ライフサイエンスコーパス: free-living

1 uring the regular period while subjects were free living.

2 ical ecological groups: patch-associated and free-living.

3 Using multiple kinetic models in free-living adult rats, we first demonstrate that DHA up

4 had no discernable effect on weight loss in free-living adults who were attempting to lose weight.

5 ish cells, whereas the Tenacibaculum-like as free-living aerobic heterotroph, densely colonizing the

6 ed the establishment of small populations of free-living algae alongside the hosts with endosymbionts

7 vel a conserved polarization module from the free living alpha-proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus

8 system infection caused by the thermophilic free-living ameba Naegleria fowleri.

9 plant-transmitted Balamuthia mandrillaris, a free-living ameba, were detected by recognition of sever

10 affecting contact lens wearers, is caused by free-living amebae, Acanthamoeba species.

11 In free-living American adults, the eating time for lunch w

12 s and proliferates within a diverse range of free-living amoeba in the environment, but upon transmis

13 Acanthamoeba castellanii is a ubiquitous free-living amoeba with a worldwide distribution that ca

14 ce a rapid encystment phenotype (REP) in the free-living amoeba, Acanthamoeba castellanii.

15 the growth and interaction of Legionella and free-living amoebae (FLA) due to biofilm formation, elev

16 We hypothesized that Free-living amoebae (FLA), as ubiquitous inhabitants of

17 Free-living amoebae are protozoa ubiquitously found in w

18 Free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba can cause

19 Free-living amoebae, such as Naegleria fowleri, Acantham

20 Though the internal environment of free-living amoebas is similar in many ways to that of m

21 llaris serology and immunohistochemistry for free-living amoebas on the brain biopsy tissue were posi

22 t group of uncultured chloroflexi related to free-living anaerobic Anaerolineae inhabits the mammalia

23 The free-living ancestor contained a broad repertoire of gen

24 w such highly adapted parasites evolved from free-living ancestors is poorly understood, particularly

25 The assay used by the Free-Living and Intestinal Amebas Laboratory of the CDC

26 gens (protists & fungi), along with relevant free-living and non-pathogenic species, and select patho

27 nts of a (bi-)polarization system encoded in free-living and obligate intracellular alpha-proteobacte

28 Although free-living and obligate intracellular bacteria are both

29 ically appropriate comparisons of genomes of free-living and parasitic species are needed.

30 ess gradually declined downriver in both the free-living and particle-associated bacterial communitie

31 Taxa contributing genomes to both free-living and particle-associated communities had up t

32 ment in catalase activity was found for both free-living and symbiotic biofilms in response to extern

33 ation to optimize bacterial survival in both free-living and symbiotic states.

34 scenario for the interrelationships between free-living and vertebrate-parasitic flatworms, providin

35 Understanding the demographic response of free-living animal populations to different drivers is t

36 esponses of laboratory mice reflect those of free-living animals is unknown.

37 Free-living animals must not only regulate the amount of

38 s of flying and diving have been measured in free-living animals that use their wings to fly or to pr

39 In free-living animals, light pollution is associated with

40 ng introduce bio-logging techniques to track free-living animals.

41 cts to be associated with reduced fitness in free-living animals.

42 The free-living aquatic bacterium, Caulobacter crescentus, e

43 Almost all free-living bacteria contain toxin-antitoxin (TA) system

44 symbiotically differentiated bacteroids and free-living bacteria differed primarily at a Raman bioma

45 Free-living bacteria explained, on average, over 60% of

46 By contrast, free-living bacteria in today's oceans typically live si

47 peptides that orchestrate the adaptation of free-living bacteria into intracellular residents.

48 Nitrogen (N) fixation by free-living bacteria is a primary N input pathway in man

49 lastids (chloroplasts) evolved from formerly free-living bacteria that were acquired through endosymb

50 Contrary to homologues from free-living bacteria, chlamydial AmiA uses lipid II as a

51 potheses for genome erosion in symbionts and free-living bacteria, propose modifications to the prese

52 affect marine ecological systems, especially free-living bacteria, which are the primary DOM degrader

53 e for other cyanobacteria and nonpathogenic, free-living bacteria.

