ライフサイエンスコーパス: glycocalyx

1 llaries from wear and infection (endothelial glycocalyx).

2 GEnCs expressed HA and CS in the glycocalyx.

3 king viral entry mediators on the epithelial glycocalyx.

4 iglec-E receptor protein bound to the neural glycocalyx.

5 glycocalyx is 2.2 faster than in the intact glycocalyx.

6 inds to sialic acid residues of the cellular glycocalyx.

7 iking down-regulation of components of their glycocalyx.

8 ssed as resulting from interactions with the glycocalyx.

9 s-linking transmembrane mucins on the apical glycocalyx.

10 ger 2 (AE2), and (3) an intact cholangiocyte glycocalyx.

11 al of sialic acid residues from the neuronal glycocalyx.

12 gh its interaction with mucins on the apical glycocalyx.

13 ed, leaving breaches in the protective MUC16 glycocalyx.

14 resembles that proposed for the endothelial glycocalyx.

15 e decrease of polymer penetration into their glycocalyx.

16 eractions between macromolecules and the RBC glycocalyx.

17 r outer bilayers that is characteristic of a glycocalyx.

18 eparan sulfate proteoglycans on the cellular glycocalyx.

19 ant effacement of microvilli and loss of the glycocalyx.

20 ity chromatography, were also covered with a glycocalyx.

21 d Caco-2 cells that lacked brush borders and glycocalyx.

22 a significant elaboration of the endothelial glycocalyx.

23 nd nonsecretor antigens, distributing on the glycocalyx.

24 by selective desialylation of the tumor cell glycocalyx.

25 lst depletion of ADAMTS6 induces a prominent glycocalyx.

26 ons to transfer cholesterol past a lysosomal glycocalyx.

27 lipoprotein-derived cholesterol across this glycocalyx.

28 induced damage to the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx.

29 ced disruption of the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx.

30 the predominant HS proteoglycan in the GEnC glycocalyx.

31 ription of the structure and dynamics of the glycocalyx.

32 lycoproteins that contribute to the cellular glycocalyx.

33 indicate that after acute degradation of the glycocalyx, 5 to 7 days are required for the layer to en

34 evented by repulsive forces generated by the glycocalyx, a dense and confluent layer of large and neg

35 Degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx, a glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-rich layer lining

36 are marked by degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx, a layer of glycosaminoglycans (including hep

37 To understand the function of the glycocalyx, a molecular level characterization is necess

38 Cells are coated with a glycocalyx-a layer of carbohydrate-containing biomolecul

39 s that are predicted to form a dense surface glycocalyx above which the polyanionic -Glu-Pro-Pro-Thr-

40 rophoresis, we showed that the stereociliary glycocalyx acts as a negatively charged polymer brush.

41 that remove components of the apical surface glycocalyx, AdV transduction occurred.

42 The diffusional hindrance of the glycocalyx along the cell surface on exocytotic peaks, o

43 Patients with ESLD suffer from glycocalyx alterations, and ischemia-reperfusion injury

44 inst distinct types of mucins (SMC and AM3), glycocalyx (AMEM2), keratin K3 (AE5), and K12 (AK2).

45 ded the most reliable measure of endothelial glycocalyx anatomy, correlating with paired, numerically

46 e a redistribution of mobile ions within the glycocalyx and a rehydration and restoration of the laye

47 An intact glycocalyx and adequate AE2 expression are crucial in th

48 w through the endothelial surface layer (the glycocalyx and adsorbed plasma proteins) plays an import

49 k endothelial surface coat consisting of the glycocalyx and associated plasma proteins has been hypot

50 1 inhibition restores glomerular endothelial glycocalyx and barrier function and reduces tissue infla

51 ilm comprised of their external cell surface glycocalyx and by production of extracellular carbohydra

52 nd independently associated with endothelial glycocalyx and cell damage (ie, endotheliopathy) and fur

53 studies of the structure of the endothelial glycocalyx and dependent microvascular functions in vivo

54 erular microvascular endothelial cell (GEnC) glycocalyx and examined whether these are modified by va

55 that Siglec-E recognizes the intact neuronal glycocalyx and has neuroprotective function by preventin

56 haracterized the glomerular endothelial cell glycocalyx and have shown that it contributes to the bar

57 or 2), the boundary covered with a layer of glycocalyx and membrane protrusions ("brush" models).

