ライフサイエンスコーパス: geranylgeranyl

1 n of mevalonate, the metabolic precursor for geranylgeranyl.

2 Once inside the female, geranylgeranyl acetate is progressively converted to ger

3 minal fluids containing myristyl acetate and geranylgeranyl acetate.

4 ds, we show that PDEdelta specifically binds geranylgeranyl and farnesyl moieties with a Kd of 19.06

5 the isoprenoid of gamma(1) from farnesyl to geranylgeranyl and of gamma(2) from geranylgeranyl to fa

6 In contrast, both the beta1 gamma1-S74L (geranylgeranyl) and the beta1 gamma11-S73L (geranylgeran

7 LCK: myristoyl, palmitoyl, palmitoyl), RhoA (geranylgeranyl), and K-Ras (farnesyl) proteins in differ

8 rivatives of isopentenyl, geranyl, farnesyl, geranylgeranyl, and presqualene.

9 , implying that the product of this gene was geranylgeranyl-bacteriochlorophyll reductase.

10 94 of the RhoGDIalpha are located within the geranylgeranyl binding pocket, suggesting that halothane

11 e K-Ras4B can be alternatively modified with geranylgeranyl (C20).

12 st that halothane binds to a site within the geranylgeranyl chain binding pocket of RhoGDIalpha, wher

13 located in the vicinity of, but outside, the geranylgeranyl chain binding pocket, suggesting that the

14 uble bonds and branched methyl groups of the geranylgeranyl chain significantly restrict the number o

15 Supporting this, N-acetyl-geranylgeranyl cysteine enhanced E193 photolabeling by 3

16 that the cleavage product of the GTPases is geranylgeranyl cysteine methyl ester.

17 Supporting this, N-acetyl-geranylgeranyl cysteine reversed tryptophan quenching by

18 ession, suggesting that the effect of SMV is geranylgeranyl dependent.

19 (geranylgeranyl) and the beta1 gamma11-S73L (geranylgeranyl) dimers were more active than the native

20 A photoprobe analog of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropi

21 complex cyclization-rearrangement of (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (8, GGPP) to a mixture of abi

22 Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) is the prenyl donor fo

23 r for protein geranylgeranylation reactions, geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP), is the product of the

24 ilic substitution reaction between the C(20) geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and a protein-derived

25 of approximately 55 carbons in length using geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and isopentenyl diphos

26 Farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) are branch point inter

27 diphosphates farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) are intermediates in t

28 In plants, farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) are precursors to many

29 hypothesis, the current study identifies C20 geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) as a precursor for lyc

30 alized) metabolism via cycloisomerization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) by diterpene synthases

31 (MpGPS.SSU) on production of monoterpene and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) diversities, and plant

32 LSU produced GPP, farnesyl diphosphate, and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) from dimethylallyl dip

33 PS2) of specialized metabolism that converts geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) into labda-7,13E-dieny

34 Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) is a key precursor of

35 logues suggests that the C-10 locus of bound geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) is in close proximity

36 es a bifunctional farnesyl diphosphate (FPP)/geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase (TgFPPS) that

37 uced elsewhere in the plant cell derive from geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthesized by GGPP sy

38 clization of the linear isoprenoid substrate geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to form taxa-4(5),11(1

39 talyzes the condensation of two molecules of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to give prephytoene di

40 lation of (S)-glyceryl phosphate [(S)-GP] by geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to produce (S)-geranyl

41 ynthase catalyzes the cyclization of (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to taxa-4(5),11(12)-di

42 bon farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), or 20-carbon geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) via a dioxygenase- or

43 phate (GPP), farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) were synthesized.

44 ynthase catalyzes the synthesis of all-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), an isoprenoid used fo

45 te synthase (CPS), whose substrate, (E,E,E,)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), is also a direct prec

46 nthesis, is composed of a chlorin ring and a geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP)-derived isoprenoid, wh

47 est the catalytically active conformation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP).

48 ne synthase-catalyzed cyclization of (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP, 7) to taxadiene (5) is

49 etic evaluation of abietadiene synthase with geranylgeranyl diphosphate and (+)-copalyl diphosphate p

50 l, mechanistically distinct cyclizations, of geranylgeranyl diphosphate and of copalyl diphosphate, i

51 sidues deleted from the preprotein converted geranylgeranyl diphosphate and the intermediate (+)-copa

52 nechocystis sp. PCC 6803 HPT was active with geranylgeranyl diphosphate as a substrate.

