ライフサイエンスコーパス: ghrelin

1 n remain unclear but may include the hormone ghrelin.

2 ike peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and ghrelin.

3 Neither ROSI nor GW9662 affected plasma ghrelin.

4 ne transfer exhibited sharply reduced plasma ghrelin.

5 nistered PPARgamma modulation affects plasma ghrelin.

6 ganglia abolished the orexigenic actions of ghrelin.

7 M-131) is a selective, prokinetic agonist of ghrelin.

8 y food deprivation and the gut hunger signal ghrelin.

9 only the second orexigenic gut hormone after ghrelin.

10 duals were randomized to receive intravenous ghrelin 1 mcg/kg, 3 mcg/kg or 0 mcg/kg (placebo), follow

11 Human des-acyl ghrelin [1.2 nmol/kg per hour] was infused intravenously

12 of binding GHS-R1a with better affinity than ghrelin(1-28).

13 Here we report on ghrelin(1-8) analogues bearing modifications at residues

14 pr(3)(6-fluoro-2-naphthoate),1-Nal(4),Thr(8)]ghrelin(1-8), possessed an IC50 value of 0.11 nM that is

15 examination revealed a significant effect of ghrelin 3 mcg/kg versus placebo in increasing alcohol cr

16 The endogenous ligand ghrelin, a 28 amino acid peptide with 3.1 nM affinity, h

17 In this study we hypothesized that elevated ghrelin, a gut hormone with neuroprotective properties,

18 Ghrelin, a hunger signalling peptide derived from the pe

19 Preclinical evidence suggests that ghrelin, a peptide synthesized by endocrine cells of the

20 The orexigenic hormone ghrelin, a potential antagonist of the insulin system, e

21 during development by specifically blocking ghrelin action during early postnatal development in mic

22 e subjected to either increased or decreased ghrelin action during this developmental period had an i

23 s open up on future strategies to counteract ghrelin action in a program that could become beneficial

24 f the central nervous system sites of direct ghrelin action on feeding behavior, and as inspiration f

25 Supporting increased ghrelin action, MENX rats show increased food intake, en

26 HP ghrelin-mediated hyperphagia and that vHP ghrelin activated neurons communicate directly with neur

27 We investigated whether ghrelin administration (exogenous hyperghrelinemia) mimi

28 Both fasting and ghrelin administration also increased hippocampus activa

29 Ghrelin administration and fasting have similar acute st

30 However, whether and how ghrelin administration may impact alcohol intake in huma

31 ve effects of alcohol were also moderated by ghrelin administration.

32 Higher levels of endogenous ghrelin after fear learning were associated with weaker

33 of intra-bone marrow (ibm)-infused acylated ghrelin (AG) and UAG were abolished in male GHS-R-null m

34 The ghrelin agonist impaired glucose tolerance immediately a

35 At the same time, the ghrelin agonist improved spatial learning in the mice, r

36 rovide evidence for a differential role of a ghrelin agonist on glucose homeostasis in an Alzheimer's

37 Ghrelin also regulates blood glucose, as emphasized by t

38 elin analogue reported but also the shortest ghrelin analogue capable of binding GHS-R1a with better

39 This is not only the highest affinity ghrelin analogue reported but also the shortest ghrelin

40 These changes correlated with an increase of ghrelin and a decrease of GIP-labeled cells.

41 Orexigenic hormone ghrelin and anorexic hormone obestatin are encoded by th

42 tivity and correlated negatively with plasma ghrelin and brain activity in the right cerebellar tonsi

43 munosorbent assay to measure endogenous acyl-ghrelin and corticosterone at time points surrounding au

44 usea-sensitive subjects had decreased plasma ghrelin and demonstrated increased activity of the left

45 h increases both circulating endogenous acyl-ghrelin and fear memory formation, promotes profound los

46 with BChE gene deletion exhibited increased ghrelin and fought more readily than wild-type animals.

47 We also examined links between ghrelin and growth hormone (GH), a major downstream effe

48 highlight a previously unrecognized role for ghrelin and growth hormone in maladaptive changes follow

49 restriction as evidenced by increased plasma ghrelin and growth-hormone levels.

