ライフサイエンスコーパス: gamete

1 d after it matures and receives the paternal gamete.

2 locus, with a mutation rate of up to 5% per gamete.

3 umber of replications in lineages leading to gametes.

4 d conceptions in addition to female and male gametes.

5 progenitor cells (SSCs) generate adult male gametes.

6 methylation differences observed between the gametes.

7 e segregation errors that generate aneuploid gametes.

8 mating frequencies of three-point codominant gametes.

9 genome integrity, is transmitted through the gametes.

10 croorganisms, without the involvement of the gametes.

11 predominance of mitochondrial respiration in gametes.

12 d minimally-developed gonads that lacked any gametes.

13 the creation of genetically diverse haploid gametes.

14 increases the average fitness of a father's gametes.

15 ion that underlies the production of haploid gametes.

16 st parent-specific epigenetic marking in the gametes.

17 erational effects are inherited via parental gametes.

18 cells that act cooperatively to produce male gametes.

19 amily is to protect the genomic integrity of gametes.

20 ion of nonrecombinant chromosomes to haploid gametes.

21 t formation and crossing over, and aneuploid gametes.

22 t biases fertilization in favor of wild-type gametes.

23 tion, which are essential to produce healthy gametes.

24 ly complete meiosis, but generate few viable gametes.

25 he specialized tissue that generates haploid gametes.

26 erile recipient fish and generate functional gametes.

27 s, thereby ensuring the genomic integrity of gametes.

28 sage imbalance and DNA demethylation of male gametes.

29 but fewer display codispersal of compatible gametes.

30 tate to consolidate the formation of haploid gametes.

31 and stigma, male and female gametophytes and gametes.

32 ranscripts, providing early access to future gametes.

33 y, distinct from the one involving unreduced gametes.

34 ic transcriptional states established in the gametes.

35 s complex developmental programs to generate gametes.

36 g underlying the epigenetic reprogramming of gametes.

37 ulminate in the production of mature, viable gametes.

38 are regulated to ensure formation of euploid gametes.

39 s allow diploid organisms to produce haploid gametes: (1) homologous chromosomes (homologs) pair and

40 m release from the pollen tube to the female gametes, a critical barrier to interspecific hybridizati

41 In pregametes, gametes and dark-inactivated gametes, aCRY is localized over the cell body.

42 d in ectosomes released from flagella during gamete activation.

43 fere with sexual fitness via the movement of gametes among the modules that comprise the clone.

44 fertilization, is also present in the female gamete and capable of modulating key sperm Ca(2+) channe

45 findings demonstrate that the second female gamete and its sexually derived endosperm regulate early

46 Our findings provide important insights into gamete and zygote activity in plants, and our RNA-seq tr

47 uld be deemed "direct exposure" to F1 and F2 gametes and also include subsequent multiple nonexposed

48 aterality determination and the transport of gametes and cerebrospinal fluid.

49 The difficulties of collecting isolated gametes and consequent low recovery of RNA have restrict

50 In pregametes, gametes and dark-inactivated gametes, aCRY is localized

51 lleles of TUP5 caused a reduced viability of gametes and embryo lethality, possibly caused by insuffi

52 The reprogramming of epigenetic states in gametes and embryos is essential for correct development

53 Coupling the production of mature gametes and fertilized zygotes to favorable nutritional

54 e fundamental process that produces balanced gametes and generates diversity within species.

55 regulate gene expression in developing male gametes and histone retention in mature spermatozoa, pot

56 is crucial for producing genetically normal gametes and is dependent upon repair of SPO11-induced do

57 ng must travel to avoid competing with other gametes and offspring from the same clone.

58 s able to accurately estimate frequencies of gametes and outperformed the EM algorithm in estimating

59 e defects in cytokinesis may lead to diploid gametes and polyploid offspring.

60 ted at transposable elements, that occurs in gametes and seeds.

61 , genet), and this should decrease distances gametes and sexually produced offspring must travel to a

62 no Y chromosome genes produced haploid male gametes and sired offspring after assisted reproduction.

63 ergenerational transmission', via changes to gametes and the gestational uterine environment.

64 ated by a small group of cells that includes gametes and their progenitors.

65 umulate before fertilization in central cell gametes and thereafter in embryo-surrounding endosperm c

66 lly devoid of DNA methylation in both mature gametes and throughout pre-implantation development.