54 of these processes is still limited for many free-living bacteria.

55 brid dysfunction increases susceptibility to free-living bacteria.

56 ons than that by the community of planktonic free-living bacteria.

57 sizes and survival rates similar to those of free-living bacteria.

58 s suggest that these particle-associated and free-living bacterial assemblages are functionally diffe

59 In this study, we analyzed free-living bacterial communities from Xiamen sea during

60 great influence of an A. sanguinea bloom on free-living bacterial communities, and provided new insi

61 g subpopulations may be a general feature of free-living bacterial species with huge populations in h

62 munity structure and metabolic activities of free-living bacterioplankton in different blooming phase

63 marine Alphaproteobacteria suggest that some free-living bacterioplankton lineages evolved from patch

64 trophy are prevalent features among diverse, free-living bacterioplankton, whereas existing laborator

65 When a free-living bacterium transitions to a host-beneficial e

66 These cell populations were present in free-living barn populations of feral mice and pet store

67 help drive an holistic understanding of the free-living behaviour of a range of species.

68 lms and 0.31 +/- 0.07 mumol H2O2/min for the free-living biofilms, suggesting similar catalase activi

69 an intended goal, but efforts to examine how free-living birds use navigational information under con

70 generate spatial estimates of symbiotic and free-living BNF in secondary and primary forest sites th

71 e abundance, but we also show that spatially free-living BNF often exceeds symbiotic inputs.

72 w species, Paratrypanosoma confusum, between free-living bodonid out-group taxa and other trypanosoma

73 quenced from European soil and are the first free-living Bradyrhizobium isolates, lacking both nodula

74 the genome and gene annotations of two such free-living Bradyrhizobium isolates, named G22 and BF49,

75 in both parasitic (Haemonchus contortus) and free-living (Caenorhabditis elegans) nematodes.

76 weight stability can be used to estimate the free-living caloric requirements of nonobese adults.

77 Host-parasite associations for free-living carnivores (order Carnivora) and terrestrial

78 latory Influence Network (EGRIN) model for a free-living cell, and has now been applied to many more

79 gest it helps to guide their transition from free-living cells into coherent and functional populatio

80 Genomes from free-living cells were more abundant than those from par

81 ld up-regulation of expression compared with free-living cells.

82 ongly induced in Mn(2+) -limited cultures of free-living cells.

83 teria, with the smallest known genomes among free-living cellular organisms, are ideal models for thi

84 raguild (non-IG) predators that only consume free-living cercariae (parasitic trematodes) reduced met

85 ared their inferred metabolic potential with free-living chloroflexi.

86 e explore the genomic innovations that allow free-living chytrid fungi to adapt to and colonize amphi

87 ched wax esters has been reported in several free-living ciliate protozoa.

88 We have found that free-living ciliates Tetrahymena and Paramecium lost the

89 o the extreme evolutionary transition from a free-living cnidarian to a microscopic endoparasite, we

90 egeneration of the myxozoan body plan from a free-living cnidarian to a microscopic parasitic cnidari

91 Whereas in free-living cnidarians the stinging capsules are used fo

92 y reduced in size and complexity relative to free-living cnidarians, yet they have retained specializ

93 on-associated community exceeded that of the free-living community, and it showed a preference to deg

94 consumption of snacks were maintained under free-living conditions and whether the habitual daily co

95 ed-loop insulin delivery under unsupervised, free-living conditions for 4 weeks in adults with type 1

96 esis, and energy intake) were measured under free-living conditions with random allocation to daily b

97 24-h glycemic responses were measured under free-living conditions with random allocation to daily b

98 terventions were unsupervised and done under free-living conditions.

99 sus 24 h use of patient-managed SAP only, in free-living conditions.