53 nant Escherichia coli-expressed protein used geranylgeranyl diphosphate as substrate and catalyzed th

54 ivity of wild-type abietadiene synthase with geranylgeranyl diphosphate as substrate.

55 for renal function, identifying dysregulated geranylgeranyl diphosphate biosynthesis as a potential d

56 Crystallographic analysis of geranylgeranyl diphosphate bound to PFTase shows that th

57 iphosphate, which is made from the all-trans geranylgeranyl diphosphate by copal-8-ol diphosphate syn

58 ps from the universal diterpenoid progenitor geranylgeranyl diphosphate derived by the plastidial met

59 tional class I diTPS PxaTPS8, which converts geranylgeranyl diphosphate into a previously unknown 5,7

60 In M. tuberculosis, however, omega,E,E,E-geranylgeranyl diphosphate is not utilized for the synth

61 decaprenyl diphosphate, and the omega,E,E,E-geranylgeranyl diphosphate is utilized by a membrane-ass

62 fold), and in planta geranyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate levels (4- to 8-fold) were si

63 ZmCCD1 did not cleave geranylgeranyl diphosphate or phytoene but did cleave ot

64 hosphate synthase, shown here to produce the geranylgeranyl diphosphate precursor, providing a critic

65 hesis and forces reevaluation of the role of geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase in tocopherol biosy

66 of modifying the chain length specificity of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (but not, apparently

67 rotein that could be identified as the mouse geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPP synthase) base

68 h-rescue" and enzyme-inhibition experiments, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) is shown to

69 large subunit, which may be either an active geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) or an inacti

70 of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS), the two enz

71 report the inhibition of a human recombinant geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPSase) by 23 bis

72 way by generating combinatorial mutations in geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase and levopimaradiene

73 tional spruce IDS, a geranyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase in white spruce (Pic

74 acts with a catalytic large subunit, such as geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, and determines its

75 e known to serve as inhibitors of the enzyme geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, and their activity

76 In contrast, a strain of E. coli carrying geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, phytoene desaturase

77 including farnesyl diphosphate synthase and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, that catalyzes the

78 Unlike farnesyl diphosphate synthase and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, which are homodimer

79 ics of both geranyl diphosphate synthase and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase.

80 thaliana genome predicts 12 genes to encode geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases (GGPPS).

81 -erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway genes, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases 3 (GGPPS3) and GGPP

82 ll subunit with the phylogenetically distant geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases from Taxus canadens

83 f amino acid sequence identity (56-75%) with geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases of plant origin.

84 eam pathways for isopentenyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthesis and the downstream

85 tive sites, the first for the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (+)-copalyl diphosphate an

86 se residues in catalyzing the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to (+)-copalyl diphosphate.

87 y distinct cyclizations in the conversion of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to a mixture of abietadiene d

88 g diterpene cyclases that together transform geranylgeranyl diphosphate to ent-kaurene, the olefin pr

89 converts the universal diterpenoid precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate to syn-CPP catalyzes the comm

90 ynthesis of Taxol involve the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene fol

91 atalyzes the transfer of a prenyl group from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to the carboxy-terminal cyste

92 oth the protonation-initiated cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to the intermediate (+)-copal

93 hase) for conversion of the acyclic, achiral geranylgeranyl diphosphate to the polycyclic, chiral abi

94 , converts the universal diterpene precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate to the stable bicyclic interm

95 The first reaction converts geranylgeranyl diphosphate to the stable bicyclic interm

96 The Km value of SlGLS for geranylgeranyl diphosphate was 18.7 microm, with a turno

97 ate from the universal diterpenoid precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate was also mapped to this same

98 hway-intermediates, farnesyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate, also reduced endometrial cel

99 ays use [(3)H]farnesyl diphosphate and [(3)H]geranylgeranyl diphosphate, electrophoretic mobility shi

100 ich is produced from the substrate all-trans geranylgeranyl diphosphate, represents a so far unidenti

101 f lipid groups from farnesyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate, respectively, to a cysteine

102 This study suggests that, in osteoclasts, geranylgeranyl diphosphate, the substrate for prenylatio

103 ranyl diphosphate, farnesyl diphosphate, and geranylgeranyl diphosphate, to the parent structures of

104 ega,E,Z-farnesyl diphosphate, or omega,E,E,E-geranylgeranyl diphosphate, with Km values for the allyl

105 or 5',6' bond positions of lycopene but not geranylgeranyl diphosphate, zeta-carotene, or phytoene.

