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   1 ealed that virulence requires the glycolipid glucosylceramide.                                       
     2 dministration of anti-CD3 antibody plus beta-glucosylceramide.                                       
     3 ns in levels of ceramide, sphingomyelin, and glucosylceramide.                                       
     4 eramide synthase results in a mutant lacking glucosylceramide.                                       
     5 the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of glucosylceramide.                                       
     6 hality of worms, in part, through modulating glucosylceramide.                                       
     7  (GCS), the enzyme that converts ceramide to glucosylceramide.                                       
     8 tant cancer cells display elevated levels of glucosylceramide.                                       
     9 tant cancer cells display elevated levels of glucosylceramide.                                       
    10 H:OVCAR-3) also contained elevated levels of glucosylceramide.                                       
    11 y the plasma membrane localized sphingolipid glucosylceramide.                                       
    12 effects of MsDef1 on Ca(2+) were mediated by glucosylceramide.                                       
    13 ctivated macrophages engorged with lysosomal glucosylceramide.                                       
    14 ng gene, GBA, which leads to accumulation of glucosylceramides.                                      
    15 , thus designating the accumulated lipids as glucosylceramides.                                      
    16 mmediate precursor, as well as ceramides and glucosylceramides.                                      
    17    A novel strategy for the synthesis of D,L-glucosylceramide 1, a member of the glycosphingolipid cl
  
  
    20 mellar-granule-associated antibody, and with glucosylceramides, a major lipid component of lamellar g
    21 analyses showed varying rates of progressive glucosylceramide accumulation in visceral organs of pmut
  
  
    24 ng of a UDP-galactose: beta-d-galactosyl-1,4-glucosylceramide alpha-1, 3-galactosyltransferase (iGb(3
  
    26 ase activity and protein levels, increase in glucosylceramide and alpha-synuclein levels as well as a
  
  
  
  
  
    32 cing GBA1 blocked PMA-induced degradation of glucosylceramide and generation of sphingosine, the sour
  
    34 ice with the GCS inhibitor reduced levels of glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine in the central 
    35  In 8-week IFG-treated mice, the accumulated glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine were reduced by
    36 ctivity and stored the glycolipid substrates glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine, demonstrating 
  
  
    39 present study, d-t-EtDO-P4 depleted cellular glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide in cultured ECV304
  
    41 ow-density lipoprotein, Ca(2+) deposits, and glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide synthase activity.
    42 reinforced by the identification of only one glucosylceramide and one galactosylceramide synthase, bo
  
  
  
    46 w MSCs is associated with increased cellular glucosylceramide and up-regulation of inflammatory media
  
    48 ransferase, responsible for the synthesis of glucosylceramides and cholesterol sulfate, respectively,
    49 , is enriched in a more polar mixture; i.e., glucosylceramides and phospholipids, which it delivers t
    50  particular, mTORC2 stimulated sphingolipid (glucosylceramide) and glycerophospholipid (cardiolipin) 
    51    Specific sphingolipids, such as ceramide, glucosylceramide, and ganglioside GM3, have been implica
  
    53 FA2H occurs prior to generation of ceramides/glucosylceramides; and 3) 2-hydroxyceramides/2-hydroxygl
    54 It is concluded that high cellular levels of glucosylceramide are correlated with MDR, and that glyco
    55 of lamellar bodies into the stratum corneum, glucosylceramides are metabolized to ceramides, which co
  
    57 -hydroxyceramide); and acylglucosylceramide, glucosylceramide-B, and glucosylceramide-D], whereas cer
  
    59 the activation of Src kinase by depletion of glucosylceramide-based glycosphingolipids in cultured EC
    60 ceptor assay, demonstrated that depletion of glucosylceramide-based glycosphingolipids in cultured EC
  
  
    63 of stimulating the activity of UDP-galactose:glucosylceramide beta(1-->4)-galactosyltransferase in a 
  
    65 used beta-D-GalCer-deficient mice and beta-D-glucosylceramide (beta-D-GlcCer)-deficient cells to defi
  
    67 uman keratinocytes with concurrent increased glucosylceramide but not sphingomyelin generation in the
    68 an essential co-factor for the hydrolysis of glucosylceramide by acid beta-glucosidase in mammals.   
    69 e present study, the depletion of endogenous glucosylceramide by D-t-EtDO-P4 in cultured ECV304 cells
  
  
    72 ceramide-D], whereas ceramide 1, ceramide 3, glucosylceramide-C, and sphingomyelin remained unchanged
    73 der caused by a defect in the degradation of glucosylceramide catalyzed by the lysosomal enzyme beta-
    74 AdrR), which exhibits marked accumulation of glucosylceramide compared with the parental MCF-7 wild t
    75 e biological consequences of the increase in glucosylceramide composition, R28 retinal neurons were t
  
