ライフサイエンスコーパス: fungicide

1 azone (an antidiabetic), and enilconazole (a fungicide).

2 (pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and manganese fungicides).

3 ing that it is an environmentally compatible fungicide.

4 rials following applications of the mancozeb fungicide.

5 onal terbinafine, which is a water-insoluble fungicide.

6 a beta-cyclodextrin derivative to bind this fungicide.

7 eing the primary physiological target of the fungicide.

8 kable extracellular barriers, laced with the fungicide.

9 eta-tubulins are the target of benzimidazole fungicides.

10 rentially selected for by the application of fungicides.

11 unaffected by the presence of these selected fungicides.

12 and inexhaustible source for antibiotics and fungicides.

13 pesticide residues, which were dominated by fungicides.

14 here was no association with insecticides or fungicides.

15 stitutes one of the alternatives to chemical fungicides.

16 stronger when adjusted for insecticides and fungicides.

17 s, and can be contaminated by mycotoxins and fungicides.

18 icides, and agricultural and nonagricultural fungicides.

19 echanism contributes to the effectiveness of fungicides.

20 ergosterol in fungi, and the target of azole fungicides.

21 ns, especially fungi, which are managed with fungicides.

22 e succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor group of fungicides.

23 a new generation of environmentally friendly fungicides.

24 ecticides, non-lepidopteran insecticides and fungicides.

25 te the widespread use of host resistance and fungicides.

26 e crop rotations, or increased dependency on fungicides.

27 lications as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, or fungicides.

28 s dependent on demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides.

29 The PRs included 16 fungicides (52%), 8 insecticides (26%), 2 herbicides (6%

30 n disease was investigated with the use of a fungicide, a pesticide mixture, a plastic mixture, dioxi

31 In the strategy for developing new fungicides, a critical step is the identification of new

32 for plant defense mechanisms as mediators of fungicide action has not been excluded.

33 Fungicide action is generally assumed to be dependent on

34 on of additional mechanisms of resistance to fungicide action.

35 seed-applied insecticide use, impacts of new fungicide active ingredients, and the effects of some se

36 Tricyclazole, a preventative fungicide against rice blast, has been previously charac

37 Therefore, the development of new fungicides against FG is an important issue to reduce ce

38 tabolizing activity, identified six triazole fungicides, all fungal P450 inhibitors, that dock in the

39 The influence of ten new generation fungicides (ametoctradin, benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, bos

40 g for resistance to the ergosterol-targeting fungicide amphotericin B (AmB) revealed that the two gro

41 We describe two classes of models used for fungicide and antibiotic resistance dynamics.

42 nduce visceral hypersensitivity), then given fungicide and donor cecum content via oral gavage.

43 ase system, different protection strategies (fungicide and inoculations with native root-associated b

44 Thiabendazole (TBZ) is a chemical fungicide and parasiticide largely used in food industry

45 r data support the identification of a novel fungicide and the compound has been named occidiofungin,

46 sistance of many important tree pathogens to fungicides and bactericides, the loss of fungicide regis

47 These findings suggest that exposure to some fungicides and other pesticides may increase the risk of

48 of dithiocarbamates (DTCs), which are potent fungicides and pesticides, thus raising concern that CS2

49 We consider modern usage of fungicides and plant defence activators, assess the usef

50 uires c-di-GMP-dependent signalling, diverse fungicides and resistance to a Fusarium-derived antibiot

51 of the method was 0.05-100 mug L(-1) for all fungicides and the limit of detection was 0.007-0.025 mu

52 he enzyme is the physiological target of new fungicides and the subject of inhibitor design and optim

53 , pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and manganese fungicides) and five individual organophosphates (acepha

54 atory framework for the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, and recommended for the

55 g resistant to existing resistance genes and fungicides, and a few of the pesticides are being withdr

56 arbons; disinfection byproducts; pesticides, fungicides, and bactericides; and flame retardants) and

57 pared exposures to insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and fumigants in 65 t(14;18)-positive and 10

58 ion to ever use of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and fumigants.

59 thod and covers 26 pesticides (insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides) of different chemical classe

60 ccession and diffuse transfer of herbicides, fungicides, and insecticide treatments in a vineyard cat

61 of biocidal active ingredients (herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides); we then selected fludioxo

62 ned screening of 320 pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and other chemicals in a series of high-thro

63 eased plant parts), applications of chemical fungicides, and the use of host resistance.

64 eptible to fusarium head blight treated with fungicides, and to evaluate the relationship between fun

65 Identification of postharvest fungicides, antioxidants, and sugars in fruit peel is pe

66 es, and to evaluate the relationship between fungicide application and mycotoxin production.