58 This process involved disruption of the glycocalyx and rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton.

59 llaries are developed across the endothelial glycocalyx and that the oncotic pressure of interstitial

60 New concepts including the capillary glycocalyx and the 'baby lung' model have reshaped think

61 voltage differential between the undeformed glycocalyx and the capillary lumen of approximately 0.1

62 ion of leukocyte microvilli with endothelial glycocalyx and the necessary conditions for glycocalyx p

63 nd dynamic frameworks such as the cell wall, glycocalyx, and cytoskeleton.

64 tion of these cells with basement membranes, glycocalyx, and fibrils of collagen in copepods conforms

65 ed to develop apical pinopods, had increased glycocalyx, and retained a columnar shape during the per

66 n diabetes, the size and permeability of the glycocalyx are altered.

67 ness and on polymer penetration into the RBC glycocalyx are considered for 40 to 500 kDa dextran and

68 sialic acid residues within the endothelial glycocalyx are critical regulators of microvascular perm

69 Although components of the glycocalyx are important in cell-cell interactions and o

70 aminoglycans (GAGs) as one major part of the glycocalyx are involved in many essential biological cel

71 In vertebrates, the terminal sugars of the glycocalyx are often sialic acids, 9-carbon backbone ani

72 Although its functions in the ocular surface glycocalyx are unknown, it is thought that MUC16 provide

73 Because of the large deformations of the glycocalyx arising from passing leukocytes, nonlinear ki

74 gression, and offer a new view of the cancer glycocalyx as a major driver of disease progression.

75 paran sulfate, pointing to disruption of the glycocalyx as the mechanism likely mediating IS-induced

76 gest that dialysis patients have an impaired glycocalyx barrier and shed its constituents into blood,

77 mucin, MUC16, and a concomitant reduction in glycocalyx barrier function.

78 ocytes into glycocalyx, indicating a loss of glycocalyx barrier properties.

79 lammation had more significant damage to the glycocalyx barrier.

80 Disruption of the glycocalyx by hyaluronidase on the dendrite side alone i

81 Roles are shown for the glycocalyx, caveolae, perictyes, sphingosine-1-phosphate

82 t in the A3AR were completely protected from glycocalyx changes attributable to adenosine.

83 ucture provides visualization of an N-linked glycocalyx coat, and consideration of glycan dynamics re

84 A Sia-rich glycocalyx coats the surface of sperm, allowing them to

85 Here, we investigated the role of the glycocalyx component syndecan-1 (sdc-1) in controlling t

86 red mucins were considered to be significant glycocalyx components that restricted AdV access because

87 ith a deletion of Muc1, suggested that other glycocalyx components, possibly other tethered mucin typ

88 matory cells synthesize a rich extracellular glycocalyx composed of the chondroitin sulfate-proteogly

89 Glycocalyx, composed of glycoproteins including proteogl

90 s a molecularly diverse surface glycan coat (glycocalyx) comprising its interface with its cellular e

91 s, both in vivo and in vitro, show that this glycocalyx confers the ability for UMSCs to survive the

92 patients also had higher serum levels of the glycocalyx constituents hyaluronan and syndecan-1 and in

93 that counterion-mediated interactions in the glycocalyx contribute to the stereociliary coherence tha

94 We hypothesized that marked shedding of the glycocalyx core protein, syndecan-1, occurs in end-stage

95 se to fluid shear stress, one transmitted by glycocalyx core proteins as a torque that acts on the ac

96 revealed that atrasentan treatment increases glycocalyx coverage in diabetic apoE KO mice from 40.7 +

97 n, however, increased glomerular endothelial glycocalyx coverage, with preservation of heparan sulfat

98 ine, noradrenaline), tissue/endothelial cell/glycocalyx damage (histone-complexed DNA fragments, anne

99 adrenal activation, tissue, endothelial, and glycocalyx damage, coagulation activation/inhibition, fi

100 provide an in vivo assessment of endothelial glycocalyx damage.

101 The implications of this glycocalyx deficiency under standard cell culture condit

102 Glycocalyx degradation increased the availability of end

103 Glycocalyx degradation involved the specific loss of hep

104 mice rapidly induced pulmonary microvascular glycocalyx degradation via tumor necrosis factor-alpha (

105 ute coagulopathy of trauma, and endovascular glycocalyx degradation with microcirculatory compromise.

