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1  rice through both pollen- and seed-mediated gene flow.
2 non-African modern human populations through gene flow.
3 ss the planet through host interbreeding and gene flow.
4 to the data than a bifurcating model without gene flow.
5 ce currents) formulate physical pathways for gene flow.
6 ted hybridization rates and the direction of gene flow.
7 ted by suitable habitat that does not impede gene flow.
8 orical trends, including reduced north-south gene flow.
9 n facilitating long-distance pollen-mediated gene flow.
10 lly in the case of speciation in the face of gene flow.
11  and sex-biased dispersal in post-speciation gene flow.
12 this species is associated with a restricted gene flow.
13 rent zoogeographical zones and low levels of gene flow.
14 opographic complexity and rivers restricting gene flow.
15 n River, Ecoregions and land cover) impacted gene flow.
16 ket vegetation was correlated with increased gene flow.
17 environment presents few obvious barriers to gene flow.
18 tion has occurred, and potential barriers to gene flow.
19 tion size, diversity, metabolic outputs, and gene flow.
20 pology, which in turn should affect rates of gene flow.
21 ucture among adults suggests high historical gene flow.
22 ither assess IBD or the landscape effects on gene flow.
23 outheast Asia, documenting patterns of viral gene flow.
24  we uncovered reflects long-term patterns of gene flow.
25 eographic barriers were more likely restrict gene flow.
26  additional effects of landscape elements on gene flow.
27 posed of subpopulations (demes) connected by gene flow.
28 g to large apparent geographical barriers to gene flow.
29 itive and negative) overrules low interslope gene flow.
30 c mtDNA differentiation results from ongoing gene flow.
31 dominant outcrossing and few restrictions to gene flow.
32 ng ecological tradeoffs, induces barriers to gene flow.
33 erences can remain stable in the face of low gene flow.
34 tenance of species divergence in the face of gene flow.
35 mine evidence for unobserved immigration and gene flow.
36 ith a few exceptions that indicated sporadic gene flow.
37 sulting from predominantly European paternal gene flow.
38 omesticated rice by continuous and extensive gene flow.
39 ed from effects of immigration and resulting gene flow.
40 es-specific contributions to pollen-mediated gene flow.
41 more genetically similar, indicating ongoing gene flow.
42 ue to spatial variation in genetic drift and gene flow.
43 e size, growth rate, and timing or amount of gene flow.
44 ore isolated, populations, suggesting little gene flow.
45 actions, which could impact reproduction and gene-flow.
46 e), a model for contemporary speciation-with-gene-flow.
47  rapidly with increasing distances; however, gene flow (0.03 to 0.04) was detected up to 50 m.
48                     The highest frequency of gene flow (0.43 to 0.60) was observed at </=0.5 m from t
49 hat maintain distinctiveness despite ongoing gene flow [2].
50                           In the presence of gene flow, a phylogeny cannot be described by a tree but
51       Asymmetric migration and high level of gene flow across a long distance within the OC group was
52 , we evaluated potential correlates of viral gene flow across anatomical compartments.
53 n influence the dynamics of colonization and gene flow across climatic gradients, potentially increas
54                                              Gene flow across environments has two conflicting effect
55 flowering times and therefore an increase in gene flow across latitudes as the climate warms.
56 tifying the postcolonial sex-biased European gene flow across multiple regions.
57 observations of the existence of barriers to gene flow Africa-wide with southern population significa
58 terozygosity, effective population sizes and gene flow all declined with increasing elevation, result
59 nia populations are only weakly connected by gene flow, allowing reproductive barriers to accumulate
60 ages were complex, involving either repeated gene flow among geographically disparate groups or a lin
61  and Yangtze River, as a result contemporary gene flow among L. auriculata populations showed drastic
62 lion generations ago, coupled with only rare gene flow among lineage groups, validates this system as
63 ample of speciation in the face of recurrent gene flow among lineages and where biogeography, habitat
64 uences (n = 77 specimens) revealed extensive gene flow among mitochondrial haplogroups, confirming a
65 em, high genetic exclusivity, and restricted gene flow among mountain ranges.
66 re of G. carolinianum in China, as continued gene flow among populations should eventually increase g
67 including species limits and a high level of gene flow among populations within species.
68 ear admixture indicated strong male-mediated gene flow among populations.
69 tructure at neutral loci reflected extensive gene flow among populations.
70 year-round distribution suggest very limited gene flow among the three taxa.
71 ximity of these islands, there is restricted gene flow among them.
72                            We show that both gene flow and "culture flow" among populations on the Hi
73  between which there is an initial period of gene flow and a subsequent period of isolation.