50 ice with beta blockers led to reduced plasma ghrelin and hypoglycemia, the latter of which is similar

51 strated attenuated suppression of serum acyl-ghrelin and increased circulating insulin level after gl

52 e ingestion; furthermore, the change in acyl-ghrelin and insulin levels after both glucose and fructo

53 e hypothesize that proper modulation of acyl-ghrelin and its receptor's sensitivity will favorably im

54 d on anthropometric and metabolic variables, ghrelin and leptin concentrations, and the pregnancy rat

55 the neurodevelopmental effects of leptin and ghrelin and likely involves a direct neurotrophic effect

56 Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) show associations with ghrelin and total energy intake.

57 viorally relevant connection between central ghrelin and VTA orexin.

58 Ghrelin and Y2 receptors play a central role in appetite

59 nd coordinate systemic cues from the leptin, ghrelin, and dopamine signaling pathways implicating the

60 SNS activity and plasma leptin, ghrelin, and T3 and their changes with CR were not relat

61 Treatment of Hnf1alpha-null mice with a ghrelin antagonist led to a recovery of the diabetic sym

62 The physiological actions of ghrelin are mediated through the growth hormone secretag

63 ogical state with endogenous fluctuations in ghrelin as a key contributor.

64 red in mice deficient in the GH secretagogue ghrelin as a result of knockout of the gene encoding ghr

65 therefore, we assess the potential role for ghrelin as a stress feedback signal that regulates these

66 by washout (rebaseline) and infusion of acyl ghrelin at the same dose.

67 h that will help us move closer to potential ghrelin-based therapies to treat stress responses and re

68 lso used biotin-labeled ghrelin to visualize ghrelin binding sites in coronal brain sections of amygd

69 memory formation, promotes profound loss of ghrelin binding sites in the amygdala and behavioral ins

70 This review provides an overview of ghrelin biology with a focus on metabolic diseases and s

71 Ghrelin blockade in neonatal mice resulted in enhanced A

72 Replacement of ghrelin blocked the effects of caloric restriction in be

73 posure of postnatal ARH neuronal explants to ghrelin blunted axonal growth and blocked the neurotroph

74 essive fear memory formation and reveal that ghrelin can regulate negative emotionality in unstressed

75 caloric restriction and the requirement for ghrelin cell-expressed beta1ARs in these processes.

76 adrenergic receptors (beta1ARs) localized to ghrelin cells is required for caloric restriction-associ

77 FA expression, and increased glucagon(+) and ghrelin(+) cells compared to grafts from euthyroid mice.

78 t-hormone concentrations [insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, cholecystokinin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide

79 Antropyloroduodenal motility, plasma ghrelin, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, pepti

80 eeding through which the gut-derived hormone ghrelin communicates with ventral hippocampus (vHP) neur

81 cohol self-administration when they received ghrelin, compared to placebo (P=0.03).

82 Results showed that intravenous ghrelin, compared to placebo, significantly increased th

83 oth types of feeding led to a fall in plasma ghrelin concentration although this fall was greater wit

84 leeve gastrectomy patients showed the lowest ghrelin concentrations and higher early postprandial cho

85 Plasma ghrelin concentrations did not differ between regimens.

86 here was no significant increase in acylated ghrelin concentrations in the LGI group compared with th

87 Plasma ghrelin concentrations suggested a potentially more sati

88 Body weight, leptin and ghrelin concentrations, relative-reinforcing value of fo

89 holinesterase (BChE)-catalyzed hydrolysis of ghrelin, demonstrating that the acylation process of BCh

90 Plasma peptide YY or ghrelin did not differ between fasting and fed patients

91 Importantly, ghrelin directly stimulated GLP-1 release from L-cell li

92 these effects to a reduction in circulating ghrelin, driven by BChE at levels approximately 100-fold

93 ological and neurobiological contribution of ghrelin during development by specifically blocking ghre

94 rcuits and suggest that proper expression of ghrelin during neonatal life is pivotal for lifelong met

95 In addition, chronic administration of ghrelin during postnatal life impaired the normal develo

96 Ghrelin effect on food intake was confirmed by treating

97 onged hyperghrelinemia may lead to decreased ghrelin efficacy.

98 However, in HF, des-acyl and acyl ghrelin enhanced myocardial oxygen consumption by 10.2+/

99 Plasma peptide YY and ghrelin (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were measure

100 The gut-derived hormone ghrelin, especially its acylated form, plays a major rol

101 The gut peptide ghrelin evoked direct excitatory effects, suggesting the

102 Moreover, chronic ghrelin exposure in neonatal mice also attenuated leptin

103 In mice lacking the beta1AR specifically in ghrelin-expressing cells, ghrelin secretion was markedly

104 tion process of BChE-catalyzed hydrolysis of ghrelin follows an unprecedented single-step reaction pa

105 eptin, glucagon-like peptide-1) or increase (ghrelin) food intake and learned food reward-driven resp

106 In contrast, the ghrelin function on GH secretion was entirely mediated b

107 An increase in ghrelin gene transcript and a decrease in glucose-depend

108 Obestatin, a product of the ghrelin gene, in addition to favorable effects on glucos

109 be reversed by pharmacological inhibition of ghrelin/GHS-R interaction.