67 ed to predict whether a proposed change to a fungicide application program would decrease selection f

68 Fungicide application reduced ectomycorrhizal root colon

69 We introduce a modelling framework for fungicide application that allows us to consider how "ex

70 o environmental variation or to intermittent fungicide application) interacts with the intrinsic demo

71 er developed countries relies extensively on fungicide application.

72 The effect of treating grapes with six fungicides, applied under critical agricultural practice

73 Over 800 000 kg of Mn-containing fungicides are applied each year in California.

74 Azole fungicides are known inhibitors of the important enzyme

75 Novel fungicides are urgently needed.

76 er pesticides (ie, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides) are associated with excess risk of multiple

77 we then selected fludioxonil, a halogenated fungicide, as a model compound for more detailed study,

78 r insight into ecological risk posed by this fungicide associated with its metabolites.

79 The strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin was chosen as co-occurring substr

80 fornia Pesticide Use Reports to study use of fungicides, bactericides, fumigants, and selected insect

81 n, suggesting that isolates resistant to DMI fungicides based on the Y137H mutation may develop and b

82 ethod was developed to determine twenty-five fungicides belonging to three different chemical familie

83 urrence, and we previously reported that the fungicide benomyl interferes with several cellular proce

84 dane (OR(adj) = 1.3 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.7), the fungicides benomyl (OR(adj) = 3.1 (95% CI: 1.9, 5.1) and

85 rbicides (atrazine and glyphosate) and three fungicides (boscalid, chlorothalonil, and prochloraz).

86 he fraction of the population exposed to the fungicide can be derived for the transition between diff

87 ographic method for the determination of six fungicides (captan, chlorthalonil, folpet, iprodione, pr

88 otubes for voltammetric determination of the fungicide carbendazim (CBZ).

89 eloped for the multiresidue of 10 multiclass fungicides (carbendazim, thiabendazole, imazalil, tridem

90 Genome-wide microarray analysis showed that fungicide chlorothalonil (CHT) and BR co-upregulated 301

91 Here, we quantify the effects of the fungicide chlorothalonil on 34 species-, 2 community- an

92 rbon-tetrachloride/carbon disulfide, and the fungicide chlorothalonil, respectively.

93 er protective nor appropriate for predicting fungicide concentrations in the field in the context of

94 Hence, the use of these last four fungicides could cause a decrease in possible health ben

95 In this study, six azole fungicides (cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, ketoconazole,

96 metry was developed for the determination of fungicides (cyprodinil, procymidone, fludioxonil, flusil

97 te acting fungicide with a multi-site acting fungicide delayed the emergence of resistance to the sin

98 oxiredoxin-independent function in promoting fungicide-dependent cell swelling and growth arrest.

99 This area of research offers new avenues for fungicide design by targeting fungal-specific proteins t

100 Since fungicides differ with regard to their physicochemical p

101 idence of an association between exposure to fungicides, dioxin, phytoestrogens, flame retardants, he

102 The fungicides dissipated differentially.

103 ter wheat and used to evaluate the effect of fungicide dose rate on the time to emergence of resistan

104 life-cycle parameters and the effects of the fungicide (dose, frequency, use of mixtures, spatial usa

105 ficient mutant and mediates the entry of the fungicide drug, fenpropimorph.

106 dissipation of three insecticides and three fungicides during the freezing of zucchini.

107 s us to consider how "explicit" modelling of fungicide dynamics affects the invasion and persistence

108 ting at a concentration of 50 mug/mL and the fungicide effect at a concentration of 250 mug/mL.

109 ms, including spatio-temporal heterogeneity, fungicide effects, non-fungal BCA and strategies for BCA

110 ed relations between environmental pesticide/fungicide exposure and prostate cancer.

111 hexamid, and pyrimethanil are new generation fungicides extensively employed in order to combat disea

112 complex were determined with and without the fungicide famoxadone.

113 The influence of six fungicides (famoxadone, fenhexamid, fluquinconazole, kre

114 We report the discovery of nontoxic fungicide fenarimol (1) as an inhibitor of Trypanosoma c

115 Last, we identified the fungicide fluconazole as an inhibitor of cAMP-mediated r

116 ceral hypersensitivity using rats exposed to fungicide (fluconazole and nystatin).

117 ic conditions, and they are resistant to the fungicides fludioxonil and iprodione.