    77 t-EtDO-P4 was abolished by exogenously added glucosylceramide, consistent with a specific glycosphing
    78 EtDO-P4 resulted in a 55% reduction in renal glucosylceramide, consistent with rapid renal glucosylce
    79 cylglucosylceramide, glucosylceramide-B, and glucosylceramide-D], whereas ceramide 1, ceramide 3, glu
  
  
  
    83 characterized impact of CBE on the lysosomal glucosylceramide-degrading enzyme (glucocerebrosidase, G
    84 g the cell wall-associated glycosphingolipid glucosylceramide (Delta gcs1), previously characterized 
    85 hat a Cryptococcus neoformans mutant lacking glucosylceramide (Deltagcs1) is avirulent and unable to 
  
    87  C-gamma1 was enhanced by EGF stimulation in glucosylceramide-depleted cells, associated with enhance
    88 lipase C-gamma1 in control cells, whereas in glucosylceramide-depleted cells, suppression of Src kina
  
    90 y promote excess accumulation of ceramide or glucosylceramide derivatives, which impair insulin actio
  
    92 ituents in the aminocyclitols and the parent glucosylceramide does not seem to be strictly necessary 
  
    94 65 by controlling the UGCG-mediated ceramide/glucosylceramide equilibrium as a downstream molecular s
  
  
  
    98 , a macrophage containing much of the stored glucosylceramide found in tissues, which is believed to 
    99  Synthesis of the corresponding ceramide and glucosylceramide fractions was enhanced by vitamin C, at
   100 acids (mmBCFAs) and their derivative, d17iso-glucosylceramide, function in the intestine to promote f
  
   102 und to stimulate the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosylceramide, galactosylceramide, and sphingomyelin.
   103 s, which are converted to sphingomyelins and glucosylceramides/gangliosides by the addition of polar 
   104 e) in Gaucher disease causes accumulation of glucosylceramide (GC) and glucosylsphingosine (GS) that 
   105 tem (CNS) phenotype attributed to diminished glucosylceramide (GC) cleavage activity by acid beta-glu
   106 A1 mutations drive extensive accumulation of glucosylceramide (GC) in multiple innate and adaptive im
  
   108 d beta-glucosidase (GCase) and the resultant glucosylceramide (GC)/glucosylsphingosine (GS) accumulat
   109 s the accumulation of two key sphingolipids, glucosylceramide (GL-1) and glucosylsphingosine (LysoGL-
  
  
   112 leads to the accumulation of two substrates, glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and glucosylsphingosine (GlcSp
  
   114  the content of sphingomyelin, ceramide, and glucosylceramide (GlcCer) in circulating lipoproteins in
   115 ting evidence suggests a pathogenic role for glucosylceramide (GlcCer) in multiple forms of PKD.     
   116 he sequential addition of monosaccharides to glucosylceramide (GlcCer) in the lumen of the Golgi appa
  
  
  
   120 d pathogenicity of a Cryptococcus neoformans glucosylceramide (GlcCer) mutant shines new light on the
  
   122 ionship between venous thrombosis and plasma glucosylceramide (GlcCer) or phosphatidylethanolamine (P
   123 2, or SRC3 resulted in decreases in specific glucosylceramide (GlcCer) species but not other lipids s
   124 mino-3-pyrrolidino-1-propanol (EtDO-P4), the glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthase inhibitor, which depl
   125  non-lysosomal beta-glucosidase GBA2 degrade glucosylceramide (GlcCer) to glucose and ceramide in dif
  
   127 hosphate adaptor protein 2 (FAPP2) transfers glucosylceramide (GlcCer), a lipid that takes an unexpec
   128 tural isolates of lactosylceramide (LacCer), glucosylceramide (GlcCer), and galactosylceramide (GalCe
   129 eratinocyte differentiation, the glycolipid, glucosylceramide (GlcCer), is thought to be synthesized,
  
  
  
   133      Here we show that the glycosphingolipid glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which is present in C. neofor
  
  
  
  
  
   139 y is associated with the accumulation of its glucosylceramide (GluCer) substrate in PD brain tissues.
   140 nto compact, assembly-state intermediates by glucosylceramide (GluCer), without apparent disassembly 
   141 show that, whereas GD-related sphingolipids (glucosylceramide, glucosylsphingosine, sphingosine, sphi
  
   143 , we found increased cholesterol and altered glucosylceramide homeostasis which could compromise ALR.
   144 tagcs1, we studied the role of C. neoformans glucosylceramide in a T- and NK-cell-immunodeficient mou
  
  
   147 ceramide was efficiently converted to NBD C6-glucosylceramide in live cells or in mouse tissues, wher
   148 a functional role of the fungal sphingolipid glucosylceramide in regulating sensitivity of the fungus
  