106 oding isoprenoid isopentenyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate-producing enzymes, DXS3, DXR,

107 e formation of both farnesyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate.

108 e bond of the universal diterpene precursor, geranylgeranyl diphosphate.

109 in the cytosol that synthesizes omega,E,E,E-geranylgeranyl diphosphate.

110 e blocked by geranylgeraniol, a precursor of geranylgeranyl diphosphate.

111 aker responses to farnesyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate.

112 the first bifunctional farnesyl-diphosphate/geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase identified in eukary

113 o enzymes, farnesyl-diphosphate synthase and geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase, required for the pr

114 de novo synthesis of phytyl-diphosphate from geranylgeranyl-diphosphate.

115 e inhibitor of the 20S proteasome, prevented geranylgeranyl-enhanced degradation of Rho proteins.

116 Instead, large amounts of geranylgeranyl fatty acid esters, known from various gym

117 1)gamma(2) complex required insertion of the geranylgeranyl group into the prenyl pocket in order to

118 Replacement of the geranylgeranyl group of the gamma2 subunit with farnesyl

119 p) and the beta1gamma2 dimer (containing the geranylgeranyl group) were purified from baculovirus-inf

120 ansferase (Rabggta), an enzyme that attaches geranylgeranyl groups to Rab proteins.

121 say system to detect the attachment of [(3)H]geranylgeranyl groups to Rab was used.

122 Isoprenoids (i.e., farnesyl or geranylgeranyl groups) are attached to cysteine residues

123 Further, inhibitors of the transfer of geranylgeranyl isoprene units to protein targets cause s

124 n either a 15-carbon farnesyl or a 20-carbon geranylgeranyl isoprenoid covalently attached to cystein

125 n either a 15-carbon farnesyl or a 20-carbon geranylgeranyl isoprenoid covalently attached via a thio

126 Posttranslational addition of geranylgeranyl isoprenoid lipids to Rac proteins is requ

127 ase-catalyzed addition of either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprenoid lipids, Rce1-catalyzed endopro

128 nslational modification by both farnesyl and geranylgeranyl isoprenoid lipids.

129 In this study, we focused on the role of geranylgeranyl isoprenoids GGPP and geranylgeraniol (GGO

130 Our studies further demonstrated that geranylgeranyl isoprenoids increase the yield of APP-CTF

131 Our results indicate that geranylgeranyl isoprenoids may be an important physiolog

132 Consistent with this finding, the geranylgeranyl isoprenoids preferentially increase the y

133 Post-translational attachment of geranylgeranyl isoprenoids to Rab GTPases, the key organ

134 ting in the addition of either a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl isoprenyl lipid moiety to the cysteine re

135 ith either a 15-carbon farnesyl or 20-carbon geranylgeranyl isoprenyl lipid, proteolysis of the C-ter

136 These data demonstrate that inhibition of geranylgeranyl isoprenylation of CaaX proteins in the aq

137 RhoB in human TM cells, in part, by limiting geranylgeranyl isoprenylation of these G-proteins.

138 imeric G protein Ggamma1 subunit, as well as geranylgeranyl-Ki-Ras and geranylgeranyl-Rap1b.

139 We found that N-acetyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine (AGGC) and N-acetyl-S-farnesyl

140 l-S-farnesyl-l-cysteine (AFC) and N-acetyl-S-geranylgeranyl-l-cysteine (AGGC) in vitro.

141 th adenosine plus homocysteine or N-acetyl-S-geranylgeranyl-l-cysteine decreased RhoA carboxyl methyl

142 r small molecule substrates (e.g. N-acetyl-S-geranylgeranyl-l-cysteine).

143 -molecule Icmt substrates such as N-acetyl-S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine.

144 e I (GGTase I) catalyzes the attachment of a geranylgeranyl lipid group near the carboxyl terminus of

145 ns are posttranslationally modified with two geranylgeranyl lipid moieties that enable their stable a

146 I) catalyze the attachment of a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl lipid, respectively, near the C-terminus

147 he modification of proteins with farnesyl or geranylgeranyl lipids, a process called protein prenylat

148 r membranes via posttranslationally attached geranylgeranyl lipids.