118 lcofluor white and Congo red, as well as the fungicides fludioxonil and vinclozolin, suggesting a rol

119 sipation behaviour of simultaneously applied fungicides fluquinconazole and pyrimethanil was studied

120 th proteins are similarly sensitive to azole fungicides flusilazole, prothioconazole-desthio and tebu

121 rometry in the presence and absence of azole fungicides followed by toxicokinetic modeling, we showed

122 ly used to investigate the mode of action of fungicides have been biochemistry and physiology.

123 cides that are introduced by beekeepers; and fungicides, herbicides, and other environmental contamin

124 and groups of pesticides based on function (fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, and fumigants) or

125 The degradation of the postharvest fungicides imazalil, orthophenylphenol, and pyrimethanil

126 Rapamycin, a complex macrolide and potent fungicide, immunosuppressant and anticancer agent, is a

127 All fungicides impaired leaf palatability to the leaf-shredd

128 f carbendazim, a commonly used benzimidazole fungicide in agriculture.

129 ific determination and quantification of the fungicide in food matrices.

130 Tetraconazole is currently used as a fungicide in fruit and vegetables.

131 lower than that of albesilate, a widely used fungicide in harvested citrus fruit.

132 f pyrimethanil on pome fruits, a widely used fungicide in horticultural species.

133 ability of the aptasensor for monitoring EDI fungicide in spiked real samples.

134 idated for the estimation of dithiocarbamate fungicides in a variety of fruit and vegetable matrices.

135 velopmental activity of structurally related fungicides in C. elegans correlated with their rate of m

136 used commercially as drugs, herbicides, and fungicides in different systems, but in recent years the

137 experiments were carried out for these three fungicides in ecological red must from Vitis vinifera cv

138 provide an adequate level of protection for fungicides in general.

139 s study, a survey of the occurrence of these fungicides in international wines was carried out by usi

140 vators were more effective than conventional fungicides in rising the levels of sterols, particularly

141 d field concentrations (MFC) of agricultural fungicides in surface waters and sediments from 56 studi

142 sistance may occur through exposure to azole fungicides in the environment.

143 esent environmental risk assessment (ERA) of fungicides in the European Union for fungi is unknown.

144 n of mancozeb, the most-used dithiocarbamate fungicide, in field followed first+first order kinetics

145 rt a role of organochlorines, in addition to fungicides, in the etiology of thyroid disease among fem

146 d with Parkinson's disease risk, and certain fungicides, including pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, f

147 Here, we use fungicide, insecticide and physical exclosure treatments

148 anization accelerators and in agriculture as fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides.

149 determine the residual concentrations of the fungicides iprodione and procymidone that had been appli

150 f resistance in a pathogen population once a fungicide is no longer effective and removed from use.

151 In contrast, the effectiveness of these fungicides is not altered in Arabidopsis mutants defecti

152 o not explicitly include the dynamics of the fungicide itself, nor do they consider the impact of inf

153 Recently, a novel fungicide JS399-19 has been launched into the marketplac

154 Although fungicides lack acute toxicity, they may influence bee h

155 h extensive aerial spraying of Mn-containing fungicide mancozeb in Costa Rica, and examined environme

156 ts and maximum dose per treatment are set by fungicide manufacturers and regulators at a level that p

157 onic exposure to widely used dithiocarbamate fungicides may contribute to the development of PD, and

158 Exposure of A. fumigatus to azole fungicides may facilitate the emergence of new resistanc

159 Thus, agricultural use of triazole fungicides may put bees at risk of being unable to extra

160 During ozonation of drinking water, the fungicide metabolite N,N-dimethylsulfamide (DMS) can be

161 t increased susceptibility to pathogens, the fungicides metalaxyl, fosetyl, and Cu(OH)2 are much less

162 hough the fraction of the underestimation of fungicide MFC values was generally lower than that obtai

163 Specifically, one of three triazole fungicides, myclobutanil, propiconazole, or triadimefon,

164 many key fungicides, the lack of replacement fungicides, negative public perception regarding the saf

165 pper is used as a water purifier, algaecide, fungicide, nematocide, molluscicide, and antibacterial a

166 We studied the mechanisms of ziram's (a DTC fungicide) neurotoxicity in vivo.

167 also evaluated the usefulness of mixing two fungicides of differing modes of action for delaying the

168 perimental areas, in which no treatment with fungicides of the dithiocarbamate group was applied.

169 crops, and the limited number of registered fungicides offer a unique niche for the biological contr

170 Methyl bromide, a fungicide often used in strawberry cultivation, is of co

171 ng a track sprayer system, residues of these fungicides on the leaf surfaces were sufficiently visual

172 erizing the distribution of three commercial fungicides on wheat leaf surfaces.

173 ngicides (OR = 1.3-1.6) but not agricultural fungicides (OR = 1.0).