100 he day versus 2 months of SAP use only under free-living conditions.

101 Second, compared to free-living consumers, many parasites' feeding niches ap

102 obile substrate, with subsequent growth into free-living coralliths until a critical mass is reached

103 Herein we reviewed the phenomenon of free-living corals (coralliths), examined whether they h

104 Unlike the other >150 available genomes of free-living cyanobacteria, only 63.8% of the Trichodesmi

105 Understanding the evolution of the free-living, cyanobacterial, diazotroph Trichodesmium is

106 to degrade short-chain alkanes and those of free-living Cycloclasticus that bloomed during the Deepw

107 levels of intensity would be exceeded during free-living daily activity in these individuals when ass

108 heir fungal symbionts, compete directly with free-living decomposers for nitrogen.

109 decompose in the presence of dioxygen, many free-living diazotrophs are obligate aerobes.

110 tive cytosolic pathways, suggesting that all free-living dinoflagellates are metabolically dependent

111 Free-living EI was recorded on days 4, 8, and 12 of inte

112 Accurate measurement of free-living energy intake (EI) over long periods is impe

113 tical method to measure long-term changes in free-living energy intake.

114 Oocysts, the extremely hardy free-living environmental stage of T. gondii shed in fae

115 blinding eye infection caused by ubiquitous, free-living, environmental acanthamoebae, which are know

116 a Remarkably, we also find these proteins in free-living eukaryotes, including several viridiplantae,

117 history is inherently tied to a more cryptic free-living (ex hospite) phase that remains largely unex

118 ents, and interaction with protein timing in free-living experimental conditions; these factors have

119 ighest levels of the Ss-riok-2 transcript in free-living females and parasitic females.

120 Specifically, free-living filamentous fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi

121 so assigned taxa to functional groups (e.g., free-living filamentous fungi, ectomycorrhizal fungi, an

122 ur oxidation and nitrification dominated the free-living (FL) fraction throughout the oxycline (< 1-1

123 articularly for particle-associated (PA) and free-living (FL) habitats.

124 genomes and transcriptomes representing all free-living flatworm orders, we provide resolution of pl

125 The free-living flatworm, Macrostomum lignano has an impress

126 Planarians are free-living flatworms capable of rapidly regenerating fr

127 ain classes previously reported as absent in free-living flatworms, e.g., planarians.

128 population of individually recognizable and free-living fork-tailed drongos (Dicrurus adsimilis) in

129 ktonic MGII associated with particles and in free-living forms in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) over

130 Ancestral state reconstruction revealed that free-living forms likely colonised cnidarian hosts initi

131 diverse conflicts ranging from parasitic to free-living forms.

132 or 18%) and fibre (30% or 45%) with those of free-living goslings on Akimiski Island, Canada.

133 tty acid and phospholipid synthesis found in free living Gram-negative bacteria.

134 ess data from a multi-generation pedigree of free-living great tits (Parus major), we find quantitati

135 was a 3-period randomized crossover trial in free-living healthy individuals who consumed in random o

136 ndomized, controlled studies conducted under free-living home conditions, we compared closed-loop ins

137 insulin and glucagon has not been shown in a free-living, home-use setting.

138 ttributable to the behavioral differences of free-living human volunteers.

139 bits and all components of energy balance in free-living humans.

140 This means that the host is free living in a seasonal environment, and it is transfe

141 individuals under laboratory conditions, but free-living individuals have to temporally synchronize t

142 In free-living individuals, estimated EI during overfeeding

143 th chronic systemic inflammation in healthy, free-living individuals.

144 ehaviors subsequent to skipping breakfast in free-living individuals.

145 ues that are both accurate and applicable to free-living individuals.

