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2 lum and spinal cord that was consistent with glial activation and increased T-cell, monocyte, and neu
3 n (paradigm A) reversed the diabetes-induced glial activation and loss of function of amacrine cells
7 how Draper is cell autonomously required for glial activation of transcriptional reporters after axon
8 phine conditioning, reduces morphine-induced glial activation, and increases microglial expression of
9 multiparous mice had smaller infarcts, less glial activation, and less behavioral impairment in the
10 haracterized by CNS infiltration of T cells, glial activation, and progressive loss of motor function
11 he translocator protein (TSPO), a marker for glial activation, have yielded inconsistent results.
12 response through its role in downregulating glial activation, however, the intact apoE holoprotein d
13 upper-respiratory viral infection can cause glial activation, promote immune cell trafficking to the
14 ovided neuroprotective effects and inhibited glial activation, suggesting that chrysophanol might hav
15 amage often triggers neuronal cell death and glial activation, with very limited spontaneous axon reg
20 ribute to the neurogenic ion transport while glial activity does not appear to play a major role in t
22 to analyze the nanoscale organization of 12 glial and axonal proteins at the nodes of Ranvier of tea
23 ence of gene expression changes in neuronal, glial and endothelial cell-types, which enabled predicti
25 overall reduction is due to decreased radial glial and granule neuron progenitor cell proliferation.
27 cal conditions, this review will outline the glial and neuroimmune mechanisms that may contribute to
28 lar glycine by blocking either, or both, the glial and neuronal glycine transporters markedly decreas
30 ollower-axon guidance, respectively, and for glial and pioneer-neuron Flamingo (CELSR) in follower-ax
31 ohistochemistry to cells positive for neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2) expressed in hepatic pericytes, gl
36 R) is prominently dysregulated in high-grade glial brain tumors, blockade of PI3K or AKT minimally af
37 ::CreER(T2+/-) /Cx43(f/f) mice or activating glial calcium responses in GFAP::hM3Dq mice, and tested
38 studies have suggested that it also inhibits glial cell activation in rodents, and may alter opioid-m
39 enzyme expression, fragmented mitochondria, glial cell activation, muscle atrophy, weight loss, and
40 ut there has been little study of persistent glial cell activity in brains of athletes with sports-re
46 em (e.g., neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, glial cell development) and immune functions (e.g., immu
47 in tissue pathology, including inflammation, glial cell dysfunction, and angiogenesis, its role in th
49 , we examined the effects of BNN27 on neural/glial cell function, apoptosis, and inflammation in the
50 haII-spectrin breakdown products, SBDPs) and glial cell injury biomarker, glial fibrillary acidic pro
53 rophic effects, the therapeutic potential of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has b
54 , we describe a novel, biphasic function for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in th
55 m.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Delivery of ectopic glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promo
56 we evaluate the differential potency of NGF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brai
57 We also found that intraspinally expressed glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), but
58 anscription factors Distal-less 3 (DLX3) and Glial cell missing-1 (GCM1) have been shown to coordinat
60 lls or polydendrocytes, which are a resident glial cell population in the mature mammalian central ne
62 ZIKA-NS2A, but not DENV-NS2A, reduces radial glial cell proliferation and causes AJ deficits in human
63 protein 18 kDa (TSPO), a marker of activated glial cell response, in a cohort of National Football Le
65 Despite the importance of this heterogeneous glial cell type for brain development and function, the
68 ive tissue comprised of six neuronal and one glial cell types, each of which develops in prescribed p
71 The ability of the HS-binding neuropeptide glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to in
78 tion and premature differentiation of radial glial cells and aberrant positioning of newborn neurons.
80 mesenchyme, differentiated into neurons and glial cells and showed neuronal activity, as measured by
83 se mutation (S140G), neurons accumulate, and glial cells are dispersed along the rostral migratory st
84 the primary immune responders in the brain, glial cells are implicated as key players in the onset a
88 tion of surface receptors within neurons and glial cells by affecting their delivery to lysosomes for
89 in, demonstrating that, although perineurial glial cells display plasticity despite myelin perturbati
90 ance and exaggerated release of glutamate by glial cells during immune activation leads to glutamate
91 bleaching and photoconversion experiments in glial cells expressing vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic
95 neuron cultures is possible, the removal of glial cells ignores physiologically relevant cell-cell i
98 and it causes cell-cycle deficits of radial glial cells in the embryonic mouse cortex and human fore
102 overexpression of sEH in the retinal Muller glial cells of non-diabetic mice resulted in similar ves
103 ly was found in the cytoplasm of neurons and glial cells of the prefrontal cortex at 4 and 24 hours p
105 For instance, enteric glia, a collection of glial cells residing within the walls of the intestinal
110 p in the submucosa, might arise from enteric glial cells through hormone-dependent PKA signaling.