74     To better understand migration patterns, gene flow and adaptation in invaded regions, we studied
75                                     Based on gene flow and approximate Bayesian computation analyses,
76 he species' range, indicating high levels of gene flow and confirming previous findings using neutral
77  for floral traits that reduce interspecific gene flow and contribute to prezygotic isolation, potent
78 ironmental factors either permit or restrict gene flow and create opportunities for regional adaptati
79 ated results demonstrated that under limited gene flow and enough separation time, we could correctly
80 ults suggest that population structure, high gene flow and environmental conditions have favored the
81 ividuals of a species, leading to restricted gene flow and eventual speciation.
82 We tested this hypothesis by the analysis of gene flow and genetic structure within and among populat
83 gate and exchange members, thus facilitating gene flow and inbreeding avoidance.
84 is study, we compared the genetic diversity, gene flow and population structure of two octocoral spec
85 embled foragers and that only after regional gene flow and rising heterogeneity did the farming popul
86  plasticity, the relative scale of effective gene flow and the environmental dependency of selection.
87  IIM model, which also allows for asymmetric gene flow and unequal population sizes.
88 e modern population, indicative of extensive gene flow and virtually affecting all regions except Eas
89 ergence took place in the face of continuous gene flow and whether hybridization between the terminal
90 nce of population structure, suggesting high gene flow and/or a large effective population size; inde
91 (e.g., theta = 4Nemu, population divergence, gene flow), and the widespread availability of genomic d
92 st of dispersal and few physical barriers to gene flow, and can thus support large populations.
93 t implications for models of speciation with gene flow, and offer insights into how pathogens may ada
94 the interplay between chromosomal structure, gene flow, and, ultimately, speciation.
95              Overall, historical patterns of gene flow appeared more complex, though again southwest
96  of heterozygosity, long- and short-distance gene flow, archaic admixture, and changes in effective p
97           In addition, allelic diversity and gene flow are partitioned by latitude.
98 ing cultural and/or geographical barriers to gene flow as differential criteria.
99 h the functioning of an effective barrier to gene flow as revealed by demographic inferences.
100 vers of non-random patterns of interspecific gene flow (asymmetrical hybridization) remain poorly und
101 sity, genealogical relationships, structure, gene flow barriers, and the spatiotemporal evolution of
102 n by isolating its effect after the onset of gene flow between allopatric populations.
103  revealed a deep divergence and little or no gene flow between Apis and Bombus gut symbionts.
104  observed, suggesting mechanisms restricting gene flow between clades.
105 ix millennia, although there is evidence for gene flow between cultivated and sympatric wild populati
106 yses, it is becoming increasingly clear that gene flow between divergent taxa can generate new phenot
107 genetic variation has the potential to limit gene flow between diverging populations of a species.
108 verall, shallow P. astreoides exhibited high gene flow between Florida and USVI, but limited gene flo
109  the migration across the river and thus the gene flow between G. pulex upstream and downstream.
110 ose phenotypes causally involved in reducing gene flow between incipient species), drawing an explici
111 ion pheromones are not capable of preventing gene flow between lineages.
112                      Therefore, Y chromosome gene flow between members of the gambiae complex is poss
113                We find evidence of recurrent gene flow between oceanic and freshwater ecotypes where
114                                              Gene flow between phenotypically divergent populations c
115 signal of adaptive divergence in the face of gene flow between populations growing on and off phytoto
116 pe acts as a "genetic bridge" that increases gene flow between populations living on different hosts.
117 curs through multiple barriers that restrict gene flow between populations, but their origins remain
118 wi, and Mozambique revealed a restriction of gene flow between populations, in line with the geograph
119 y the establishment of mechanisms that limit gene flow between populations.
120  population structure also indicated reduced gene flow between southwest Britain and northwest France
121         Hybrid incompatibility (HI) prevents gene flow between species, thus lying at the heart of sp
122 ecrease the fitness of hybrids and can limit gene flow between species.
123 n as spermatia, conidia thus act to maximise gene flow between sympatric strains, including those ori
124 ly as spermatia (male gametes), facilitating gene flow between sympatric strains.
125 lation size and genetic diversity, and infer gene flow between the identified subpopulations.
126                                   Restricted gene flow between the two major IYSV genotypes further e
127 iable hybrid seeds with A. arenosa, enabling gene flow between the two species.
128 ed distinct if reproductive barriers prevent gene flow between them.
129  of present-day Inuit, with evidence of past gene flow between these lineages.
130 e flow between Florida and USVI, but limited gene flow between these locations and Bermuda.