110 this study we identify MRAP2 as a partner of ghrelin-GHSR1a signaling.

111 press alternative islet cell genes including ghrelin, glucagon, and somatostatin.

112 Neither dose affected plasma ghrelin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide Y

113 umed, with plasma concentrations of acylated ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1, insulin, glucose, and

114 The orexigenic hormone ghrelin has been shown to stimulate the secretion of the

115 relin release controlled by glucose but also ghrelin has many actions that can raise or reduce falls

116 eal an intriguing insight that obestatin and ghrelin have opposing effects on insulin secretion, and

117 Tests with human BChE showed ready ghrelin hydrolysis at physiologic concentrations, and mu

118 these findings indicate that BChE-catalyzed ghrelin hydrolysis influences mouse aggression and socia

119 One mutant BChE was found to be deficient in ghrelin hydrolysis.

120 e we applied viral gene transfer of the acyl-ghrelin hydrolyzing enzyme, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)

121 lectrophysiological techniques, we show that ghrelin hyperpolarizes neurons and inhibits currents evo

122 ings of isolated rat vagal neurons show that ghrelin hyperpolarizes neurons by activating K(+) conduc

123 ike peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and ghrelin immunoreactivity were measured.

124 ctory findings about the role of the hormone ghrelin in aversive processing, with studies suggesting

125 circulating plasma levels of peptide YY and ghrelin in control subjects and in critically ill patien

126 These studies demonstrate a novel role for ghrelin in enhancing the GLP-1 secretory response to ing

127 these results indicate a potential role for ghrelin in mediating beta blocker-associated hypoglycemi

128 findings highlight the critical functions of ghrelin in preventing hypoglycemia and promoting surviva

129 We conclude that upregulation of ghrelin in the absence of Hnf1alpha impairs insulin secr

130 terize and reconcile the paradoxical role of ghrelin in the acquisition of fearful memories.

131 Animal and human studies suggest a role for ghrelin in the neurobiology of alcohol dependence and cr

132 the recently discovered splicing variant In1-ghrelin, in human normal pituitaries (n = 11) and pituit

133 critical roles in the orexigenic actions of ghrelin, including hypothalamic nuclei, the hippocampus,

134 Neuroimaging data showed that ghrelin increased the alcohol-related signal in the amyg

135 subunits only in dopamine neurons prevented ghrelin-induced AMPK phosphorylation and neuroprotection

136 opamine D1 receptor (D1R) antagonist blocked ghrelin-induced cAMP accumulation in striatal but not hi

137 GHS-R1b not only determines the efficacy of ghrelin-induced GHS-R1a-mediated signaling but also dete

138 G protein-coupled receptor GHS-R1a mediates ghrelin-induced growth hormone secretion, food intake, a

139 KO mice suggesting that AMPK is a target for ghrelin-induced neuroprotection.

140 s, promoting profound qualitative changes in ghrelin-induced signaling.

141 major subunit of the KATP channel, abolished ghrelin inhibition in vitro and in vivo.

142 K and Erk1/2 in the nodose ganglia prevented ghrelin inhibition of leptin- or CCK-8-evoked vagal firi

143 major subunit of the KATP channel, abolished ghrelin inhibition.

144 Patch clamp studies show that ghrelin inhibits currents evoked by leptin and CCK-8, wh

145 While it is known that ghrelin inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (G

146 The intraperitoneal injection of ghrelin into mice 15 min before the administration of or

147 Ghrelin is a gastric hormone whose unacylated form (UnAG

148 Ghrelin is a peptide mainly produced by the stomach and

149 Ghrelin is a stomach hormone normally associated with fe

150 Ghrelin is a stomach-derived hormone that plays a key ro

151 Ghrelin is an orexigenic gastric peptide hormone secrete

152 ition, we show that the orexigenic effect of ghrelin is lost in mice lacking MRAP2.

153 as compared with normal pituitary, where In1-ghrelin is markedly overexpressed.