106 L secretion, thus reducing activation of the glycocalyx-degrading enzyme heparanase.

107 d, numerically smaller values of endothelial glycocalyx depth (0.078 +/- 0.016 mum) from electron mic

108 euraminidase perfusion decreased endothelial glycocalyx depth and increased apparent solute permeabil

109 A broad range of glycocalyx depth measurements (0.17-3.02 mum) were obtai

110 techniques yield measurements of endothelial glycocalyx depth that vary by over an order of magnitude

111 ensitive and reliable measure of endothelial glycocalyx depth.

112 ar residue sialic acid of the mouse neuronal glycocalyx determines complement C1 binding and microgli

113 The glycocalyx did not bind protein A-colloidal gold and the

114 tream Darkfield imaging to detect changes in glycocalyx dimension in dialysis patients and healthy co

115 4 is likely to contribute to the endothelial glycocalyx disruption observed in diabetes and inflammat

116 Consideration of shear flow and glycocalyx does not alter the computed threshold of anti

117 st that HYAL1 contributes to endothelial and glycocalyx dysfunction induced by diabetes.

118 omedicines for many diseases associated with glycocalyx dysfunction.

119 vestigate vascular fragility and endothelial glycocalyx (ECG) in images of the healthy gingival crevi

120 Precision glycocalyx editing with antibody-enzyme conjugates is th

121 polymers therefore expand the application of glycocalyx engineering in glycobiology.

122 r 2 h, were covered with an extensive, dense glycocalyx extending approximately 0.5 microm from the c

123 tivity of orthoboric groups to diols in cell glycocalyx facilitated a rapid cross-membrane translocat

124 Our data revealed that a bulky glycocalyx facilitates integrin clustering by funnelling

125 hods for obtaining improved estimates of the glycocalyx fixed-charge density and permeability in vivo

126 ical estimates of glycocalyx properties, the glycocalyx fixed-charge density is estimated from the an

127 exists approximately one fixed charge on the glycocalyx for every 100 ions in blood.

128 encodes an X-linked chaperone important for glycocalyx formation, was recently identified as an IBD

129 ABSTRACT: The endothelial glycocalyx forms a continuous coat over the luminal surf

130 produce characteristic patterns of released glycocalyx fragments.

131 ely due to lateral migration of normal mucin glycocalyx from WT cells over KO crypts.

132 te, the dominant glycosaminoglycan of the EC glycocalyx, from cultured ECs.

133 the roles of cell-surface carbohydrates (the glycocalyx), fundamental for cell-recognition events.

134 The presence of an intact glycocalyx had a greater impact on antibody binding than

135 anding of the functional significance of the glycocalyx has been made possible through recently devel

136 n recent years, the endothelial cell surface glycocalyx has emerged as a structure of fundamental imp

137 the existence of a hydrodynamically relevant glycocalyx having a mean thickness of 0.38 microm in art

138 he expression of MUC16 in the ocular surface glycocalyx helps provide a disadhesive protective barrie

139 Damage to endothelial glycocalyx impairs vascular barrier function and may con

140 ted at the apical cell membrane but that the glycocalyx impedes interaction of AdV with apical recept

141 l of atrasentan to stabilize the endothelial glycocalyx in diabetic apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient

142 carbohydrate composition of the endothelial glycocalyx in microvessels in the spinal cord may be dra

143 study to address the role of the endothelial glycocalyx in protein leakage over the glomerular filtra

144 overview of the endothelial surface layer or glycocalyx in several roles: as a transport barrier, as

145 e results suggest an important role for this glycocalyx in the restriction of glomerular protein pass

146 mortality, but the state of the endothelial glycocalyx in these patients is unknown.

147 ure of the human glomerular endothelial cell glycocalyx in vitro and examine its functional relevance

148 tain a physiologically relevant cell surface glycocalyx in vitro, we sought to determine whether mere

149 To track the endogenous recovery of the glycocalyx in vivo, we used fluorescent microparticle im

150 opy that are capable of directly probing the glycocalyx in vivo.