131 rent model species has led to a breakdown in gene flow between these two populations.
132 us, we provide the first genomic evidence of gene flow between this pair of species in natural popula
133          The Nullarbor Plain is a barrier to gene flow between two deep lineages of T. submersa that
134 her localities displayed evidence of reduced gene flow between watershed boundaries.
135 al, and genetic data suggests that long-term gene flow between wild and domestic stocks was much more
136  for eastern and western groups with ongoing gene-flow between them, plausibly explaining the strikin
137 ly on inter-habitat connectivity to maintain gene flow, biodiversity and ecosystem resilience.
138 len dispersal in these models, which affects gene flow but not directly colonization.
139 an intermittent and unpredictable barrier to gene flow, but that variation in its strength can have a
140 tance among 18 populations, and contemporary gene flow by the estimation of recent migration rates am
141 crosatellite markers, we assessed historical gene flow by the quantification of regional-scale geneti
142 ons than in others: for example, barriers to gene flow can accelerate differentiation between neighbo
143 tation, genetic drift, natural selection and gene flow, can provide the foundation for macroevolution
144  to test the phenotypic effects of increased gene flow caused by replicated introductions of adaptive
145                           In the presence of gene flow, chromosomal rearrangements such as inversions
146 volution (i.e., selective breeding, assisted gene flow, conditioning or epigenetic programming, and t
147                            A formal test for gene flow confirmed secondary contact, showing that a re
148  Life history traits promoting dispersal and gene flow continue to shape population genetic structure
149                                              Gene flow correlates with the spread of epidemiologicall
150 vironment varies across space, "swamping" by gene flow creates a positive feedback between low popula
151 ection helps maintain species in the face of gene flow, despite a polygenic basis for adaptation to d
152  improved the understanding of the impact of gene flow/drift on the evolution of high-altitude Himala
153 el is commonly used to make inferences about gene flow during speciation, using polymorphism data.
154 tic isolation could allow ongoing interploid gene flow, especially among higher order polyploids, whi
155 ween Africa and the Indian Ocean led to some gene flow even further afield, into Iran, Pakistan and I
156 bilities play a significant role in limiting gene flow even in young species.
157  that this connection can be attributed to a gene flow event that occurred less than 1.4 kilo-years a
158      Our analysis provides a timeline of the gene flow events that have generated the contemporary ge
159    This study shows that within the MMF, AIV gene flow favors spread along the migratory corridor wit
160 urian-Thyrrenian barrier seem to be impeding gene flow for I. fasciculata, adding population divergen
161 l pollination mediates both reproduction and gene flow for the majority of plant species across the g
162 occurred along a highland route, followed by gene flow from a lowland coastal maize beginning at leas
163                                 Frequency of gene flow from all distances, directions, and years was
164 has recently been suggested as the result of gene flow from an African source into Neanderthals befor
165 tion network analysis, we also find that the gene flow from Anatolia to Europe was through Dodecanese
166  the phylogenetic status of aurochs, whether gene flow from aurochs into early domestic populations o
167 r European populations, supporting localized gene flow from aurochs into the ancestors of modern Brit
168  there is a distinct geographical pattern of gene flow from aus, indica, and japonica varieties into
169 enotypes can be maintained despite extensive gene flow from divergent populations.
170                         We found that recent gene flow from Europe has had a substantial impact on th
171 ported than a single pulse of unidirectional gene flow from farmers to Pygmies, as previously suggest
172  pattern is significantly biased towards the gene flow from G. hirsutum into G. barbadense.
173                                     However, gene flow from GE forest plantations is a large source o
174  chromosome as providing evidence for recent gene flow from India into Australia.
175                                    Extensive gene flow from introductions occurred in all streams, ye
176 ture from aus and indica is more recent than gene flow from japonica, possibly consistent with an ear
177 They also (iv) support previous estimates of gene flow from Neanderthals into modern Eurasians.
178  in A. arenosa in the context of substantial gene flow from nearby off-serpentine populations of A. a
179 t SLC24A5 was introduced into East Africa by gene flow from non-Africans.
180 e rates of hybridization (> 25%), asymmetric gene flow from Q. durata into Q. berberidifolia, and a h
181 a bioclimes, with evidence of unidirectional gene flow from savanna to forest strains.
182 European populations and evidence of ancient gene flow from Siberia into Europe.
183 ified secondary contact, with unidirectional gene flow from South Africa to Angola.