154 ic role of the enterohormones peptide YY and ghrelin is supported by preclinical data.

155 Ghrelin is the only known circulating orexigenic hormone

156 Ghrelin is the only known hunger signal derived from the

157 are coexpressed in hippocampal neurons, yet ghrelin is undetectable in the hippocampus; therefore, w

158 n the setting of type 1 diabetes, the plasma ghrelin level rises, preventing hypoglycemia.

159 ilarly treated Gcgr(-/-) mice and the plasma ghrelin level was further increased.

160 ced with this variant retained normal plasma ghrelin levels and did not differ from untreated control

161 tin followed by persisting subnormal levels; ghrelin levels did not change.

162 mic development, we also measured leptin and ghrelin levels in Magel2-null and control neonates and f

163 ocin induced hyperglycemia and raised plasma ghrelin levels in wild-type mice, hyperglycemia was aver

164 Because ghrelin levels peak immediately before mealtimes, we hyp

165 Ghrelin levels were similar (P = 0.58) for both groups,

166 t of sex, initial BMI, and total circulating ghrelin levels, but it is only present in individuals wh

167 We found a reduction of circulating ghrelin levels, increased GLP-1 plasma concentration, an

168 hE overexpression decreased circulating acyl-ghrelin levels, suppressed CR-provoked ghrelin signaling

169 ound that mutant mice have normal leptin and ghrelin levels.

170 lucose levels accompanied by elevated plasma ghrelin levels.

171 gh endogenous acylated and unacylated plasma ghrelin levels.

172 preferentially activated Gq and antagonized ghrelin-mediated Gi/Go activation.

173 ) is a critical downstream substrate for vHP ghrelin-mediated hyperphagia and that vHP ghrelin activa

174 tream orexin-1 receptors is required for vHP ghrelin-mediated hyperphagia.

175 The ghrelin-mediated improvement in glucose tolerance was lo

176 These results suggest that ghrelin mediates a novel branch of the stress response a

177 relin WT but not KO mice, demonstrating that ghrelin mediates CR's neuroprotective effect.

178 es present evidence that the gastric peptide ghrelin mediates neural fiber growth in the arcuate nucl

179 the only molecularly identified receptor for ghrelin, mediating ghrelin-related effects on eating, bo

180 cells (INS-1) and in pancreatic islets from ghrelin (-/-) mice.

181 The present results suggest that ghrelin might improve cognition in Alzheimer's disease v

182 These data indicate that ghrelin modulates vagal ganglia neuron excitability by a

183 Neither des-acyl ghrelin nor acyl ghrelin significantly affected function

184 ids, reproductive hormones, leptin, acylated ghrelin, number of oocytes retrieved in the IVF cycle, a

185 nent expression of the UAG-activating enzyme ghrelin O-acyl transferase (GOAT), which is located in t

186 as a result of knockout of the gene encoding ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT), which catalyzes a requ

187 overall topological organization of Hhat and ghrelin O-acyltransferase, another MBOAT family member.

188 molecular mechanism underlying the action of ghrelin on hippocampal-dependent memory.

189 ty could not be rescued by administration of ghrelin or growth hormone.

190 on was found between the temporal profile of ghrelin or peptide YY plasma concentration with bedside

191 igher levels of the hunger-promoting hormone ghrelin) or hedonic brain responses, altered responses o

192 Ghrelin overcomes the satiety signals evoked by anorexig

193 Fasting adiponectin (P = 0.04) and ghrelin (P = 0.03) increased at 16 wk with the prebiotic

194 lin, amylin, and incretins; and increases in ghrelin, peptide YY, and adiponectin.

195 and/or postprandial concentrations of total ghrelin, peptide YY, and glucagon-like peptide-1, leptin

196 A 10-min loading dose of intravenous ghrelin/placebo (3 mcg kg(-1)) followed by a continuous

197 cebo (3 mcg kg(-1)) followed by a continuous ghrelin/placebo infusion (16.9 ng/kg/min) was administer

198 affects interdigestive motility, motilin and ghrelin plasma concentrations, hunger and satiety rating

199 nal motility and hunger ratings, motilin and ghrelin plasma concentrations, satiety, and caloric inta

200 nontransgenic rat model with high endogenous ghrelin plasma levels and, interestingly, improved gluco

201 ately before mealtimes, we hypothesized that ghrelin plays a role in priming the intestinal L-cell fo

202 Collectively, these data reveal that ghrelin plays an inhibitory role in the development of h

203 diet-induced obese mice was also improved by ghrelin preadministration.