174 nsecticides, herbicides, and nonagricultural fungicides (OR = 1.3-1.6) but not agricultural fungicide

175 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 1.6) and fungicides (OR(adj) = 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.8) but no asso

176 f agricultural chemicals (insecticides and a fungicide) over the last 40 years.

177 Compared with conventional fungicides (penconazole and methyldinocap), in 2009, BTH

178 d honeybee toxicants, whereas herbicides and fungicides pose fewer environmental problems.

179 ted as an alternative solution to commercial fungicide - prochloraz(R) that is currently being used b

180 nd mineral speciation of nanosized Cu in two fungicide products (A and B) available in the U.S. marke

181 ed effect (i.e., that a specific change to a fungicide program increased or decreased selection or wa

182 talloids (cadmium, arsenic), followed by the fungicide propiconazole and herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenox

183 del for the synergistic mixture of the azole fungicide, propiconazole (the synergist), and the insect

184 oate, disulfoton, and zeta-cypermethrin; and fungicide pyraclostrobin) had significantly different as

185 The macrolide fungicide rapamycin has shown significant antiproliferat

186 The macrolide fungicide rapamycin, a natural product with potent antim

187 and the exposure time of the pathogen to the fungicide reduces the selection for resistance.

188 selected from a list of all insecticides and fungicides registered in Switzerland and their major TPs

189 to fungicides and bactericides, the loss of fungicide registrations and restrictions on their use du

190 We propose that microbial construction of fungicide-releasing hydrophobic barriers might be a nove

191 These results suggest that azole fungicides remain a useful component of integrated phoma

192 xin in wheat grain and epoxiconazole was the fungicide residue found in the highest concentration.

193 Fungicide residue occurrences were 22.4%, 19.2%, 18.8%,

194 To obtain the fungicide residues below 0.01 mg/kg, which is the defaul

195 simultaneous determination of mycotoxins and fungicide residues in wheat grains susceptible to fusari

196 confidence level 95%) The dissipation of the fungicide residues was fitted to the experimental data a

197 Fungicide residues were determined by solid-phase microe

198 GC-ECD and GC-NPD) was used to determine the fungicides residues, the analytical performance of which

199 In addition, the rising issues of fungicide resistance demand alternative strategies to re

200 We show that models of fungicide resistance dynamics with and without density-d

201 y studies exist about the selection phase of fungicide resistance evolution, where a resistant strain

202 Recently, genetic studies of fungicide resistance have led to advances in our underst

203 el of compensatory evolution with respect to fungicide resistance in a haploid clonally reproducing f

204 ive traits such as pathogenicity, virulence, fungicide resistance, and host specialization, as genome

205 ve cell integrity, hyperosmotic sensitivity, fungicide resistance, and protoperithecial development t

206 s emergence and spread of new traits such as fungicide resistance, increasing difficulties in managin

207 The emergence phase of the evolution of fungicide resistance--where the resistant strain is not

208 ng the applied dose to slow the evolution of fungicide resistance.

209 s) on the evolution, invasion, and spread of fungicide resistance.

210 ing less effective owing to the emergence of fungicide resistance.

211 Fungicide-resistance management would be more effective

212 ul in controlling antibiotic-, herbicide- or fungicide-resistant organisms.

213 othiadiazole (BTH) in combination with these fungicides results in a synergistic effect on pathogen r

214 re about initial conditions: either both the fungicide-sensitive strain and the -resistant strain are

215 us expression of LmCYP51B and LbCYP51B, with fungicide sensitivity testing of the transformants, sugg

216 Fungicide sensitivity testing on isolates shows that the

217 Fungicides should be used to the extent required to mini

218 Treating seeds and young seedlings with fungicides significantly reduced the diversity of the se

219 which could be reduced by administration of fungicides, soluble beta-glucans, or a SYK inhibitor.

220 ystems, including ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides such as maneb.

221 ultural chemicals, including dithiocarbamate fungicides such as manganese ethylenebisdithiocarbamate

222 that observed after treatment with the azole fungicide tebuconazole, for which the CYP51 enzyme is a

223 sponsible for the reduced sensitivity to DMI fungicide tebuconazole, transformants expressing the mut

224 hat (a) Transfersomes deliver the lipophilic fungicide Terbinafine to the fungal cell wall, (b) the m

225 Triadimefon (TDF) is a triazole fungicide that blocks the reuptake of dopamine (DA), muc

226 d MP4 has shown a great potential as a novel fungicide that might be useful for control of postharves

227 R-NADPH complex for pyroquilon (a commercial fungicide that targets 3HNR) in comparison to that of th

228 Specific fungicides that appeared to drive this association were

229 velopment of pathogen resistance to many key fungicides, the lack of replacement fungicides, negative

230 For the fungicide thiabendazole, I50 value was roughly the same

231 imit of detection (LOD) of 63 ppb, while the fungicide thiram was detected down to an estimated LOD o

232 Administration of fungicide to hypersensitive rats reduced their visceral

233 elemental sulfur (S(0)) as a quick-reacting fungicide to prevent damage to crops.