146 ng to the "curse of the Pharaoh" hypothesis, free-living infectious stages typical of fungal pathogen

147 Free-living infectious stages whose lifespan exceeds the

148 Free-living infective juveniles (IJs) of EPNs employ hos

149 demonstrated successful transfection of, the free-living kinetoplastid flagellate Parabodo caudatus w

150 the evolution of obligatory parasitism from free-living lifestyle and the evolution of human parasit

151 mbrane trafficking systems associated with a free-living lifestyle have been progressively and non-ra

152 rent ecological strategies (symbiotic versus free-living lifestyles) depending on the rock type.

153 spectrum of parasitic capabilities, plus the free-living Lindenbergia Following initial phylogenetic

154 two-sex models parameterized with data from free-living mammal populations with contrasting levels o

155 ermining haemoparasite infection patterns in free living mammalian hosts.

156 improve the modeling of complex diseases of free-living mammals.

157 odeling complex diseases of humans and other free-living mammals.

158 s and behaviors are difficult to observe for free-living marine species, especially those that move g

159 rvention (20 mug/d) study was carried out in free-living men and women aged >/=50 y (n = 125) who wer

160 ivocal termitophile belonging to the largely free-living Mesoporini from the mid-Cretaceous [7].

161 and Mesosymbion[3], a member of the largely free-living Mesoporini, are not necessarily termitophilo

162 l), which was around 10-fold higher than the free-living MGII in the same region, and an order of mag

163 However, the abundances of those free-living MGII showed positive correlations with salin

164 haracteristics between particle-attached and free-living MGIIs.

165 nder two different physiological conditions: free-living microaerobic cells ( approximately 12 mum O2

166 The exposure of fish to environmental free-living microbes and its effect on early colonizatio

167 Free-living microbes evolve under stronger selection for

168 corrhizal fungi, which compete directly with free-living microbes for N.

169 used to profile the functional potential of free-living microbes from the Xiamen Sea Area in respons

170 dily applicable to other host-associated and free-living microbial communities.

171 al fungi that associate with plant roots and free-living microbial decomposers, which is consistent w

172 rganizational parallels seen among human and free-living microbiomes seem to support this idea.

173 her plant or animal hosts; other species are free-living microbivores, scavengers, or predators of in

174 eukaryotic cell cytoplasm are uncommon among free-living microorganisms and often possess distinctive

175 try system, we compared activity patterns of free-living migrant and resident European blackbirds (Tu

176 Pseudomonas sp. TLC 6-6.5-4 is a free-living multiple-metal-resistant plant-growth-promot

177 -eight per cent of the SSPs were secreted by free-living mycelia and five of the 10 most abundant ext

178 erentially expressed between mycorrhizas and free-living mycelia.

179 m, in agreement with the N preference of the free-living mycelium grown on different N sources.

180 ins (MiSSPs) in ectomycorrhiza compared with free-living mycelium.

181 We compiled data from studies measuring free-living N fixation in response to N, P and Mo fertil

182 chemical demands of N fixation, constraining free-living N fixation in the terrestrial biosphere.

183 e and variability of nutrient constraints to free-living N fixation in the terrestrial biosphere.

184 Additionally, free-living N fixation is stimulated by P additions in t

185 Across our compiled dataset, free-living N fixation is suppressed by N fertilization

186 molybdenum (Mo) availability in controlling free-living N fixation rates.

187 r parasitic nematodes that are absent in the free-living nematode C. elegans, it has ncRNA families t

188 The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can adapt to

189 es (HRGs) have been characterized within the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we have und

190 arasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

191 ug discovery, Heligmosomoidesbakeri, and the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

192 assembly and annotation of the genome of the free-living nematode Oscheius tipulae, a distant relativ

193 nt the sex ratios and mating dynamics of the free-living nematode Rhabditis sp. SB347, in which males

194 Prenol was attractive to dauers of some free-living nematodes and insect larvae.

195 Free-living nematodes excrete dauer-inducing pheromones

196 t that a synthetic biology approach - moving free-living nematodes towards a parasitic lifestyle - wi

197 Based on morphological data, these free-living nematodes were assigned to a new genus, Auan

198 atode genome diversity, and in particular of free-living nematodes, expands.