204 t hyperplasia containing elevated numbers of ghrelin-producing epsilon-cells.

205 vation biosensors, we then demonstrated that ghrelin promoted activation of Gq, Gi1, Gi2, Gi3, Goa, G

206 uronal-glial retrograde circuit activated by ghrelin provides an alternative means of stimulation of

207 Despite being unable to activate the cognate ghrelin receptor (GHS-R), unacylated ghrelin (UAG) posse

208 hippocampal neurogenesis in depression-prone ghrelin receptor (Ghsr)-null mice to that in wild-type l

209 The ghrelin receptor (GHSR1a) and dopamine receptor-1 (DRD1)

210 the amygdala and behavioral insensitivity to ghrelin receptor agonism.

211 dual peptides simultaneously inhibiting the ghrelin receptor and stimulating the Y2 receptor.

212 and improved glucose tolerance, whereas the ghrelin receptor antagonist D-Lys GHRP-6 reduced plasma

213 Notably, administration of a ghrelin receptor antagonist further reduced blood glucos

214 programs aimed at delivering small molecule ghrelin receptor antagonists and inverse agonists to the

215 with a model system composed of the purified ghrelin receptor assembled into lipid discs.

216 memories, and pharmacological agonism of the ghrelin receptor during the memory consolidation period

217 ould allow localization and visualization of ghrelin receptor expressing carcinomas using PET imaging

218 lin secretion, and both are mediated through ghrelin receptor GHS-R.

219 ing and signaling of the full and functional ghrelin receptor GHS-R1a.

220 The truncated non-signaling ghrelin receptor growth hormone secretagogue R1b (GHS-R1

221 are guided largely by the expression of the ghrelin receptor growth hormone secretagogue type 1a (GH

222 bility compared to that of the highly stable ghrelin receptor inverse agonist.

223 The Y2 receptor induces satiety, while the ghrelin receptor promotes hunger and weight gain.

224 e the authors show that MRAP2 also regulates ghrelin receptor signalling in the hypothalamus and star

225 block the fear-enhancing effects of repeated ghrelin receptor stimulation.

226 lin (a pentapeptide-selective agonist of the ghrelin receptor that speeds gastric emptying in patient

227 Selectively targeting the ghrelin receptor using fluorine-18 tagged entities would

228 the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (ghrelin receptor), a peptidic G-protein-coupled receptor

229 The ghrelin receptor, also known as the growth hormone secre

230 a provide direct evidence of a mechanism for ghrelin receptor-mediated Gq signaling in which transiti

231 in overnight-fasted, streptozotocin-treated ghrelin receptor-null mice that were administered GcgR m

232 p with the high constitutive activity of the ghrelin receptor.

233 one (GH), a major downstream effector of the ghrelin receptor.

234 Anamorelin is an oral ghrelin-receptor agonist with appetite-enhancing and ana

235 We assessed anamorelin, a novel ghrelin-receptor agonist, on cachexia in patients with a

236 ents of the ghrelin system, including native ghrelin, receptors and the recently discovered splicing

237 The mechanisms by which ghrelin reduces the sensory signals evoked by anorexigen

238 recent animal and human studies showing that ghrelin regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axi

239 ess the neural sites of action through which ghrelin regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axi

240 y identified receptor for ghrelin, mediating ghrelin-related effects on eating, body weight, and bloo

241 required for caloric restriction-associated ghrelin release and the ensuing protective glucoregulato

242 Not only is ghrelin release controlled by glucose but also ghrelin h

243 n-like peptide 1 concentrations, and reduced ghrelin release, which together may help patients lose w

244 diverse physiological responses mediated by ghrelin remains unknown.

245 l expression of eGFP within GHSR-containing, ghrelin-responsive neurons.

246 comprehensive functional characterization of ghrelin-responsive neurons.

247 vels of the appetite-promoting hormone, acyl-ghrelin, rise sharply.

248 Here, we tested the hypothesis that ghrelin rises to prevent hypoglycemia in the absence of

249 stressed rodents, endogenous peripheral acyl-ghrelin robustly inhibits fear memory consolidation thro

250 Ghrelin's effect is mediated by its receptor Growth Horm

251 molecular dynamics simulations revealed that ghrelin's first five residues fit sterically and electro

252 In line with ghrelin's proposed role in glucose metabolism, we find d

253 AR specifically in ghrelin-expressing cells, ghrelin secretion was markedly blunted, resulting in pro

254 cose-stimulated insulin secretion, increased ghrelin secretion, hyperphagia, obesity and related sequ

255 oked ghrelin signaling, and restored central ghrelin sensitivity.