149 aining chimeric Ggamma chains with identical geranylgeranyl modification displayed rhodopsin affiniti

150 ince these molecules require modification by geranylgeranyl moieties for their cellular localization

151 es not have a preference for the farnesyl or geranylgeranyl moieties in the model substrates N-acetyl

152 y to use farnesol to label both farnesyl and geranylgeranyl moieties on proteins, differentiation spe

153 f either a 15-carbon farnesyl or a 20-carbon geranylgeranyl moiety in vitro.

154 Second, the geranylgeranyl moiety of Cdc42 inserts into a hydrophobi

155 ion inhibitor (RhoGDIalpha), which binds the geranylgeranyl moiety of GDP-bound Rho GTPases.

156 polybasic domain"), directly preceding their geranylgeranyl moiety, and it has been suggested that th

157 ately post-translationally modified with the geranylgeranyl moiety.

158 due in large part to their carboxyl-terminal geranylgeranyl moiety.

159 enzymatic conversion of [(3)H]GG-OH to [(3)H]geranylgeranyl monophosphate and [(3)H]geranylgeranyl py

160 taining hydrophobic modifications other than geranylgeranyl or farnesyl do not bind with significant

161 ine nucleotides and their prenylation with a geranylgeranyl or farnesyl isoprenoid moiety and subsequ

162 t on the C-terminal isoprenoid modification (geranylgeranyl or farnesyl) of these proteins.

163 Switching prenyl groups from farnesyl to geranylgeranyl or vice versa had little effect on bindin

164 h either the gamma(2) subunit (modified with geranylgeranyl) or the gamma(2-L71S) subunit (gamma(2) w

165 dolichyl-P-P, dolichyl-P, farnesyl-P-P, and geranylgeranyl-P-P but also suggest that yeast contain o

166 med by characterization of the hydrolysis of geranylgeranyl-P-P by the purified protein.

167 The retention times for farnesyl-peptide and geranylgeranyl-peptide are 8.4 and 16.9 min, respectivel

168 ults demonstrate that specific inhibition of geranylgeranyl prenylation causes a potent and selective

169 The findings indicate that inhibition of geranylgeranyl prenylation should be further studied as

170 going alternative prenylation by the related geranylgeranyl protein transferase I (GGPTase-I) in huma

171 Farnesyl protein transferase (FTase) or geranylgeranyl protein transferase I (GGTase I) were use

172 recombinant farnesyl protein transferase or geranylgeranyl protein transferase I are performed to co

173 tivity against farnesyl protein transferase, geranylgeranyl protein transferase I, FPP synthase, or G

174 racterized potent and specific inhibitors of geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type I (GGPTase I), a

175 ng little inhibitory activity against either geranylgeranyl-protein transferase type I (GGTase I) (K(

176 dification by the related prenyltransferase, geranylgeranyl:protein transferase type I (GGPTase-I).

177 uvastatin were reversed by mevalonic acid or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphatase, and mimicked by geranylg

178 esence of farnesyl pyrophosphate (10 muM) or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (10 muM).

179 Addition of mevalonate (200 microM) or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (5 microM) reversed the inh

180 [(3)H]geranylgeranyl monophosphate and [(3)H]geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate ([(3)H]GG-P-P) in CTP-depen

181 isoprenoids farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) are synthetic precur

182 he isoprenyl precursors, mevalonic acid, and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGpp) attenuated the stati

183 fer with a lower efficiency than FPP whereas geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) does not transfer at

184 trations of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) in cultured cells.

185 nce that the FPP-derived, 20-carbon molecule geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) is a potent endogeno

186 cessing and prevents RhoB upregulation while geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) restores Rap1a proce

187 ferase domain-containing protein-1) utilizes geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGpp) to synthesize vitami

188 The effects of mevalonate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), and farnesyl pyroph

189 d by farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) but not by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), implicating perturb

190 trong anion dependence were competitive with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), rather than with th

191 metabolites farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), which are used for

192 in this article that downstream depletion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), which is required f

193 evels of cholesterol and isoprenoids such as geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP).

194 bited by the upstream non-sterol isoprenoid, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP).

195 he acetate/mevalonic acid pathway leading to geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP).

196 r mutant, 2-fold) of the immediate precursor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP).