234 ic invader Alliaria petiolata, a nonsystemic fungicide to simulate A. petiolata's effects, or green l

235 The application of fungicides to fruits after harvest to reduce decay has b

236 ethod using QuEChERS extracts of fruits from fungicide-treated crops.

237 Alliaria petiolata and fungicide treatment effects were indistinguishable: we o

238 alenol, on the contrary, were reduced in all fungicide treatments compared to the control.

239 There is an unmet need for new antifungal or fungicide treatments, as resistance to existing treatmen

240 ehavioral expression of sensitization to the fungicide triadimefon.

241 ransformation of seven frequently used azole fungicides (triazoles: cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, flu

242 reductase has a 200-fold larger K(i) for the fungicide tricyclazole than that of trihydroxynaphthalen

243 odies to the Quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide trifloxystrobin.

244 s and young children, the application of the fungicides under study should be carried out 2 or 3 mont

245 degeneration was associated with the wife's fungicide use (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval

246 Transgenes promise to reduce insecticide and fungicide use but relatively little has been done to sig

247 association between retinal degeneration and fungicide use was observed previously among farmer pesti

248 of pesticides and consequent restrictions on fungicide use.

249 rophenethyl)imidazole]) is a systemic chiral fungicide used in postharvest protection of citruses aga

250 riseochromogenes was the first non-mercurial fungicide used on a large scale to prevent rice blast.

251 Triflumizole (TFZ) is an imidazole fungicide used on many food and ornamental crops.

252 Thiabendazole, a systemic fungicide used to treat vegetables and fruits during pos

253 Recoveries of the fungicides varied between 86 and 116%.

254 tudy examined the actions of an agricultural fungicide vinclozolin on gestating female (F0 generation

255 ors had been treated with the antiandrogenic fungicide vinclozolin.

256 find that a single exposure to a common-use fungicide (vinclozolin) three generations removed alters

257 the gene encoding the target protein for DMI fungicides (VvCYP51) was cloned and investigated.

258 Fungicide was applied to half of the seedlings to separa

259 the doses studied (p<0.5), whereas when the fungicide was included in wax as an emulsifiable concent

260 cation, which suggested that the use of this fungicide was safe for humans.

261 The decay of the three fungicides was evaluated using an in-house validated ana

262 ate GPCR candidate target for developing new fungicides was selected.

263 Cu, and Kocide (a micron sized Cu(OH)2-based fungicide) was investigated over 90 days.

264 Fluopyram, a typical phenylamide fungicide, was widely applied to protect fruit vegetable

265 oclonal antibodies to this anilinopyrimidine fungicide were raised for the first time with the aim to

266 Past ambient exposures to pesticides/fungicides were derived from residential history and ind

267 None of the fungicides were found in the European pooled formulae, w

268 However, insecticides and fungicides were rarely detected.

269 s (pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides) were selected (namely, ametryn, amitraz, azo

270 nt crop diseases, but is only treatable with fungicides, which are becoming less effective owing to t

271 crops, control relies on the application of fungicides, which target airborne ascospores.

272 te was the compound most influenced by these fungicides, while diethyl succinate, decanoic acid, beta

273 f chlorothalonil, a polychlorinated aromatic fungicide widely used in agriculture, was investigated u

274 ts of the antibiotic, jinggangmycin (JGM), a fungicide widely used in Asian rice agroecosystems, on r

275 Mixing a single-site acting fungicide with a multi-site acting fungicide delayed the

276 tant strain will already have emerged when a fungicide with a new mode of action is introduced.

277 Rapamycin (sirolimus) is a macrolide fungicide with immunosuppressant properties that is used

278 re a single mutation, affecting binding of a fungicide with the target protein, shifts the sensitivit

279 ructural and functional implications of five fungicides with different modes of action (azoxystrobin,

280 We further show that ideal fungicides with high levels of effectiveness, low rates

281 In particular, we found that fungicides with particular modes of action increased dis

282 rovides sufficient protection for the tested fungicides, with the exception of tebuconazole and the m

283 farm work, agricultural use of Mn-containing fungicides within 3 km of the residence, residence built

284 cation resulted in application of antibiotic fungicides without adequate testing.