67 ta to produce morphologically differentiated gametes and to engage in sexual reproduction has implica

68 ted control regions (ICRs) is established in gametes and, although largely preserved through developm

69 nas pCRY is down-regulated in pregametes and gametes, and in the pcry mutant, there is altered transc

70 as they deliver the male germ line to female gametes, and it has been proposed that mechanosensitive

71 that later contributes to differentiation of gametes, and the second restricts the regulatory influen

72 ) represent the exclusive progenitors of the gametes, and their loss results in adult infertility.

73 Unreduced gametes are also frequently involved in interspecific hy

74 r transmission through meiosis, when haploid gametes are created from a diploid parent.

75 are unipotent gamete precursors, and mature gametes are highly differentiated, specialized cells.

76 To enact drive, all gametes are poisoned, whereas only those that inherit wt

77 er to undertake its program in which haploid gametes are produced from diploid precursor cells.

78 fter fertilization, to initiate development, gametes are reprogramed to become totipotent.

79 These gametes are subsequently regenerated as doubled-haploid

80 Both types of gamete arise from the same precursor, the germ cells.

81 In flowering plants, male gametes arise via meiosis of diploid pollen mother cells

82 gorithm and binomial analysis of three-point gametes (BAT) for estimating gamete frequencies from F2

83 es were transmitted via both male and female gametes, but homozygous mutants were never recovered.

84 o meiosis II lead to aneuploid and polyploid gametes, but the regulatory mechanisms controlling this

85 possible step in the evolution of dimorphic gametes, but this idea has not been tested.

86 the pollen grain and are delivered to female gametes by a pollen tube.

87 t export from the intestine to production of gametes by the germline.

88 a meiotic mishap, we suggest that unreduced gametes can be more explicitly considered as a mechanism

89 eoretical work predicts genetic linkage of a gamete cell-size regulatory gene(s) to an ancestral mati

90 of reproductive organs and generation of the gamete cells.

91 Out of several conserved genes in a minus gamete cluster, we focused on Cre06.g280600, an ortholog

92 pens the "selective arena" within which male gametes compete for fertilization.

93 results suggest that intrasexual gametophyte/gamete competition may play a role in determining mating

94 tified that in the unstressed wild-type male gamete containing pollen of flowering plants, and analog

95 at the first meiotic division, resulting in gametes containing the correct chromosome number.

96 re it is necessary for the disruption of the gamete-containing parasitophorous vacuole membrane, and

97 se findings highlight the importance of male gamete cytoplasmic components to reproductive success an

98 ed microtubules indicates that the increased gamete death after IR is innate to fission yeast.

99 chromosome fragmentation, missegregation and gamete death.

100 fish genes that bias their transmission into gametes, defying Mendelian inheritance.

101 of imprints is the choice of which sites of gamete-derived methylation to maintain in the zygote and

102 Inheritance of DNA methylation states from gametes determines genomic imprinting in mammals.

103 s reprogrammed to control sexually dimorphic gamete development in a multicellular descendant.

104 stage-specific depletion uncovered roles in gamete development, fertilization, and ookinete-to-oocys

105 ts (IRTs) that encode proteins essential for gamete development.

106 Gamete differentiation initiates the transition from the

107 s are required for germ cell maintenance and gamete differentiation.

108 tance signals, (3) adults or their surrogate gamete dispersers are highly mobile, or (4) the two sexe

109 and packaging of the single-copy genome into gametes during the second meiotic division is coordinate

110 n, allele-specific DNA methylomes from mouse gametes, early embryos, and primordial germ cell (PGC),

111 Instead, MTRAP is essential for gamete egress from erythrocytes, where it is necessary f

112 NA methylation (DNAme) profiles of zebrafish gametes, embryos at different stages, and somatic muscle

113 ene expression landscape for flowering plant gametes, enabling the identification of specific gametic

114 lly well transmitted through male and female gametes, even though 90% of them were within active gene

115 manipulate the extent to which their haploid gametes experience selection.

116 hought to function solely as spermatia (male gametes), facilitating gene flow between sympatric strai

117 known to be important for P. berghei female gamete fertility, is shown to serve a different function

118 ocytes in the vertebrate host and subsequent gamete fertilization in mosquitoes is essential for the

119 le mating locus genes in sexual development, gamete fitness and reproductive success.

120 ed role in flagella, SAS6L was absent during gamete flagellum formation.

121 tion levels in plus versus minus mating type gametes followed by chloroplast DNA hypermethylation in

122 ria transmission relies on the production of gametes following ingestion by a mosquito.

123 average number of deleterious mutations per gamete for both nearly recessive and additive alleles in

124 ation would enable the production of healthy gametes for infertile couples.

125 y which a diploid cell gives rise to haploid gametes for sexual reproduction.