199 egulation was observed in both parasitic and free-living nematodes.

200 Chromera velia and Vitrella brassicaformis, free-living non-parasitic photosynthetic algae closely r

201 ed conditions, and compare it to that of the free-living (non phytoplankton-associated) bacterial com

202 Polytomella spp. are free-living, nonphotosynthetic green algae closely relat

203 sed in two controlled, cross-over studies in free-living normocholesterolemic and moderately hypercho

204 t habits and components of energy balance in free-living obese humans.

205 ith daily meals enhances integrated MyoPS in free-living older men in rested and REX conditions and i

206 of myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) in free-living older men who consumed higher protein (HP) (

207 n and parasite community that inhabits every free-living organism can control host vital rates includ

208 As free-living organisms and symbionts of herbivorous anima

209 such daily cycles, prokaryote and eukaryote free-living organisms evolved intrinsic clocks that regu

210 of Polytomella Species from both genera are free-living organisms that contain nonphotosynthetic pla

211 heory, a theoretical framework developed for free-living organisms to further our understanding of an

212 t tool for modelling immunological events in free-living organisms, including humans.

213 g upon lessons from the community ecology of free-living organisms, we illustrate how recent advances

214 eotide, which are essential coenzymes in all free-living organisms.

215 ictions for disease dynamics, especially for free-living parasites.

216 o the lifestyles (free-living unparasitized, free-living parasitized, and parasitic) of animal specie

217 r when the PPX snack was consumed during the free-living part of the intervention (7904 +/- 610 compa

218 Despite this, free-living parthenogens have never been observed in any

219 surement of auxin-related metabolites in the free-living partners revealed that the mycelium of L. bi

220 the host, but not from the distantly related free-living Pelagibacter and Rhodospirillales.

221 ontrolled environment can classify groups of free-living people into consumers of diets associated wi

222 s of trypanosomatid genomes, revealing how a free-living phagotroph became adapted to exploiting host

223 ologies among unicellular opisthokonts, from free-living phagotrophic flagellated bacterivores and fi

224 plication are tied to a shift from a motile, free-living phase of search and attack to a sessile, int

225 anellar genomes have already been reduced in free-living phototrophic ancestors of apicomplexan paras

226 th diverse life strategies arose from a once free-living phototrophic marine alga.

227 We propose that some free-living planktonic bacteria have traded their abilit

228 es and have higher antibiotic tolerance than free-living planktonic cells.

229 l organism Bacillus subtilis switches from a free-living, planktonic lifestyle to form a biofilm is c

230 hogenic lifestyles, but it also can occur in free-living, plastid-bearing lineages.

231 aboratory inbred strains are also found in a free-living population.

232 the brain depends strongly on genotype in a free-living population; and (iv) ERalpha expression in t

233 mental consequences of low protein intake in free-living populations remains limited.We examined the

234 rements of physical activity patterns across free-living populations worldwide.

235 ed to model and classify dietary patterns of free-living populations.

236 tems are gene modules that are ubiquitous in free-living prokaryotes.

237 tochondria are thought to have originated as free-living prokaryotes.

238 stribution of protein domain families in the free-living proteomes of Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya a

239 The repertoire of free-living protozoa in contact lens solutions is poorly

240 ugh the natural hosts for L. pneumophila are free-living protozoa that reside in freshwater environme

241 r examined by microscope for the presence of free-living protozoa.

242 Our results suggest that an AMF and a free-living PSB interacted to the benefit of each other

243 stand, because the parasites and their known free-living relatives are so divergent from one another.

244 : Troctomorpha), which are among the closest free-living relatives of parasitic lice.

245 isms, in particular neoblasts of planarians (free-living relatives of schistosomes).

246 arison of parasitic trypanosomatids to their free-living relatives reveals that some characteristics

247 Compared with their free-living relatives, mutualistic insect symbiotic bact

248 several key characteristics in their closest free-living relatives, photosynthetic chromerids and pre

249 find that virtually all are present in their free-living relatives.