113 N1 is mostly expressed by neurons and not by glial cells under normal conditions, similar to the expr
114 is, meningitis, and meningoencephalitis, and glial cells were identified as principal targets of infe
119 ells, their antineuroinflammatory effects on glial cells, and the ability to ameliorate nesting behav
120 basic unit in the brain, including neurons, glial cells, blood vessels and extracellular matrix.
121 al mediated by gliotrophic FGF signaling.How glial cells, such as astrocytes, acquire their character
122 n two processes that require phagocytosis by glial cells, the immune cells in the brain: neuronal cle
132 stricted to two populations of Repo-positive glial cells: an invasive population, characterized by JN
133 including pre- and post-synaptic neurons and glial cells; 60 papers were included in this review.
138 of pre-OLs is an integral component of axon-glial communication and is required for the function and
139 Oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation and axon-glial communication are required for proper myelination
142 chondrial dysfunction in which primary mixed glial cultures (astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocyt
145 athological hallmark is the oligodendrocytic glial cytoplasmic inclusion (GCI) consisting of alpha-sy
147 the prominent neuronal migration and radial glial defects in hippocampus and cortex seen in double-K
149 n of Ret, a receptor tyrosine kinase for the glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands
153 e report that certain aspects of perineurial glial development and injury responses are mostly unaffe
154 ripheral motor axons, we assayed perineurial glial development, maturation, and response to injury.
156 progenitor cells (hGPCs) revealed disrupted glial differentiation-associated and synaptic gene expre
159 tant animals, whereas enhanced expression of glial Draper reverses Abeta accumulation, as well as beh
160 eurogenic ion transport with veratridine and glial driven responses consisted of both tetrodotoxin-se
161 his study, we investigated whether intrinsic glial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of sch
162 This is the first report demonstrating that glial dysfunctions could contribute to nonsyndromic auti
164 Here, we show that the highly conserved glial engulfment receptor Draper/MEGF10 provides neuropr
165 alphaSNAP phenotypes, which included loss of glial ensheathment of neuron cell bodies, increased neur
166 This work identifies essential roles for glial ensheathment of neuronal cell bodies in CNS homeos
167 he activity of enteric glia, either reducing glial expression of connexin 43 in Sox10::CreER(T2+/-) /
169 in impaired AJ formation and aberrant radial glial fiber scaffolding in the embryonic mouse cortex.
170 b1 depletion favors NSC differentiation into glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactive cel
171 ice had a sharp increase in the glial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and in Slit2 at t
172 ascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expressions were
173 the astrocyte-specific intermediate filament glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) lead to the rare
175 rs S100B, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), in addition to m
176 The expression patterns of S100beta and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), were used as ind
177 cts, SBDPs) and glial cell injury biomarker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-breakdown product
178 e central nervous system (CNS) disorder with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-IgG as biomarker
179 nteric glial cells that stained positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP+) expressed gastri
180 in, levels of RAGE and Toll-like receptor 4, glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuronal nitric-oxid
181 ice were able to increase astrocyte-produced glial fibrillary acidic protein in the hippocampus, whic
182 e)-loxP system under regulation of the mouse glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter to knock out th
183 ium binding adaptor molecule 1), astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein), and neuronal nuclei we
184 a pointed star, especially when visualizing glial fibrillary acidic protein, a canonical marker for
185 nized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, and behavioral deficits
186 eriments in glial cells expressing vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and nestin, we show tha
187 be recognized as such by their expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, glutamine synthetase, g
188 retinal tissues using immunofluorescence for glial fibrillary acidic protein, microglia-specific prot
189 ies showed that postnatal ablation of LPL in glial fibrillary acidic protein-expressing astrocytes in
190 stry, GluR2-immunocytochemistry, Timm stain, glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunocytochemistry, glu
193 associate glutamate recycling, sleep, and a glial function for the App family proteins.SIGNIFICANCE
195 here is growing evidence that disruptions in glial function may be implicated in numerous neurologica
196 the effect of peripheral surgery on neuronal-glial function within hippocampal neuronal circuits of r
197 better understand the roles of microRNAs in glial function, we used a conditional deletion of Dicer1
199 description of the impact of inflammation on glial glutamate regulation at the cellular, molecular, a
200 aspartate transporter levels were higher and glial glutamate transporter 1 levels were lower in the D
203 the IL-1beta-dependent downregulation of the glial glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST), which cau
204 rgic currents dominate, blocking neuronal or glial glycine transporters enhances tonic glycinergic cu
205 (CNS) spatial domains that actively restrict glial growth, and selective ablation of cortex glia caus
208 vent motor neuron cell death, but it reduced glial inflammation and blocked activation of the stress-
210 ardized neuroprotection protocols that limit glial injury could significantly improve intact survival
211 on microscopy confirmed the presence of dual glial insertion at some nodes and further revealed that
212 eview, we consider recent insights into axon-glial interactions during development and disease to pro
213 In sum, this review will argue that neural-glial interactions represent an important avenue for adv
218 novel disease mechanism and the finding that glial lipid metabolism is critical for axon function, in
219 ing series double immunostained for a radial glial marker (BLBP) and cell proliferation marker (PCNA)
220 NgR123-null mice had a sharp increase in the glial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and
222 therefore suggest a causal role for impaired glial maturation in the development of schizophrenia and
223 riggers swift responses from glia, including glial migration and phagocytic clearance of damaged neur
224 y as essential for the maintenance of cortex glial morphology and continued contact with neurons.