126 lted in a greater than 70% reduction in male gamete formation and completely prevented oocyst formati

127 ir is essential for crossing-over and viable gamete formation and requires removal of Spo11-oligonucl

128 locking potential, as shown by in vitro male gamete formation assays and reduced oocyst infection and

129 ACT-451840 potently prevented male gamete formation from the gametocyte stage with a 50% in

130 cascade of events leading to asexual female gamete formation in an apomictic plant.

131 Thus, although unreduced gamete formation may be a meiotic mishap, we suggest tha

132 During gamete formation, crossover recombination must occur on

133 ternal chromosomes in the first division for gamete formation.

134 iosis is the cellular program that underlies gamete formation.

135 and then differentiate into a multicellular gamete-forming "gametophytic generation." Different popu

136 of three-point gametes (BAT) for estimating gamete frequencies from F2 dominant and codominant marke

137 a powerful method for accurate estimation of gamete frequencies in dominant three-locus system in an

138 Calculation of male and female gamete frequencies is complex for tetraploid species.

139 Production of haploid gametes from diploid progenitor cells is mediated by a s

140 ial stem cells to expand the availability of gametes from genetically desirable sires.

141 of chromosome segregation yield four haploid gametes from one diploid cell.

142 etazoans do not have a germline but generate gametes from pluripotent stem cells in somatic tissues (

143 The derivation of male gametes from stem cells also holds much promise; however

144 Environmental exposures affect gamete function and fertility, but the mechanisms are po

145 germ-cell fate, urogenital development, and gamete functions.

146 -like domain that is absolutely required for gamete fusion [3, 4].

147 gle-pass transmembrane protein HAP2 mediates gamete fusion and is remarkably similar to class II fusi

148 t cell differentiation and are essential for gamete fusion at fertilization.

149 ssed in the egg cell and redundantly control gamete fusion during double fertilization.

150 L SPECIFIC 1 (HAP2/GCS1) proteins results in gamete fusion failure in diverse organisms, but their ex

151 evious studies suggesting a role for HAP2 in gamete fusion in other systems.

152 The molecular mechanism triggering gamete fusion is unresolved because both Izumo1 and Juno

153 hat many eukaryotic organisms share a common gamete fusion mechanism.

154 to function in cellular communication during gamete fusion, immunity reaction, and pathogen recogniti

155 ant spermatozoa, however, could not complete gamete fusion, which is a characteristic of all spe-9 cl

156 shown by gene disruption to be essential for gamete fusion.

157 loop by mutagenesis or by antibodies blocks gamete fusion.

158 velop from vegetative cells rather than from gamete fusion.

159 These results demonstrate that HAP2 is the gamete fusogen and suggest a mechanism of action akin to

160 of taxa and is hypothesized to be an ancient gamete fusogen.

161 Unreduced gametes (gametes with the somatic chromosome number) are

162 damage, thereby protecting the integrity of gamete genomes that are passed on to the next generation

163 onomously to the epigenetic landscape of the gamete genomes.

164 sible to investigate the effects of specific gamete genotypes.

165 omes in segregating populations derived from gametes (half-tetrads).

166 esting that the ability to produce unreduced gametes has evolutionary utility.

167 tse vector and involves meiosis, but haploid gametes have not yet been identified.

168 In sexual species, gametes have to find and recognize one another.

169 ination to produce unreduced male and female gametes (i.e. apomeiosis).

170 osha conditional knockout (cKO) mice produce gametes (i.e. sperm and oocytes) partially deficient in

171 in goal of this research was to test whether gamete identity has an effect on the fitness of their di

172 The C. elegans germline generates gametes in an assembly line-like process-mitotic divisio

173 enerate daughter cells in mitosis or haploid gametes in meiosis.

174 % of recipient larvae and produce functional gametes in the resulting adult chimeric fish.

175 fe of a genome, once during the formation of gametes in their parents and once after their union at f

176 an pluripotent stem cells to germline cells (gametes) in vitro.

177 hromosome segregation that produce aneuploid gametes increase dramatically as women age, a phenomenon

178 nd transferred to subsequent generations via gametes inheritance.

179 mothallism favors universal compatibility of gametes instead of traditionally believed haploid selfin

180 A new study on gamete interaction in plants has identified the first pr

181 ng of the processes of sperm cell reception, gamete interaction, their pre-fertilization activation a

182 complete inventory of molecules required for gamete interactions.

183 The differentiation of the female gamete into a developmentally competent oocyte relies on

184 efers to events required for transition of a gamete into an embryo, including establishment of the po

185 volves the fusion of male and female haploid gametes into a diploid cell.

