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1 symmetrically localized cytoplasmic factors (germ plasm).
2 in particles, with the posteriorly localized germ plasm.
3 red through the inheritance of any preformed germ plasm.
4 the hypothesis of liberated constraint under germ plasm.
5 cessary for association of nos mRNA with the germ plasm.
6 os, the RNA was localized exclusively in the germ plasm.
7 ntified a localized RNA component of Xenopus germ plasm.
8 ng that it is likely to be controlled by the germ plasm.
9 ncoded by oskar, which are components of the germ plasm.
10 they form in a unique cytoplasm, termed the germ plasm.
11 o, it is found in a pattern identical to the germ plasm.
12 rom these mobile elements accumulated in the germ plasm.
13 es evolve more rapidly in species containing germ plasm.
14 nhanced evolvability drives the evolution of germ plasm.
15 germline using specialized cytoplasm called germ plasm.
16 ogenesis and results in amplification of the germ plasm.
17 r, where Oskar initiates the assembly of the germ plasm.
18 germ line depend on determinants within the germ plasm.
19 pus are specified through the inheritance of germ plasm.
20 rrows, where they form part of the zebrafish germ plasm.
21 animal pole, where they are recruited to the germ plasm.
22 te the compartmentalization of the zebrafish germ plasm.
23 de alone, from a diverse collection of Pisum germ plasm.
24 a distinct cytoplasmic structure called the germ plasm.
25 rived media, and in roots of cold-acclimated germ plasms.
26 own example in Xenopus is the aggregation of germ plasm, a group of cytoplasmic islands that become d
27 e classes of retrotransposons migrate to the germ plasm, a specialized region of the oocyte that pref
28 the meiotic spindle, and is localized to the germ plasm--a cytoplasmic determinant of germ cell forma
30 A by components of the posteriorly localized germ plasm activates its translation by preventing inter
31 late phase of oskar localization shows that germ plasm amplification ensures robust abdomen and germ
32 z is required for spatial restriction of the germ plasm and axis patterning, and we uncover multiple
35 that could explain the repeated evolution of germ plasm and propose potential consequences of the inh
36 germ granule RNPs, which house mRNAs in the germ plasm, and interactions between Aub and Tudor are e
37 , an estimated 200 mRNAs are enriched in the germ plasm, and some of these have important, often cons
38 cupy overlapping yet distinct regions of the germ plasm, and this arrangement is maintained during th
41 at the limiting steps in the assembly of the germ plasm are localization of the OSK RNA and regulated
42 ns, components of the Caenorhabditis elegans germ plasm, are targeted for degradation by the novel CC
43 e plus-end enrichment is sufficient to drive germ plasm assembly even at a distance from the oocyte c
45 s have been shown to be essential for proper germ plasm assembly in Drosophila melanogaster embryos.
46 s have been elucidated, the process by which germ plasm assembly is restricted to the posterior pole
48 ocalized within the posterior pole plasm for germ-plasm assembly and Caenorhabditis elegans mago is a
49 anelles, we studied the origin of oocyte and germ plasm-associated mitochondria during Drosophila oog
50 , are also inherited by vegetal cells, while germ plasm-associated mRNAs, such as Xcat2, become incor
53 dial germ-cell formation are enriched in the germ plasm at late oogenesis via a diffusion and entrapm
54 dent anchoring of nanos RNA complexed to the germ plasm at the posterior maintains localization in th
55 e translation of nanos mRNA localized to the germ plasm at the posterior of the embryo, together with
57 of the oocyte, including those used to form germ plasm, because the oocyte ring canals specifically
58 lso required for posterior enrichment of the germ plasm before the first cleavage, and degradation of
59 ote, MAGOH mRNA expression is not limited to germ plasm, but is expressed ubiquitously in adult tissu
60 , whereby Tahre retroelements traffic to the germ plasm by mimicking oskar RNAs and engaging the Stau
61 rized model organisms, but most animals lack germ plasm by morphological and functional criteria.
62 ne pathway, specialized for the transport of germ plasm by way of the mitochondrial cloud, occurs ear
63 Here, we report that Germ cell-less (GCL), a germ plasm component necessary for the proper formation
65 14a protein, whose RNA is a newly identified germ plasm component, regulates the temporal relations b
67 cells and the demonstration that homologs of germ plasm components are conserved in mammals, have she
68 These results suggest that, in axolotls, germ plasm components are insufficient to specify germ c
70 sms governing the localization of individual germ plasm components have been elucidated, the process
71 efore the first cleavage, and degradation of germ plasm components in anterior cells after cleavage.