197 substrates (farnesyl pyrophosphate [FPP] and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate [GGPP]).

198 ation and was employed for detection of both geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and a secondary oxysterol s

199 ibitor lovastatin depletes cellular pools of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and farnesol pyrophosphate

200 rations of isoprenoid intermediates, such as geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and farnesyl pyrophosphate.

201 cretion and mRNA levels, effects reversed by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and mimicked by inhibiting

202 Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate appears to reduce ABCA1 exp

203 revented by mevalonate and by the isoprenoid geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate but not by cholesterol.

204 to simvastatin were blocked by mevalonate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate but not by farnesyl pyropho

205 nthesis pathway intermediates mevalonate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate but not squalene, indicatin

206 f simvastatin was reversed by mevalonate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate but not squalene, indicatin

207 Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate derived from heterologous b

208 Supplementation of culture media with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate dramatically reversed the l

209 oli, to esterify bacteriochlorophyllide with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate in vitro, thereby generatin

210 y characterized step being the conversion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate into casbene.

211 Pases with isoprenoid molecules derived from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate or farnesyl pyrophosphate i

212 Supplementation with mevalonate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate prevented, whereas inhibiti

213 However, treatment with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate resulted in a dose- and tim

214 L-Mevalonate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate reversed the effect, confir

215 Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate selectively enhanced the de

216 of transcription 1), a downstream target of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate signaling, was enhanced.

217 ere we report the crystal structure of human geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase, the first mammali

218 enzymes farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase.

219 In particular, the synthesis of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate through the 3-hydroxy-3-met

220 Supply of the isoprenoid geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to oAbeta(42)-treated neuro

221 Addition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to the culture medium resto

222 or farnesyl pyrophosphate and its derivative geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate were also increased in the

223 ects were absent in slices co-incubated with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, a mevalonate product that

224 Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, a non-sterol intermediate

225 This inhibitory effect was reversed with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, an isoprenoid intermediate

226 are completely reversed by mevalonate and by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, implicating geranylgeranyl

227 t Hmg2 degradation is the 20-carbon isoprene geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, rather than a sterol.

228 or the inhibition of tube formation, whereas geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, the substrate for the gera

229 ication by regulating the cellular levels of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, we demonstrate that the im

230 erase inhibitor and blocked by coexposure to geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.

231 und to be reversible on supplementation with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.

232 d endothelial apoptosis and were reversed by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.

233 at high concentrations that are reversed by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.

234 the presence or absence of mevalonate (MVA), geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate (GGPP) and farnesyl-pyropho

235 We demonstrate that the isoprenoid geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate (GGPP) mediates proliferati

236 nprecedented evidence that-like immune cells-geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate depletion and thus inhibiti

237 imvastatin was blocked after incubation with geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate to circumvent loss of isopr

238 n of isoprenoids (farnesyl-pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate) rather than cholesterol in

239 ersed by cotreatment with mevalonolactone or geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate, but not by farnesyl-pyroph

240 ubunit, as well as geranylgeranyl-Ki-Ras and geranylgeranyl-Rap1b.

241 CT2256 encodes geranylgeranyl reductase (BchP); CT1232 is not involved

242 Initially, LIL3 was shown to interact with geranylgeranyl reductase (CHLP), an enzyme of terpene bi

243 t due to the decreasing transcript levels of geranylgeranyl reductase (GGDR) which restricts the isop

244 DGGR is a member of the geranylgeranyl reductase family that is also widely dist

245 thesis and signaling and on AZI1 Arabidopsis geranylgeranyl reductase1 mutants with reduced monoterpe

246 superfamily and have sequence similarity to geranylgeranyl reductases.

247 tural basis for the substrate specificity of geranylgeranyl reductases.

248 group on the gamma1 and gamma11 subunit with geranylgeranyl restored almost full activity.

249 lls, implying that a dependence on 20-carbon geranylgeranyl signals may be a common conserved feature

250 -specific inhibitor), however, abolished the geranylgeranyl-supplementation-induced recovery from the

251 geranyl (GSPP), (S)-farnesyl (FSPP), and (S)-geranylgeranyl thiodiphosphate (GGSPP) were prepared fro

252 nesyl to geranylgeranyl and of gamma(2) from geranylgeranyl to farnesyl had no impact on the affiniti

253 dition of farnesyl to the gamma2 subunit and geranylgeranyl to the gamma1 and gamma11 subunits.

