopy to compare opsin, the ligand-free form of the GPCR rhodopsin, with opsin containing t

217 found in association with the open, peptide-free form of the HLA-B8 H chain.

218 igh resolution solution NMR structure of the free form of the MptpA LMW-PTP.

219 pes place LIN-42 in opposition to the ligand-free form of the nuclear receptor DAF-12, which indirect

220 ent assembly in vitro was 22 nt for the zinc-free form of the protein and 16 nt for the zinc-bound fo

221 ich appears to be closer in structure to the free form of the protein in the case of the +KTS complex

222 The drug-free form of the protein is similar in overall fold to t

223 lution NMR structure of the inactive calcium-free form of the protein.

224 K1-ATP complex phosphorylates the nucleotide-free form of the S6K1 alpha II kinase and (ii) initial b

225 F Envs, which was not observed with the cell-free form of the same virus.

226 Na(+) binding to the glutamate-free form of the transporter generates a high affinity b

227 scence in situ hybridization showed that the free form of the transpoviron replicates within the gian

228 e apoptosis-mediating anticancer effect than free form of these proteins and 5-FU.

229 The soluble free form of this domain is a 10 alpha-helix bundle.

230 The free form of YmoA shows collective microsecond-milliseco

231 TRAPP preferentially binds to the nucleotide-free form of Ypt1p.

232 ctures of both the choline-bound and choline-free forms of CutC and have discovered that binding of c

233 by further interactions of the complex with free forms of either native or non-native T-synthase.

234 global demand for cost-effective, pollution-free forms of energy conversion.

235 unction; however, both Na(+)-bound and Na(+)-free forms of factor Xa in the prothrombinase complex ca

236 Nucleotide-free forms of G alpha subunits were typically very sensi

237 ategy is presented here for producing glycan-free forms of glycoproteins without loss of function by

238 balance of membrane skeleton-associated and free forms of GPIb-IX.

239 Ca(2+)-free forms of guanylyl cyclase-activating proteins (GCAP

240 s with both dominant negative and nucleotide free forms of H and NRas, but not with the corresponding

241 ctral tuning in the chloride-bound and anion-free forms of halorhodopsin from Natronobacterium pharao

242 each other and more similar to the substrate-free forms of homologs than to the substrate-bound forms

243 Both membrane-bound and membrane-free forms of MA were myristylated and phosphorylated.

244 the balance of peptide-occupied and peptide-free forms of MHC class II at the cell surface.

245 ugh about equal amounts of MRC-complexed and free forms of PCNA were detected by immunoblot analysis

246 ciation is an inherent property of the lipid-free forms of several exchangeable apolipoproteins, incl

247 changes in the molar fractions of bound and free forms of SG, the approach provides an unprecedented

248 ding is nonselective, because the nucleotide-free forms of six Rab proteins bind with similar low eff

249 Two-dimensional NMR spectra of the Ca2+-free forms of the mutants have been compared to the wild

250 cessible surfaces of the iron-bound and iron-free forms of the N-terminal lobe of human serum Tf at b

251 ens, H. pylori preferentially binds the iron-free forms of transferrin and lactoferrin, which limits

252 directly binds the GDP-bound and nucleotide-free forms of Ypt7 and that purified Vps39 stimulates nu

253 timulates the functions of the non-RB bound 'free' form of E2F1.

254 These sites were occluded in the E2 (Ca(2+)-free) form of the enzyme, consistent with mutual protect

255 rentiate between complexed and unencumbered (free) forms of cyclopentyne, but those involving spirodi

256 ables instant 3D optical zoom-in imaging, 3D free-form optical microsurgery, and 3D visualization and

257 rs and all of them had a carbonyl group in a free form or as hemiacetal.

258 ithrombin inhibition of factor Xa, either in free form or assembled into the prothrombinase complex d

259 mc directly interacts specifically in either free form or covalently bound to solid supports with den

260 cultured cells when applying the drug in the free form or in a delivery system.

261 g crystal structures of Importin-beta in its free form or in complex with nuclear localization signal

262 or bacterial infection and is present in its free form or is conjugated to cellular proteins.

263 ss of carbene, however they are found in the free form or ligated to only a few d-block ions.

264 sly reported SaDHNA structures in its ligand-free form (PDB entry 1DHN) and in complex with HP (PDB e

265 Our results show that, in its free form, pol X can exist in two stable conformations t

266 y have not been detected unesterified in the free form, presumably because of their marked reactivity

267 thesized as a membrane-bound protein while a free-form prostasin is secreted into the culture medium.

268 MutS, which can be isolated in a nucleotide-free form, purified MutS E694A contains 1.0 mol of bound

269 single-shot fast spin-echo images by tracing free-form regions of interest on individual consecutive

270 nged the galloylated form of catechin to its free form, releasing gallic acid and increasing the anti

271 e D-bound, epothilone B-bound, and substrate-free forms, respectively, are the first crystal structur

272 exists in the predominantly metal-bound and free forms, respectively.

273 On the other hand, the structure of the free form reveals a collapse of the 215-217 strand that

274 n structure of the C191A/C220A mutant in the free form reveals a conformation similar to the Na+-free

275 of the FMN-bound wild type form with the FMN-free form reveals a significant conformational differenc

276 includes restrictions based on field values, free-form SQL queries and combined queries on multiple t

277 The relevance of this conformation to the free form structure and the pathway for conformational c

278 re rigidly fixed in these junctions in their free forms, tend to be more flexible in their protein-bo

279 ally recognize anatomical entity mentions in free-form text have been introduced.

280 s molecule can be sublimed to afford a guest-free form that displays the unexpected transport of mole

281 . naeslundii existed predominantly in a cell-free form, that a small amount of the activity was cell

282 In the lipid-free form the mutant protein exhibited small changes in

283 In the solvent-free form, the diffusion of small quantities of iodine v

284 In the substrate-free form, the Fe-Cys stretching mode was detected at 34

285 ermotoga neapolitana adenylate kinase in the free form (TNAK) and inhibitor-bound form (TNAK*Ap5A) we

286 ff base pKa shifts from 8.4 for the chloride-free form to >10.4 for the chloride-bound form.

287 ntibody (LT3015) Fab fragment in its antigen-free form to 2.15 A resolution and in complex with two L

288 lized, human uPAR (H47C/N259C) in its ligand-free form to 2.4 A and in complex with amino-terminal fr

289 shifts from an alpha helix in the substrate-free form to a pi helix in the substrate-bound form.

290 nal switch in DNA from a loose duplex in the free form to a single-strand, tightly folded hairpin con

291 e pathway for conformational change from the free form to the CD4-bound structure is discussed in det

292 ts position in the previously reported P-CAB-free form, to a location proximal to the P-CAB binding s

293 Monolignol glucosides accumulate in a free form up to 9.85mg/g dry matter at the early develop

294 el d 1 to induce mast cell activation in its free form versus displayed on VLPs and we performed alle

295 were present in urine, and the proportion of free form was inversely related to the total concentrati

296 zyme adenylate kinase (AdK) in its substrate-free form, we compared a range of protein transition pat

297 ndothelial differentiation on day 3 in label-free form, whereas flow cytometry and fluorescent micros

298 nd to the cell's peptidoglycan layer, and a 'free-form', which is not.

299 structural definition of uPAR in its ligand-free form, which represents one of the biologically acti

300 ignificant structural rearrangement from its free form while the protein shows smaller but significan