73 rnal-effect germline defective) proteins are germ plasm components that are required redundantly for
74 is critical not only for the localization of germ plasm components to the posterior of the oocyte but
76 We show that aggregates of a first class of germ plasm components, which include dead end, nanos1, a
78 as been hypothesized that the acquisition of germ plasm confers enhanced evolvability, resulting from
79 s, and resulting in high speciation rates in germ plasm-containing lineages (denoted herein as the "P
82 restricted Nanos expression in the posterior germ plasm during oogenesis and early embryogenesis.
84 rent RNAs within the various compartments of germ plasm during Xenopus oogenesis and development by u
88 dent processes must occur to form germ cells-germ-plasm formation and nuclear division/migration.
89 homologous to Xdazl, a component of Xenopus germ plasm found in the vegetal pole of oocytes and eggs
90 ompanying posterior nuclei induce release of germ plasm from the cortex and recruit these components
93 pression, RNA degradation, and activation by germ plasm has also been implicated in the regulation of
94 ng vertebrates, epigenesis is basal, whereas germ plasm has evolved convergently across lineages and
96 e germ cell determination in urodeles, where germ plasm has never been conclusively identified, we cl
97 specific RNA/protein complexes that contain germ plasm homologs, beginning in the earliest stages of
99 n, Xklp1, is required for the aggregation of germ plasm in early Xenopus embryos, thus assigning this
100 to be related to the dynamic behavior of the germ plasm in Nasonia, as well as to the maternal provis
104 st that Gryllus lacks a maternally inherited germ plasm, in contrast with many holometabolous insects
107 in germ plasm inheritance, such that higher germ plasm inheritance correlates with higher primordial
108 rocess linked to quantitative differences in germ plasm inheritance, such that higher germ plasm inhe
109 irst four cell cycles in Xenopus, islands of germ plasm, initially distributed throughout the vegetal
111 ssible to incorporate these traits from wild germ plasm into cultivated crop plants by independent se
112 e transport events prevents incorporation of germ plasm into pole cells and impairs germ cell develop
117 lts suggest that, in Caenorhabditis elegans, germ plasm is also prevented from accumulating in somati
119 s contain specific mechanisms to ensure that germ plasm is endowed with highly functional organelles.
120 ur results indicate that active transport of germ plasm is essential for its inheritance and ensures
121 tion to harboring germline determinants, the germ plasm is required for localization and translation
127 , a hypothesis was set forth purporting that germ plasm liberates selective constraint and accelerate
128 cells) are specified by maternally supplied germ plasm localized to the posterior pole of the egg.
129 uencing technology and the rich diversity of germ plasm manipulated for over a century by plant breed
131 rly germ cell populations is the assembly of germ plasm, microscopically distinct egg cytoplasm that
133 , the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, conserved germ plasm molecules are ubiquitously, rather than asymm
135 mRNAs, reveals new regulatory mechanisms for germ plasm mRNAs that may be applicable to other mRNA gr
136 , into an array of plants, generating unique germ plasms not achievable by conventional breeding.
137 Specification through maternally inherited germ plasm occurs in many well-characterized model organ
141 tes to the 'mitochondrial cloud', from which germ plasm originates, and in later oocytes to the veget
144 RNA-binding protein Rumpelstiltskin and the germ plasm protein Oskar, which are required for diffusi
145 ly organized within the granule whereas core germ plasm proteins are distributed evenly throughout th
149 hat Wun2 is used as a readout of the overall germ plasm quantity, such that only PGCs with the highes
152 ynamic process involving active transport of germ plasm RNA-protein complexes coordinated with nuclea
153 , nanos mRNA and Vasa protein, revealed that germ plasm segregation is a dynamic process involving ac
154 a maternal component of the polar granule, a germ-plasm-specific organelle essential for germline spe
156 Using maize genotypes derived from Antiquan germ plasm that are resistant to Lepidoptera, we have de
157 rimordial germ cells (PGCs) are specified by germ plasm that is inherited from the egg; in mice, Blim
158 el organisms contain germ cell determinants (germ plasm) that segregate to germ cell precursors.
159 sm whereby germ cells are specified by using germ plasm-that is, maternally specified germ-line deter
160 vel protein is itself a major constituent of germ plasm throughout oogenesis and early development, a
161 transport on astral microtubules partitions germ plasm to daughter nuclei, leading to its segregatio
162 tein Aubergine (Aub), are transmitted to the germ plasm to initiate transposon silencing in the offsp
166 segregation of a specialized cytoplasm, or 'germ plasm', to a small number of germline precursor cel
167 ny species, germ cells form in a specialized germ plasm, which contains localized maternal RNAs.
168 a through the inheritance of the specialized germ plasm, which contains mRNAs and proteins that speci
169 The germ cell lineage is specified by the germ plasm, which in Xenopus laevis contains putative de
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