226 wed that LIF promoted the differentiation of glial nerve sheath Schwann cells and induced their migra
227 exploit this bottleneck to define roles for glial Netrin and Semaphorin in pioneer- and follower-axo
228 An axoglial adhesion complex comprising glial Neurofascin155 and axonal Caspr/Contactin flanks m
229 restored by FKBP1b associated primarily with glial-neuroinflammatory, ribosomal, and lysosomal catego
231 characterized by increased expression of the glial nexin Serpine2, the human ortholog, which was incr
234 fully viable in the absence of any signs of glial or neuronal loss, suggesting that astrocytes are n
236 peration of P2X7Rs at neurons, more recently glial P2X7Rs are increasingly considered as indirect cau
237 an extended period of time in the absence of glial pathology or unspecific signs of neurodegeneration
240 imic in vivo temporal patterns of neuron and glial production, with immature progenitors and neurons
241 stablish humanized glial chimeric mice using glial progenitor cells (GPCs) produced from induced plur
243 ghly elongated basal processes of the radial glial progenitor cells and impairment of postmitotic neu
244 Cell, Windrem et al. (2017) transplant human glial progenitors from schizophrenia patients into mouse
246 ng from low-titre retrovirus-infected radial glial progenitors in the embryonic medial ganglionic emi
247 stigated the effect of Abeta on neuronal and glial proliferation by using an APP/PS1 transgenic model
248 axonal proteins (betaII spectrin, Caspr) and glial proteins (neurofascin-155, ankyrin B) form periodi
251 ignificant decrease of retinal thickness and glial reactivity was observed without an increase in apo
252 but the repertoire of molecules required for glial recognition and destruction of Abeta are still unc
255 adhesion molecules [neurofascin-186, neuron glial-related cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM)] can arrang
257 flammatory model that allows the analysis of glial responses in MS, we show that endogenous CRYAB exp
259 euroepithelial (NE) cells differ from radial glial (RG) cells in both primary tissue and in stem cell
260 r, our studies reveal previously undescribed glial roles in pioneer-axon guidance, suggesting conserv
261 midal neurons and malformation of the radial glial scaffold, akin to the hippocampal lamination defec
263 ctive, we discuss the divergent roles of the glial scar during CNS regeneration and explore the possi
266 cytokines leads to dramatic inflammation and glial scar formation, affecting brain tissue's ability t
271 tional heterogeneity within the cells of the glial scar-specifically, astrocytes, NG2 glia and microg
274 ar composition of neural tissue and leads to glial scarring, which inhibits the regrowth of damaged a
276 glia largely segregate into the fibrotic and glial scars, respectively; therefore, we used a thymidin
277 rs of chromaffin cells arise from peripheral glial stem cells, termed Schwann cell precursors (SCPs).
284 d mice showed spatiotemporal transmission of glial tau pathology, suggesting glial tau transmission c
286 nsmission of glial tau pathology, suggesting glial tau transmission contributes to the progression of
287 ioid-based pain management via inhibition of glial TLR4 and illustrate the necessity for sex-specific
289 quires enteric glia can be attributed to non-glial toxicity in Gfap(HSV-TK) mice and epithelial-cell
290 ct is absent in slices treated with either a glial toxin or an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist.
293 ate-aspartate transporter (GLAST), a crucial glial transporter involved in glutamate homeostasis.
296 4 females) with histopathogical diagnosis of glial tumor undergoing routine cranial MRI, SWI, and per
298 e with oncogenic Ras to promote formation of glial tumours, and that, in this context, Mal/serum resp
301 ry acidic protein (GFAP) and in Slit2 at the glial wedge and indusium griseum, midline structures req
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