250 parasitic (Parastrongyloides trichosuri) and free-living (Rhabditophanes sp. KR3021).

251 root nodules, uninfected root segments, and free-living rhizobia.

252 protein under the Ss-riok-2 promoter in post free-living S. stercoralis.

253 ghly adaptive bacterium that replicates as a free-living saprophyte in the environment as well as a f

254 for facultative biotrophic relationships in free-living saprotrophic basidiomycetes may be greater t

255 ht loss in adults trying to lose weight in a free-living setting.

256 friendly diet, in a carefully controlled but free-living setting.

257 hylogeny; the basal-most one includes mostly free-living shrimp, albeit with a few symbiotic species.

258 fy Bothrioplanida as the long-sought closest free-living sister group of the parasitic Neodermata.

259 any of these taxa in the wild, although two free-living snakes were recently discovered each gestati

260 assess its evolutionary history from likely free-living soil-based progenitors into highly successfu

261 sleep debt and affects disease dynamics in a free-living songbird.

262 The population trophic niche of free-living species can be subdivided into smaller niche

263 Parasite and free-living species thus have similar effects on these a

264 fic conditions, environmental change induces free-living species to become obligate mutualists and es

265 Parasites are different from free-living species, and so they will have genes with no

266 report the structures of metacommunities for free-living species, yet far less is known about the com

267 y the relative lack of information about key free-living species.

268 experiment that tested theory developed for free-living species.

269 tood, especially in comparison with those of free-living species.

270 akin to the nematocyst stinging capsules of free-living species.

271 These studies have mostly focused on free-living species.

272 itable, poor substrate environments through 'free-living stabilization', and explore their potential

273 pare the transcriptomes of the parasitic and free-living stages and find that these same gene familie

274 othermic components of parasite life cycles (free-living stages and invertebrate hosts or vectors) pr

275 e warming and seasonality on the dynamics of free-living stages in soil-transmitted helminths and the

276 Those pathogens with free-living stages, such as fungi causing catastrophic w

277 symbiotic lifestyle, implying that they have free-living stages.

278 peptolide is constitutively expressed in the free-living state, secreted levels dynamically change be

279 enigmatic sulfide-oxidizing symbiont in its free-living state.

280 e) bacterial biofilms of either symbiotic or free-living strains was studied in real time by scanning

281 ntake in a dietary intervention study and in free-living subjects from the European Prospective Inves

282 The assessment of polyphenol intake in free-living subjects is challenging, mostly because of t

283 There is a lack of appetite studies in free-living subjects supplying the habitual diet with ei

284 the same quantity of protein equivalents in free-living subjects with phenylketonuria.

285 clinical trials and observational studies of free-living subjects.We aimed to examine metabolomics pr

286 Here we show that free-living Symbiodinium spp. in culture commonly form c

287 c diet periods (identical foods provided and free living) that were separated by a 14-d habitual diet

288 ons between habitats, such as switching from free living to symbiotic niches.

289 bacterial lineages make the transition from free-living to permanent association with hosts, they ca

290 typically regulates the switch from motile, free-living to sessile and multicellular behaviors in Gr

291 s have a standard set of genes compared with free-living trebouxiophytes, providing no evidence for f

292 imentally increased embryonic temperature in free-living tropical and north temperate songbird specie

293 Breviatea form a lineage of free living, unicellular protists, distantly related to

294 How do the lifestyles (free-living unparasitized, free-living parasitized, and

295 Results from four free-living vertebrate systems reveals that although MDS

296 d the similarities and differences between a free living viral population and its co-occurring temper

297 ding exercise (WL), and 12 wk of prescribed, free-living weight loss (FL).

298 odel variables, validate models, and compare free-living weight-loss patterns to in-residence supervi

299 stic foraging partnership between humans and free-living wild animals.

300 feeding in individuals who are inpatients or free-living with only a slight underestimate of actual E