151 Disruption of glycocalyx increased the amount of antibody bound at equ

152 The simulations show that the glycocalyx increases the effective concentration of FGFs

153 with deeper penetration of erythrocytes into glycocalyx, indicating a loss of glycocalyx barrier prop

154 evaluate interstitial Na(+) and endothelial glycocalyx integrity.

155 The glycocalyx interacts directly with hemodynamic forces fr

156 The transformation of the GlcNAc "glycocalyx" into a Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc "glycocalyx" relab

157 uronic acid (HA) is a major component of the glycocalyx involved in the vascular wall and endothelial

158 of small molecules in the partially digested glycocalyx is 2.2 faster than in the intact glycocalyx.

159 The endothelial glycocalyx is a dynamic extracellular matrix composed of

160 Thus, a bulky glycocalyx is a feature of tumour cells that could foste

161 The endothelial surface glycocalyx is a hydrated mesh in which proteoglycans are

162 The glycocalyx is a layer of glycoaminoglycans, proteoglycan

163 The glycocalyx is a sugar-rich layer located at the luminal

164 The glycocalyx is a thin layer of glycolipids, glycoproteins

165 Because the endothelial glycocalyx is also reduced in diabetic nephropathy, we h

166 rdium in situations in which the endothelial glycocalyx is damaged.

167 ls will be less dependent upon NPC1 if their glycocalyx is decreased in density.

168 f structures such as the endothelial surface glycocalyx is important in minimizing albumin loss from

169 epitope recognized by PNA and located in the glycocalyx is involved in the early recognition events b

170 Since the glycocalyx is likely to have implications for broad area

171 cessary to determine the extent to which the glycocalyx is present on arteriolar endothelium.

172 ctural integrity of a glomerular endothelial glycocalyx is required to prevent albuminuria.

173 ecognition events, a fundamental role of the glycocalyx is the inhibition of nonspecific interactions

174 rnal region of a cell membrane, known as the glycocalyx, is dominated by glycosylated molecules, whic

175 The anatomical distance between maximal glycocalyx label and maximal endothelial cell plasma mem

176 distance between peak cell membrane and peak glycocalyx label provided the most reliable measure of e

177 th fluorescent endothelial cell membrane and glycocalyx labels, and imaged with confocal microscopy.

178 neuronal structures with an altered neuronal glycocalyx lacking terminal sialic acid.

179 the adjusted association of the endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) and tight and adherens junction m

180 O production; degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) drastically reduces EC production

181 ion ignores the existence of the endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL), which may inhibit the diffusion

182 a glycosaminoglycan component of the surface glycocalyx layer is a fluid shear stress sensor on endot

183 esigned a simple coarse-grained model of the glycocalyx layer, or adhesive mucus layer (AML), covered

184 Continuous glycocalyx layers in mammalian microvessels of choroid,

185 by degradation of the pulmonary endothelial glycocalyx, leading to neutrophil adherence and inflamma

186 rotruding into the aqueous phase, creating a glycocalyx-like coating.

187 ctionated heparin chains, coats cells with a glycocalyx-like layer and may inhibit (xeno)transplant-a

188 nsfer efficiency because the lumenal surface glycocalyx limited the access of AdV to apical GPI-CAR.

189 nd well-organized microvilli with associated glycocalyx located at the apical pole.

190 inhibition prevented endotoxemia-associated glycocalyx loss and neutrophil adhesion and, accordingly

191 r function of the intestinal epithelial cell glycocalyx may be important in limiting microbial adhere

192 cell culture model can be used to elucidate glycocalyx-mediated mechanisms of endothelial cell funct

193 igands presented at the nanoscale within the glycocalyx mimicking layers on surfaces.

194 troduce the most detailed, to-date, all-atom glycocalyx model, composed of lipid bilayer, proteoglyca

195 r hydrodynamic properties to the endothelial glycocalyx observed in vivo, was detected (0.21+/-0.27 m

196 e of a hydrodynamically relevant endothelial glycocalyx of approximately 0.5 microm in thickness is w

197 protein that is found in the apical membrane glycocalyx of cultured cells.

198 Human antibodies bound to the glycocalyx of cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells

199 , removed at 6 h, were covered with a sparse glycocalyx of fine fibers 0.2 to 0.3 microm from the cel

200 lected huNoV-like particles (VLPs) bound the glycocalyx of HIOs with matched HBGA phenotypes.