256 Ghrelin serological levels were significantly induced in

257 These data indicate that ghrelin signaling affects alcohol seeking in humans and

258 ystemic and intra-amygdala) manipulations of ghrelin signaling and examined several aversive and appe

259 ive processing, with studies suggesting that ghrelin signaling can both inhibit and enhance aversion.

260 circuitry regulating appetite through which ghrelin signaling in hippocampal neurons engages LHA ore

261 Hence, ghrelin signaling through AMPK in SN dopamine neurons me

262 acyl-ghrelin levels, suppressed CR-provoked ghrelin signaling, and restored central ghrelin sensitiv

263 ric restriction in mouse models of deficient ghrelin signaling.

264 Neither des-acyl ghrelin nor acyl ghrelin significantly affected function and metabolism i

265 ically ill patients, plasma concentration of ghrelin significantly differs from that of controls, irr

266 Indeed, exogenous ghrelin significantly increased pAMPK in the SN.

267 /2 signaling and cell viability, whereas In1-ghrelin silencing (using a specific siRNA; 100 nM) reduc

268 ing of these pituitary cell-types (e.g. GHRH/ghrelin/somatostatin/insulin/IGF-I-receptors/Pit-1).

269 sed GH-release, and inhibited GHRH-, but not ghrelin-stimulated GH-secretion.

270 MRAP2 interacts with GHSR1a and potentiates ghrelin-stimulated signaling both in vitro and in vivo.

271 The stomach-derived hormone ghrelin stimulates appetite through interactions with ne

272 and calcium imaging in rat brain slices that ghrelin stimulates VP neurons in the hypothalamic parave

273 nd suggest that this variant and its related ghrelin system could provide new tools to identify novel

274 The ghrelin system has been linked to development of certain

275 one focus of study has been antagonizing the ghrelin system in order to improve glucose tolerance.

276 n = 169) revealed that expression pattern of ghrelin system suffers a clear alteration in pituitary a

277 ional implications of some components of the ghrelin system, including native ghrelin, receptors and

278 e results indicate that an alteration of the ghrelin system, specially its In1-ghrelin variant, could

279 Recent studies highlight that ghrelin targets the brain to regulate a diverse number o

280 Ghrelin, the natural ligand of the growth hormone secret

281 ceptors attenuated food intake induced by LV ghrelin, thus establishing a behaviorally relevant conne

282 We also used biotin-labeled ghrelin to visualize ghrelin binding sites in coronal br

283 gly, in cultured pituitary adenoma cells In1-ghrelin treatment (acylated peptides at 100 nM; 24-72 h)

284 cognate ghrelin receptor (GHS-R), unacylated ghrelin (UAG) possesses a unique activity spectrum that

285 the potential clinical impact of unacylated ghrelin (UnAG) in a glucose intolerance and PAD mouse mo

286 ion of the ghrelin system, specially its In1-ghrelin variant, could contribute to pathogenesis of dif

287 Mean change in serum ghrelin was 8.7% +/- 34.7 and -17.5% +/- 29 at 1 month a

288 Ghrelin was effective when infused directly into the lat

289 day 5, fasting cholecystokinin was less, and ghrelin was higher, in lean (P < 0.05) but not obese men

290 Ghrelin was infused for 30 min to achieve steady-state l

291 The inhibitory actions of ghrelin were abolished by treating the vagal ganglia neu

292 The inhibitory actions of ghrelin were also abolished by treating the vagal gangli

293 a concentrations of insulin, peptide YY, and ghrelin were assayed every 30 minutes.

294 ER, postprandial concentrations of acylated ghrelin were lower (P < 0.05), whereas glucose (P < 0.05

295 that the mitogenic and adipogenic effect of ghrelin were mainly dependent on the ss-arrestin bound t

296 Plasma vasopressin and ghrelin were measured in response to the motion video.

297 ministration, whereas total and octanoylated ghrelin were not affected.

298 HSR1a, mediates the biological activities of ghrelin, which includes the secretion of growth hormone,

299 ovides a mechanism to explain the actions of ghrelin with respect to overcoming anorexigenic signals

300 ne neurons and striatal dopamine turnover in ghrelin WT but not KO mice, demonstrating that ghrelin m