  
   151 n progressive accumulation of the substrate (glucosylceramide) in macrophages, leading to hepatosplen
  
   153      Based on our findings, we conclude that glucosylceramide is essential for MsDef1-mediated growth
  
   155  that an mmBCFA-derived sphingolipid, d17iso-glucosylceramide, is a critical metabolite in regulating
   156  mediator ceramide to a nonfunctional moiety glucosylceramide, is overexpressed in many MDR tumor typ
   157 s supplemented with ceramide, sphingomyelin, glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and ganglioside G(D3
   158 ral blood neutrophils, myeloblasts expressed glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and the neolacto-fam
   159 es were characterized as galactosylceramide, glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, galabiaosylceramide,
   160 te the degradation of both sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide leading to the salvage pathway of ceram
   161 of these mutants revealed a 50% reduction in glucosylceramide levels and a corresponding increase in 
  
   163  a significant approximately 30% increase in glucosylceramide levels in fed diabetic rats compared wi
   164 howed a concentration-dependent decrement in glucosylceramide levels in kidney, liver, and spleen.   
   165  all circumventors of MDR, markedly decrease glucosylceramide levels in MCF-7-AdrR cells (IC50 values
  
   167 sociated gammopathy is reactive against lyso-glucosylceramide (LGL1), which is markedly elevated in t
   168 ipids directly to the worms, we suggest that glucosylceramide may be a key mediator of the effects of
   169 dy showing that modulating the catabolism of glucosylceramide may be a therapeutic target for this de
  
  
  
   173 on GBA2 selectivity offset against the other glucosylceramide metabolizing enzymes, glucosylceramide 
   174 ytes increased significantly by 8 h, whereas glucosylceramide only modestly increased, and sphingomye
  
   176 tant mice do not accumulate large amounts of glucosylceramide or exhibit classic Gaucher cells in tis
   177 -ceramide, and not its further metabolism to glucosylceramide or sphingomyelin, activated ATF-6 upon 
   178 es ceramide levels by converting ceramide to glucosylceramide, prevented the inhibitory effects of C(
   179 ched-chain fatty acids (mmBCFAs) and derived glucosylceramide promote intestinal TORC1 activity for p
   180 ptotic metabolites such as sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide protects cells from ceramide-induced ap
   181    We discuss the possible connections among glucosylceramide, protein aggregate clearance, and autop
   182 either GM3, c-Src, nor Rho A but did contain glucosylceramide, Ras, a very small quantity of sphingom
  
   184 ramide (C(2)-Cer and C(6)-Cer), but not C(8)-glucosylceramides, sphingosine, or ceramide 1-phosphate,
  
  
   187 holesterol and glycosphingolipids, including glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) (gene Ugcg)-derived gang
   188 n mammalian sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) and glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) and yeast inositol phosp
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   198 native approach that involves suppression of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), an enzyme that glycosyl
   199 other glucosylceramide metabolizing enzymes, glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), lysosomal glucosylceram
  
  
   202 s was achieved by cellular transfection with glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), the enzyme that convert
  
  
  
   206 olipid C9-methyltransferases (SmtA/SmtB) and glucosylceramide synthase (GcsA) to fungal phenotypes, s
   207 n CD4(+) T cells using a potent inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase (Genz-122346) led to a moderat
   208 ceptor), and TNF-stimulated Gb3 synthase and glucosylceramide synthase activities but did not affect 
   209  0.01); both serine palmitoyltransferase and glucosylceramide synthase activities remained unaltered.
  
   211   4'-Hydroxy-P4 and ethylenedioxy-P4 blocked glucosylceramide synthase activity at concentrations tha
  
   213 mal developmental increases in activities of glucosylceramide synthase and cholesterol sulfotransfera
   214 lamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol.HCI (PDMP), a glucosylceramide synthase and LacCer synthase (galactosy
   215 lamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol.HCl (PDMP), a glucosylceramide synthase and LacCer synthase (GalT-2) i
   216 pholino-1-propanol (D-PDMP), an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase and lactosylceramide synthase 
   217 ol (PDMP), which inhibits acid ceramidase or glucosylceramide synthase and then increases endogenous 
  
  
   220    d-t-EtDO-P4 has the advantage of blocking glucosylceramide synthase at low nanomolar concentration
   221   Our results suggest that (a) inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase does not reverse multidrug res
  
   223 hibiting glycolipid biosynthesis by blocking glucosylceramide synthase has been proposed to reverse d
  
  
  
   227 e induction of T-cell apoptosis, because the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor (PPPP) significantly
   228  ceramide synthase inhibitor fumonisin B1 or glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor 1-phenyl-2-decanoyla
   229 D4 and various chemokine receptors, with the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor 1-phenyl-2-hexadecan
   230 yristoylphosphatidylcholine liposome and the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor D-PDMP induced cell 
  