186 onad in turn ensure that the sex appropriate gamete is produced.

187 Cell-cell fusion between gametes is a defining step during development of eukaryo

188 duplication through the formation of diploid gametes is a major route for polyploidization, speciatio

189 The merger of two gametes is achieved through a two-step mechanism in whic

190 This within-clone movement of gametes is expected to reduce sexual fitness via mate li

191 Dimorphism of the two adjacent gametes is mechanistically established in the syncytial

192 Meiosis, the mechanism of creating haploid gametes, is a complex cellular process observed across s

193 Using synteny and a large number of F2 gametes, Iw1 was fine-mapped to a sub-cM genetic interva

194 al, overlapping transcripts to encode both a gamete-killing poison and an antidote to the poison.

195 wtf4 as one of these genes that acts to kill gametes (known as spores in yeast) that do not inherit t

196 tatively propagated, we observed that female gametes lacking the RH102I10-associated CNV were inferio

197 gly, the number of cell divisions within the gamete lineage is nearly independent of both life span a

198 Gamete manipulation has yielded haploid embryonic stem (

199 The final stages of female gamete maturation occur in the virtual absence of transc

200 ng RNAs that suppress transposons and enable gamete maturation.

201 ween diploids and tetraploids, and unreduced gametes may facilitate diploid-tetraploid reproduction.

202 gamete production, suggesting that unreduced gametes may facilitate polyploid speciation in response

203 shown by gene disruption to be essential for gamete membrane adhesion.

204 st cell invasion by the malaria parasite and gamete membrane fusion at fertilization.

205 conserved protein HAP2 (GCS1) functioned in gamete membrane fusion in the unicellular green alga Chl

206 the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the gamete membrane fusion reaction.

207 o structural information is available on how gamete membranes interact at fertilization, and it is un

208 f nuclear fusion is required for two haploid gamete nuclei to form a zygote.

209 Nuclear DNA in the male gamete of sexually reproducing animals is organized as s

210 Production of gametes of halved ploidy for sexual reproduction require

211 cognized native Pfs25 on the surface of live gametes of P. falciparum and demonstrated complete malar

212 During fertilization in eukaryotes, gametes of the opposite sex undergo a complex series of

213 ence and systematically pair the recombinant gametes of two intercrossed natural genomes into an arra

214 to the same genomic regions in other sets of gametes or diploid individuals.

215 d wind- or water-driven passive dispersal of gametes, or sluggish or sedentary adult life habits in t

216 be made to other genomic regions of the same gametes, or to the same genomic regions in other sets of

217 We also consider how oogamy (a large female gamete packed with mitochondria) alters selection on the

218 In flowering plants, two pairs of gametes participate in double fertilization.

219 ing equal representation of genotypes in the gamete pool.

220 d cell is specified as the premeiotic female gamete precursor.

221 fective for RDR6 share identity with ectopic gamete precursors found in selected ecotypes.

222 se relies on the specification of premeiotic gamete precursors from sporophytic cells in the ovule.

223 of AGO9 varies among ecotypes, and abnormal gamete precursors in ovules defective for RDR6 share ide

224 Developing germ cells are unipotent gamete precursors, and mature gametes are highly differe

225 netically affect the specification of female gamete precursors.

226 ing that control the specification of female gamete precursors.

227 lization events, it is unknown whether plant gametes prevent polyspermy by a fast block.

228 tep-wise cohesin removal result in aneuploid gametes, preventing the generation of healthy embryos.

229 Unreduced gametes produced by first division restitution mechanism

230 Heritable genetic variation for unreduced gamete production has been observed, thereby providing a

231 erating germline stem cells is essential for gamete production in Caenorhabditis elegans.

232 seasons in the north and reduced periods for gamete production in the south certainly have the potent

233 s and epididymal sperm counts (indicators of gamete production) contained a higher P:C ratio (1:1) th

234 nvironmental stress often triggers unreduced gamete production, suggesting that unreduced gametes may

235 osomes during meiosis I to reduce ploidy for gamete production.

236 ins involved in the formation of flagellated gametes; proteins involved in DNA replication, chromatin

237 es variation, allowing selection to optimize gamete quality through somatic gametogenesis.

238 tween early-sequestered oocytes, undermining gamete quality.

239 g types that bypasses the production of male gametes, raises interesting questions regarding the evol

240 er these findings suggest nonrandom union of gametes rather than meiotic drive or preferential lethal

241 ding domain is necessary for human and mouse gamete recognition and penetration through the zona pell

242 , the mechanism elucidating species-specific gamete recognition likely exists in mammals.