184 g through a "recovery cascade" of asymmetric gene flow from South to North between neighboring subpop
185 a of two kinds have been proposed to support gene flow from the Indian subcontinent to Australia at t
186                                              Gene flow from the MA-1 lineage into Native American anc
187  an average depth of 14.4x and show that the gene flow from the Siberian Upper Palaeolithic Mal'ta po
188  (2,319-2,603) and experienced no detectable gene flow from their geographic neighbors in Pakistan or
189 tive American ancestry may originate through gene flow from this ancient population.
190  (past 10,000 years) associated with limited gene flow from this region to the rest of Australia, con
191 kely counteracted the homogenizing effect of gene flow from wild boars and created 'islands of domest
192       We also find evidence that significant gene-flow from east to west Eurasia must have occurred e
193 ion pressures from herbivores, long distance gene flow, genome properties, and lack of research.
194 ce-based approach that incorporates climate, gene flow, habitat configuration, and microhabitat compl
195  genetic technologies to mitigate or prevent gene flow has been discussed widely and should be techni
196                                              Gene flow has been on-going, with evidence of gene excha
197 cted of a ring species, historical breaks in gene flow have existed at more than one location around
198 eographic structure shows both isolation and gene flow have shaped genetic diversity in village dog p
199 d ecological niche modeling in understanding gene flow history.
200 e a comprehensive and efficient workflow for gene flow identification in genomic data sets.
201                            Here we show that gene flow in a diatom, an ecologically important eukaryo
202 re, we provide empirical evidence for global gene flow in a marine eukaryotic microbe, suggesting tha
203 rstanding demographic trends and patterns of gene flow in an endangered species is crucial for devisi
204  using three methods designed to investigate gene flow in autosome-wide genotype data from 3,528 unre
205 n evolutionary biology; however, the role of gene flow in dispersal of herbicide-resistant alleles am
206  studies have demonstrated the importance of gene flow in introducing genetic variation to small popu
207 w that the earliest speciation occurred with gene flow in Northern America, and that the ancestor of
208 ation genes' and also restrict interspecific gene flow in secondary sympatry.
209 nterplay of local adaptation, dispersal, and gene flow in the evolution of a widely distributed speci
210  incompatibilities contribute to barriers to gene flow in the hybrid zone.
211                         However, barriers to gene flow in the marine environment are almost never imp
212 erise the structure of genetic diversity and gene-flow in a collection of 48 sub-Saharan African grou
213         Here we assess temporal variation in gene flow, inbreeding, and fitness using longitudinal ge
214 capacity may be gained through interspecific gene flow, including between nonsister species.
215 events that provide evidence of Norse-Viking gene flow into Ireland, and reflect the Ulster Plantatio
216                 The antiquity of Neanderthal gene flow into modern humans means that genomic regions
217                                        Thus, gene flow into populations in warm locations with little
218 nvolving either a second pulse of Neandertal gene flow into the ancestors of East Asians or a dilutio
219 s "good species." Nonetheless, interspecific gene flow involving their tetraploid forms has been desc
220        Strikingly, we also find evidence for gene flow involving three contemporary equine species de
221                                              Gene flow is an important component in evolutionary biol
222                                              Gene flow is critical for this population, and we show t
223 h the populations' geographic locations, but gene flow is detected for other genomic regions.
224     The interplay of divergent selection and gene flow is key to understanding how populations adapt
225                              This barrier to gene flow is likely to impact the design and implementat
226 patric species pairs, suggesting that recent gene flow is not a major factor in their formation.
227 ng A. suturalis populations, which suggested gene flow is not restricted by distance.
228 demographically interconnected by migration, gene flow is often assumed to prevent local adaptation.
229   We also find that bidirectional asymmetric gene flow is statistically better supported than a singl
230                   Ecological speciation with gene flow is widespread in nature [1], but it presents a
231         Theory predicts that speciation-with-gene-flow is more likely when the consequences of select
232 n guppies in as few as ~12 generations after gene flow, likely through a combination of adaptive evol
233 aphic distance was an important influence on gene flow, mainly driven by fine-scale positive spatial
234                                              Gene flow may have occurred via unsampled 'ghost' popula
235 ion, which is a prerequisite for adaptation, gene flow may swamp adaptation to local conditions.
236                             Among-population gene flow might have been reduced following habitat frag
237 t of gene differentiation (Gst) and level of gene flow (Nm) revealed by ISSR were 0.4498, 0.3203, 0.2
238      Multiple lines of evidence suggest that gene flow occurred from bonobos into the ancestors of ce
239 cates that even against a background of high gene flow, ocean acidification is driving individual- an
240 tive exclusion, interspecies protection, and gene flow of adaptive functions in the gut environment m
241    We investigated the genetic structure and gene flow of E. serotinus across the England and contine
242  within forest blocks, their contribution to gene flow on the regional scale seems too limited to cou
243 hips, a feature that may limit intraspecific gene flow or range expansions of closely related host sp
244 ographic partitioning (where distance limits gene flow) or through environmental selection, and remai
245         In both species the vast majority of gene flow originated from sample sites within regions, w
246 h Channel was previously thought to restrict gene flow, our data indicate relatively frequent movemen
247 ment of how climate change will impact coral gene flow Pacific wide.