   232  earlier studies utilized a first generation glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor to deplete cells of 
   233 ssion was reduced approximately 40% with the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, d-threo-1-phenyl-2-
  
   235 lioside synthesis in SK-RC-45 cells with the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, PPPP, protected T c
   236 lene, antagonists of Ryrs and by Genz-161, a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor, suggesting substrat
   237 ), proteases (trypsin and chymotrypsin), and glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors (dl-threo-1-phenyl-
  
   239 both multidrug-resistant cell lines with the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors PDMP (d-threo-1-phe
   240 rs C9DGJ and C4DGJ, which are more selective glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors than PDMP, failed t
  
  
   243 xample, either ganglioside addition or human glucosylceramide synthase overexpression suppresses insu
  
   245  A null mutation of the FgGCS1 gene encoding glucosylceramide synthase results in a mutant lacking gl
   246  of knockout mice with a potent inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase reversed accumulation of globo
   247 s are considerably more potent inhibitors of glucosylceramide synthase than their aliphatic counterpa
  
   249    D-threo-3', 4'-Ethylenedioxy-P4-inhibited glucosylceramide synthase was comparably active to the p
   250  the potency of these inhibitors in blocking glucosylceramide synthase was primarily dependent upon t
  
   252 ecanoylamino-3 -pyrrolidino-1-propanol-HC l (glucosylceramide synthase), which depletes cellular gang
   253 yldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ), an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase, a pivotal enzyme in the early
   254 3-morpholino-1-propanol HCl, an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase, markedly abrogated gangliosid
  
   256 hreo-ethylenedioxyphenyl-P4, an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase, restored cholesterol in cultu
   257 dentified sites of action: the inhibition of glucosylceramide synthase, resulting in the depletion of
  
  
   260 s led to the identification of inhibitors of glucosylceramide synthase, the enzyme catalyzing the fir
   261 ted for 7 weeks with a specific inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase, the initial enzyme involved i
  
   263      Finally, stable overexpression of human glucosylceramide synthase, which attenuates ceramide lev
   264 tat, a small iminosugar, reversibly inhibits glucosylceramide synthase, which catalyses the first com
   265 ort that ceramide glycosylation catalyzed by glucosylceramide synthase, which is enhanced in breast c
  
  
   268 irimycin derivatives on their merits as dual glucosylceramide synthase/neutral glucosylceramidase inh
   269 d by fumonisin B(1) and by overexpression of glucosylceramide synthase; again implicating endogenous 
  
  
   272 sient ganglioside depletion by inhibition of glucosylceramide synthesis of MEB4 melanoma cells in vit
  
   274 orpholino-1-propanol (PPMP), an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthesis, blocked karyokinesis and red
   275 ino-3-morpholino-1-propanol, an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthesis, likewise sensitized MCF-7-Ad
   276 t of the host with a novel p.o. inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthesis, the imino sugar OGT2378, inh
  
   278 ion, but the addition of galactosylceramide, glucosylceramide, the monosialoganglioside, GM3, lactosy
   279 glucose from UDP-glucose to ceramide to form glucosylceramide, the precursor of most higher order gly
   280 ramide glycosylation, converting ceramide to glucosylceramide; this process hastens ceramide clearanc
  
   282 ion, beta-glucocerebrosidase, which converts glucosylceramide to ceramide, and steroid sulfatase, whi
  
   284  beta-glucosidase 1 (GBA1), which hydrolyzes glucosylceramide to form lysosomal ceramide, was involve
  
  
   287  the requirement for enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosylceramides to ceramide for epidermal barrier home
   288      Whereas the extracellular processing of glucosylceramides to ceramides has been shown to be requ
   289 transporter that facilitates the delivery of glucosylceramides to epidermal lamellar bodies in kerati
   290 lycosphingolipids, particularly ceramide and glucosylceramide, to neurodegeneration and to motor unit
   291 strated that glucosylceramide synthase (GCS; glucosylceramide transferase), but not acid sphingomyeli
  
   293 lyze the crucial modification of ceramide to glucosylceramide via UDP-glucose ceramide glucosyltransf
   294      Incorporation of [3H]palmitic acid into glucosylceramide was strikingly higher (8-10 times) in M
  
   296 r lipid Ags presented by CD1d, such as alpha-glucosylceramide, was distinct from type I NKT cells.   
  
   298 euraminosyl-alpha(2, 3)-galactosyl-beta(1,4)-glucosylceramide), were inactive in causing vesicle form
   299 poorly to a glucose-linked glycolipid (alpha-glucosylceramide), which correlated with their lack of a
   300 ity of Valpha24- T cells to respond to alpha-glucosylceramide, which differs from alphaGalCer in the 
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