254 Rabggta protein and Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (GGTase) activity were reduce

255 ein farnesyl transferase (FTase) and protein geranylgeranyl transferase (GGTase) inhibitors as cancer

256 While inhibitors of both geranylgeranyl transferase (GGTI) and farnesyl transfera

257 onstrated that coexpression of homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT), stacked with caroteno

258 cDNAs encoding homogentisic acid geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT), which catalyzes the c

259 initiated in monocot seeds by homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT).

260 cceptor site within the alpha-subunit of Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (Rabggta), an enzyme that att

261 Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (RabGGTase) is responsible fo

262 FPPS (IC50 > 600 microM), but inhibited Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (RGGT) (IC50 = 16-35 microM)

263 bone affinity than 2 and weakly inhibits Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (RGGT), selectively preventin

264 of farnesyl transferase (such as Ras) and of geranylgeranyl transferase (such as RAP-1) were inhibite

265 Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of geranylgeranyl transferase 1 (GGT1) protein prenylation

266 change factor, GTPase activating protein, or geranylgeranyl transferase activity in vitro but promote

267 change factor, GTPase activating protein, or geranylgeranyl transferase activity.

268 hibitors of protein farnesyl transferase and geranylgeranyl transferase enzymes and in mutant mice hy

269 al modification that is catalyzed by protein geranylgeranyl transferase I (GGTase I).

270 of either farnesyl transferase (FTI-277) or geranylgeranyl transferase I (GGTI-298).

271 Inhibitors of geranylgeranyl transferase I (GGTIs) are currently under

272 but not binucleation, was also caused by the geranylgeranyl transferase I inhibitor, GGTI-298, which

273 n important model for the study of substrate/geranylgeranyl transferase I interactions.

274 A reductase, or with an inhibitor of protein geranylgeranyl transferase I, each of which induced the

275 b GTPases by the cytosolic heterodimeric Rab geranylgeranyl transferase II complex (RabGG transferase

276 udy has suggested that FTIs act by targeting geranylgeranyl transferase II.

277 otein prenylation by farnesyl transferase or geranylgeranyl transferase in vitro, in cultured cells a

278 ein prenylation and blocking the activity of geranylgeranyl transferase induces a venous angiogenesis

279 anylgeranyl pyrophosphatase, and mimicked by geranylgeranyl transferase inhibition.

280 vastatin was reproduced by incubation with a geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor and blocked by coex

281 nesyl transferase (FT) inhibitor FTI-276 and geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor GGTI-298, and preny

282 ted by simvastatin, we demonstrated that the geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor replicated the effe

283 tion of FBXL2 localization with GGTi-2418, a geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor, sensitizes xenotra

284 by inhibitors of geranylgeranyl-transferase (geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor-298) and downstream

285 ted with 2-10 microM of GGTI-298, a specific geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor.

286 the development of farnesyl transferase and geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs and GGTIs) a

287 geranylgeranylation either directly through geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitors or indirectly thro

288 rophosphate prevented, whereas inhibition of geranylgeranyl transferase mimicked, the effects of lova

289 treatment of Caco-2 cells with inhibitors of geranylgeranyl transferase or the Rho proteins significa

290 in geranylgeranylation, embryos deficient in geranylgeranyl transferase type I show germ cell migrati

291 s when examined for beta2-microglobulin, Rab geranylgeranyl transferase, and tenascin-C.

292 Further, geranylgeranyl transferase, Rac1 or Cdc42 depletion redu

293 hibition of isoprenylation via reductions in geranylgeranyl transferase-1 activity as well as increas

294 h FTIs, they are alternatively prenylated by geranylgeranyl transferase-1.

295 substrates for farnesyl transferase but not geranylgeranyl transferase-1.

296 substrates for farnesyl transferase but not geranylgeranyl transferase-I.

297 hat it competes for lipid binding to the Rab geranylgeranyl transferase.

298 of lovastatin were mimicked by inhibitors of geranylgeranyl-transferase (geranylgeranyl transferase i

299 s of the alternative prenylation of K-Ras by geranylgeranyl-transferase I (when FTase is inhibited) i

300 hydrophobic prenyl group (either farnesyl or geranylgeranyl), which localises the GTPase to cell memb