248 t and, consequently, factors determining the gene flow patterns remain poorly understood for many spe
249                           The legacy of this gene flow persists through Neanderthal-derived variants
250 house experiments to measure pollen-mediated gene flow (PGF) in the absence and presence of pollinato
251                                  Patterns of gene flow play a key role in maintaining genetic homogen
252 Nebraska-Lincoln to quantify pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF) from glyphosate-resistant (GR) to -susc
253 nt was conducted to quantify pollen mediated gene flow (PMGF) from glyphosate-resistant (GR) to glyph
254 n addition, we observed that pollen-mediated gene flow possibly maintained the genetic diversity of o
255 pulations was low, indicating high levels of gene flow, probably due to cross-pollination by bees.
256 e this species' potential for high levels of gene flow, questions have been raised regarding its phyl
257 in time and space suggest that male-mediated gene flow, rather than large-scale dispersals, was impor
258 he fit of phenotypes to local conditions and gene flow reducing that fit.
259  results shed new light on the ways in which gene flow reshaped European populations throughout the N
260                                   Subsequent gene flow resulted in some Native Americans sharing ance
261 astic declines in comparison with historical gene flow, resulting in a high level of population diver
262 ause of this high genetic diversity, various gene flow scenarios (geographical distance along the coa
263         However, theory predicts that higher gene flow should favor more concentrated genomic archite
264 e, early Pliocene, with only a few events of gene flow since then.
265 two native populations prior to the onset of gene flow, six historic introduction sites, introduction
266 m the other populations suggesting effective gene flow soon after its foundation.
267 onary processes-genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow structured by population history and migration
268 9a, CYP6P9b, and CYP6M7, support barriers to gene flow that are shaping the underlying molecular basi
269 ution gaps correlated with highly asymmetric gene-flow that was inefficient in maintaining connectivi
270  In addition, our results show that, despite gene flow, the genomes of domestic pigs have strong sign
271 hat although there is some level of on-going gene flow, the putative species found in the Eastern Nor
272 000 years ago and have remained connected by gene-flow thereafter.
273  nuclear DNA further indicated unanticipated gene flow through the Andes mountains connecting the VBR
274 We find extensive evidence for interspecific gene flow throughout the radiation.
275 f certain regions of the genome and limiting gene flow to the south.
276 ndividual-based genetic simulations to model gene flow under scenarios with varying levels of populat
277  selection, as well as the baseline level of gene flow under various demographic scenarios.
278 , (b) divergence with potentially asymmetric gene flow until some point in the past and in isolation
279 : (a) divergence with potentially asymmetric gene flow until the present, (b) divergence with potenti
280 mptions-including the assumption of constant gene flow until the present.
281 lso found that the amount of recent European gene flow varies across Greenland and is far smaller in
282 was supported by within-population patterns; gene flow was biased towards nearby plants, and signific
283                        However, asymmetrical gene flow was inferred from central populations to margi
284                                              Gene flow was limited to certain nearby populations with
285                        Limited long-distance gene flow was supported by within-population patterns; g
286 populations that includes both isolation and gene flow, we fit models using the joint allele frequenc
287                                   To confirm gene flow, we tested hybrids carrying transgenes for the
288  most significant landscape features shaping gene flow were aspect, vegetation cover, topographic com
289  differentiation might represent barriers to gene flow, while regions of low differentiation might in
290  Peninsula and reveal substantial subsequent gene flow with African palm populations.
291 y humans may have entered the population via gene flow with archaic forms in Eurasia.
292 ic histories that include both isolation and gene flow with neighboring farming populations, our infe
293 ), faster generation times and high rates of gene flow with other populations.
294 ther livestock, which show a long history of gene flow with their wild ancestors, we find a high init
295  with domestication and range expansion, and gene flow with wild relatives.
296  infer the long- and short-term histories of gene flow within and among populations, including range
297 rval dispersal, population connectivity, and gene flow within demersal marine populations.
298 diated transfer on the patterns and rates of gene flow within microbial communities remains unclear.
299                                              Gene flow within this species has maintained high levels
300 eir current geographic region as a result of gene-flow within the last 4000 years.

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