201 orporation of thiol functionalities into the glycocalyx of living cells.

202 cids in particular, are overexpressed on the glycocalyx of malignant tumor cells and sialic acid-medi

203 The glycocalyx of microvasculature in normal and injured spi

204 ngly suggest a substantial remodeling of the glycocalyx of spermatozoa and epididymal epithelial cell

205 The glycocalyx of the cell is composed of highly hydrated sa

206 Together, our study suggests that the glycocalyx of the osteocyte dendritic process is require

207 he production of a hydrodynamically relevant glycocalyx on a confluent monolayer of human umbilical v

208 vitro involved peripheral components of the glycocalyx on apical microvilli.

209 l, implying a highly nonlinear effect of the glycocalyx on binding.

210 echano-electrochemical theory of the surface glycocalyx on capillary endothelial cells is presented t

211 cosylated glycoproteins that coat the apical glycocalyx on mucosal surfaces and represent the first l

212 nce of surface microplicae, a well-developed glycocalyx on the apical cell membrane, and a normal app

213 vealed a substantial decrease in the anionic glycocalyx on the luminal face of the fenestral diaphrag

214 size, shear flow, and resistance due to the glycocalyx on the multivalent binding of functionalized

215 The glycocalyx or endocapillary layer on the luminal surface

216 parinase digestion of the endothelial cell's glycocalyx or sodium chlorate inhibition of endothelial

217 ar endothelial cells revealed a 200-nm thick glycocalyx over the plasma membrane, which was also demo

218 e that a heparan sulfate component of the EC glycocalyx participates in mechanosensing that mediates

219 Endothelial glycocalyx participates in the maintenance of vascular i

220 ll both increase substantially to facilitate glycocalyx penetration by the shorter microvilli.

221 glycocalyx and the necessary conditions for glycocalyx penetration to initiate cell rolling.

222 This study shows that the glycocalyx plays an important role in the diffusion kine

223 hts into the dynamic remodeling of the sperm glycocalyx prior to fertilization.

224 stigating whether bulky glycoproteins in the glycocalyx promote a tumour phenotype in human cells by

225 Here we report that a bulky glycocalyx promotes the expansion of disseminated tumor

226 s in RBC mobility, aggregation, and membrane glycocalyx properties for cells suspended in buffer and

227 ion was employed to calculate the changes of glycocalyx properties that were consistent with experime

228 ng experimental and theoretical estimates of glycocalyx properties, the glycocalyx fixed-charge densi

229 se expression in the podocyte, damage to the glycocalyx, proteinuria, and renal failure.

230 Mimicking the non-adhesive properties of a glycocalyx provides a potential solution to the clinical

231 accharide surfactant polymers, which, like a glycocalyx, provides a dense and confluent layer of olig

232 raminidase treatment removed the majority of glycocalyx, reduced trans-endothelial electrical resista

233 Sialic acid residues of the endothelial glycocalyx regulate glycocalyx structure and microvessel

234 ealed a cascade of pathways that may mediate glycocalyx regulation of vasculogenesis.

235 cNAc "glycocalyx" into a Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc "glycocalyx" relabeled these vesicles, making them suscep

236 me points in the cardiac cycle show that the glycocalyx remains hydrodynamically relevant in arteriol

237 This glycocalyx remodeling strategy is versatile and may be a

238 Furthermore, we study the glycocalyx response under shear flow and its role as a f

239 hed endothelial GAG network (the endothelial glycocalyx) results in increased vascular resistance and

240 to a membrane-distal region of the presumed glycocalyx rolled more like leukocytes: rolling steps we

241 showed a severe reduction in or loss of the glycocalyx (S-layer).

242 aluated the effects of general anesthesia on glycocalyx shedding and its association with acute kidne

243 Volatile anesthetics did not attenuate glycocalyx shedding in human OLT.

244 ticle, which is exposed without an extensive glycocalyx shield, interacts closely with the head domai

245 hat lack the major anionic components of the glycocalyx, sialic acid and glycosaminoglycans, and in c

246 dothelium-dependent vasodilation, arteriolar glycocalyx size, and glomerular barrier properties in wi

247 l-time in vivo quantification of endothelial glycocalyx structure and associated microvessel permeabi

248 increases glycocalyx thickness and maintains glycocalyx structure and HA content during diabetes; and

249 idues of the endothelial glycocalyx regulate glycocalyx structure and microvessel permeability to bot

250 e determined how a hydrodynamically relevant glycocalyx surface layer can be synthesized and maintain

251 e hydrodynamically relevant endothelial cell glycocalyx surface layer observed in microvessels in viv

252 ence continues to emerge suggesting that the glycocalyx surface layer on vascular endothelial cells p

253 The glycocalyx surrounding GP is likely central to immune ev

254 s are more readily trapped by the glomerular glycocalyx than larger ones.