243 The sperm gene bindin encodes a gamete recognition protein, which plays an important rol

244 llucida surrounds ovulated eggs and mediates gamete recognition that is essential for mammalian ferti

245 he taxon specificity observed in human-mouse gamete recognition.

246 n be used to create in vitro models to study gamete-related diseases in humans.

247 lock mechanisms to ensure accurate timing of gamete release are largely unknown.

248 strongly supports the hypothesis that coral gamete release is achieved by a complex array of potenti

249 signaling cascades that ultimately result in gamete release.

250 corresponds to the period immediately before gamete release.

251 Production of healthy gametes requires a reductional meiosis I division in whi

252 The formation of healthy gametes requires pairing of homologous chromosomes (homo

253 The fusion of two gametes restores the original ploidy in the new generati

254 Unreduced gametes result from a plethora of different mechanisms a

255 on across the genome when compared with both gamete samples.

256 ility of a low frequency of recombination or gamete selection in this region.

257 The variance and the mean of gamete size (volume) of each mating type measured agree

258 Gamete size actually takes only discrete values here.

259 responsiveness, sperm dispersal capacity and gamete size all contribute to the mediation of the direc

260 Differences in gamete size between the two mating types underlie sexual

261 ammalian sperm and oocytes, characterized by gamete-specific 5-methylcytosine (5mC) patterns, are rep

262 stions regarding the evolutionary origins of gamete-specific functions in sexually dimorphic species.

263 Without male gamete-specific fusion protein HAP2/GSC1, pores fail to

264 blue light of the strictly light-dependent, gamete-specific gene GAS28 pCRY acts as a negative regul

265 HAP2, a male-gamete-specific protein conserved across vast evolutiona

266 HAP2 is the sole gamete-specific protein in any system that is broadly co

267 n among sperm/pollen or meiotic drive during gamete/spore production.

268 s a specialized cell division that generates gametes, such as eggs and sperm.

269 roband, whereas mosaicism also affecting the gametes, such as germline or gonosomal mosaicism, is tra

270 ryonic cells necessary for the production of gametes, termed the small micromeres.

271 nce for a mechanism at the level of the male gamete that contributes to the sexual dimorphism in EAE

272 ond division restitution and produce diploid gametes that are highly homozygous.

273 it gene of the ATP synthase generated viable gametes that fuse and form ookinetes but cannot progress

274 erm cells (PGCs), precursors of sex-specific gametes that produce an entire organism upon fertilizati

275 interact and fuse with two dimorphic female gametes (the egg and the central cell) forming the major

276 g plants produce two highly dimorphic female gametes, the egg cell and central cell.

277 a possible role in flagella assembly in male gametes, the only flagellated stage.

278 Meiosis produces haploid gametes through a succession of chromosomal events, incl

279 nd produce millions of genetically identical gametes throughout a population.

280 unction of these maternal factors during the gamete to embryo transition remains poorly understood.

281 a prominent "zinc spark." The ability of the gamete to mount a zinc spark response was meiotic-stage

282 c species and involves the fusion of haploid gametes to form a diploid cell that subsequently undergo

283 tosines independent of passive dilution from gametes to four-cell embryos.

284 s diploid fathers to mask mutations in their gametes to the maximum extent possible, whenever masking

285 d chromosome alignment/segregation in female gametes to try to understand the origin of errors of ooc

286 n germ-line nucleus, allowing differentiated gametes to unleash a totipotent program following fertil

287 ylation and chromatin modifications, via the gametes (transgenerational epigenetic inheritance).

288 However, upon gamete union at fertilization, their genomes drive a tot

289 edentary adult life habits in the absence of gamete vectors, appear to be incompatible with sustained

290 f rearranged chromosomes associates with low gamete viability, which compromises fruit set and decrea

291 pment, indicating that TAF1 is important for gamete viability.

292 dvancing age exerts detrimental effects upon gametes which can have serious consequences upon embryo

293 ctive Halimeda where they consume the alga's gametes, which are resource rich but are chemically defe

294 ategies to increase the genetic diversity of gametes, which should prove useful in plant breeding and

295 mens produce pollen grains that contain male gametes, while the carpels contain the ovules that when

296 essential to ensuring that meiosis produces gametes with the correct number of chromosomes.

297 Unreduced gametes (gametes with the somatic chromosome number) are known to

298 germline genome editing on human embryos and gametes, with appropriate oversight and consent from don

299 ic stages of Plasmodium falciparum including gametes, zygotes and ookinetes, is one of the primary ta

300 generated RNA-seq transcriptome profiles of gametes, zygotes, and apical and basal daughter cells.