255 tence of a hydrodynamically relevant surface glycocalyx that essentially eliminates fluid shear stres

256 Lysosomes are lined with a glycocalyx that protects the limiting membrane from the

257 tend to accumulate upstream of the podocyte glycocalyx that spans the slit, but none are observed up

258 the outer retinal surface into a specialized glycocalyx, the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM), which c

259 With intact glycocalyx, there was severe disruption of the dense per

260 es to estimate the hydrodynamically relevant glycocalyx thickness 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after enzymatic

261 (EDH)-mediated vasorelaxation; 2) increases glycocalyx thickness and maintains glycocalyx structure

262 Measurements of glycocalyx thickness by electron microscopy suggested th

263 othelial heparanase expression and increased glycocalyx thickness in the presence of a diabetic milie

264 e model also suggests that the impact of the glycocalyx thickness on NC binding affinity is exponenti

265 plained either by a 10-15% decrease of their glycocalyx thickness or a similar percentage decrease of

266 n heparan sulfate expression and endothelial glycocalyx thickness, and development of proteinuria obs

267 trafiltrate crossing the luminal endothelial glycocalyx through infrequent discontinuities (gaps) in

268 cells (ECs), previous studies have shown the glycocalyx to be a significant mediator of NO production

269 and profound decrease in the ability of the glycocalyx to exclude dextran but only affects red blood

270 acellular forces are transmitted through the glycocalyx to initiate intracellular signaling pathways.

271 of individual components of the endothelial glycocalyx to one critical vascular function, microvascu

272 ution of sialic acids within the endothelial glycocalyx to the structural and functional permeability

273 the lamina densa of the GBM and the podocyte glycocalyx, together with saturable tubular capture, det

274 Individual glycocalyx tufts above fenestrations in the first three

275 ally for the compression and recovery of the glycocalyx using a finite difference method on a fixed g

276 sialic acid residues within the endothelial glycocalyx using neuraminidase perfusion decreased endot

277 rt of its effect through modification of the glycocalyx via the A3AR.

278 , no such reorganization was observed if the glycocalyx was compromised.

279 A cholangiocyte glycocalyx was identified by electron microscopy, was en

280 An apical glycocalyx was identified on cholangiocytes in vitro by

281 opy with cationized ferritin labeling of the glycocalyx was performed in 9 additional dogs after CP p

282 y injured endothelium at sites where surface glycocalyx was reduced.

283 In many cells, the glycocalyx was separated from the cell surface by a clea

284 umin concentration on the tissue side of the glycocalyx was significantly lower than in the interstit

285 we found that the hydrodynamically relevant glycocalyx was substantially absent 7 days postconfluenc

286 opy suggested that a relatively thin (20 nm) glycocalyx was sufficient to prevent access of 1-micron

287 compromise the surface of the cornea and its glycocalyx was tested.

288 Inspired by glycoproteins present in the glycocalyx, we describe a new class of synthetic antifou

289 nd removal of the hyaluronan backbone of the glycocalyx were observed to result in a marked decrease

290 research has shown that enzymes degrade the glycocalyx, whereas inflammation causes shedding of the

291 Damage to the endothelial glycocalyx, which helps maintain vascular homeostasis, h

292 metabolite, adenosine, and regulation of the glycocalyx, which may be important during (patho)physiol

293 resence of repulsive polymers that mimic the glycocalyx, which points to two potential mechanisms for

294 Partial digestion of the glycocalyx with neuraminidase led to the observation of

295 Depleting the cell glycocalyx with protease treatment enhances the spreadin

296 dicates a regularity in the structure of the glycocalyx, with a center-to-center fiber spacing of 20

297 esulted in extensive loss of the endothelial glycocalyx without other ultrastructural changes.