ライフサイエンスコーパス: gnathostome

1 invertebrate to vertebrate, and agnathan to gnathostome.

2 tion of hinged jaws, the defining feature of gnathostomes.

3 ubsumed by vagal neural crest cells in early gnathostomes.

4 of convergent evolution between hagfish and gnathostomes.

5 sal vertebrate trait or a derived feature of gnathostomes.

6 y pathways in a basal vertebrate to those of gnathostomes.

7 ration of cranial neural crest patterning in gnathostomes.

8 enetic position between cephalochordates and gnathostomes.

9 atic Ramirosuarezia in a polytomy with crown gnathostomes.

10 ich is considered a derived feature of crown gnathostomes.

11 of trait evolution near the origin of modern gnathostomes.

12 lei revealed many shared features with other gnathostomes.

13 alis is processed in parallel streams, as in gnathostomes.

14 ent the common ancestral condition for crown gnathostomes.

15 mains difficult to polarize the condition in gnathostomes.

16 the otic capsules and the metotic fissure in gnathostomes.

17 t and evolution of jaw structure in advanced gnathostomes.

18 s of the UNC5 family have been identified in gnathostomes.

19 trans-acting mechanisms of Hox regulation in gnathostomes.

20 r assemblages composed almost exclusively of gnathostomes.

21 le trophic innovation among jaw-bearing stem gnathostomes.

22 iv) the alpha- and beta-chain hemoglobins of gnathostomes.

23 agnathan) fish that is a sister group to the gnathostomes, a Hox gene is expressed in the mandibular

24 background, we test the ability of available gnathostome, agnathan, cephalochordate and insect tfap2

25 rgence of Otx1 and Otx2 took place after the gnathostome/agnathan divergence and does not correlate w

26 hat the last common ancestor of lampreys and gnathostomes already had well-defined otic anteroposteri

27 rspective they provide on chondrichthyan and gnathostome ancestral conditions.

28 In the hemoglobins of gnathostomes and cyclostomes, multisubunit quaternary st

29 ust anterior-most bar, are characteristic of gnathostomes and so may be primitive within vertebrates.

30 s already independent of each other, like in gnathostomes and unlike in cyclostomes and osteostracans

31 to have arisen in a basal jawed vertebrate (gnathostome) and is the essential L chain that associate

32 he sister group of living jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and hence an important group for understan

33 ral precursor proteins in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and jawless fish (cyclostomes, represented

34 Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and jawless vertebrates (cyclostomes) have

35 st living vertebrates are jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), and the living jawless vertebrates (cyclo

36 rts the homology of gills in cyclostomes and gnathostomes, and a single origin of pharyngeal gills pr

37 most distant group to amniotes within extant gnathostomes, and comprise the crucial clade uniting amn

38 tle was known about visceral arches in early gnathostomes, and theories about gill arch evolution wer

39 ps between the different groups of Paleozoic gnathostomes are still debated, mainly because of incomp

40 This contrasts with the highly asymmetric gnathostome arrangement of three canals and several sepa

41 distic analyses have identified lampreys and gnathostomes as closest relatives, whereas molecular phy

42 , which diverged from the lineage leading to gnathostomes before the origin of paired appendages, and

43 nic eminence and rhombic lip, resembling the gnathostome brain.

44 The AIS is present in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) but absent in all other taxa, including ja

45 of a third semicircular canal and crista in gnathostomes, but also for the separation of the zones o

46 nternal fertilization could be primitive for gnathostomes, but such a conclusion depends on demonstra

47 s of ECs that are shared between hagfish and gnathostomes can be inferred to have already been presen

48 brates and that the evolution of the jaw and gnathostome cellular cartilage was driven by changes dev

49 Whereas shark teeth retain the ancestral gnathostome character of continuous successional regener

50 SoxE regulators can be traced to the lamprey-gnathostome common ancestor and indicate that lamprey So

51 allorhinchus milii) revealed several ancient gnathostome conserved non-coding elements (agCNEs) dispe

52 Like its gnathostome counterparts, lamprey Otx is expressed throu

53 ssed in patterns highly reminiscent of their gnathostome counterparts.

54 ld consensus on the relationships of extinct gnathostomes, delivering a new evolutionary framework fo

55 We identify 9 major changes in the tempo of gnathostome diversification; the most significant of the

56 lx genes in P. marinus, whose orthology with gnathostome Dlx genes provides a model for how this gene

57 Regulatory regions from diverse gnathostomes drive segmental reporter expression in the

58 combination of plesiomorphic characters for gnathostomes (e.g., the glossopharyngeal nerve leaves th

59 The role of Otx1 in the gnathostome ear is therefore highly conserved; otic Otx1

60 zontal canal, an evolutionary novelty of the gnathostome ear.

61 To better understand ancestral features of gnathostome edn and ednr expression, we also analyzed al

62 onal neural crest derivatives arose later in gnathostome evolution.

63 their basic pattern was established early in gnathostome evolution.

64 ts original location within the MHC early in gnathostome evolution.

65 These events occurred at the base of the Gnathostome evolutionary lineage ~550-650 million years

66 By contrast, we have detected NKp30 in all gnathostomes, except in species where it was lost.

67 with the evolution of jaws likely made early gnathostomes fierce predators and the dominant vertebrat

68 n Early Devonian (approximately 415 Myr ago) gnathostome from Siberia previously interpreted as a ray

69 ns of light, evolved after the separation of gnathostomes from lampreys".

70 The emergence of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) from jawless vertebrates was accompanied b

71 ymphocytes express orthologues of genes that gnathostome gammadelta and alphabeta T cells use for the

72 it a good model for comparative analyses of gnathostome genomes.

73 clostomes derive from endoderm [9-12], while gnathostome gills were classically thought to derive fro

74 the CA system in chondrichthyans, an ancient gnathostome group, we used immunohistochemical technique

75 Members of all classes of gnathostomes have been found to possess a terminal nerve

76 Jawed vertebrates, or gnathostomes, have two sets of paired appendages, pector

77 wth of ectomesenchyme that now characterizes gnathostome head development.

78 r understand the origin and evolution of the gnathostome head skeleton, we have been analyzing head s

79 of the key events in early jawed vertebrate (gnathostome) history, because it provided the morphologi

80 ignificant distinction between agnathans and gnathostomes, however, is the acquisition of otic Otx1 e

81 Compared with gnathostome Hox clusters, lamprey Hox clusters are unusu

82 y orthology relationship between lamprey and gnathostome Hox clusters.

83 ach, we find functional conservation between gnathostome Hoxd enhancers, demonstrating that orthologo

84 etric ears can be obtained experimentally in gnathostomes in several ways, including by manipulation

85 e chordate stem lineage from urochordates to gnathostomes, in parallel with the elaboration of verteb

86 veal broad conservation of the cucullaris in gnathostomes, including coelacanth and caecilian, two sa

87 Reproduction in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) involves either external or internal ferti

88 c pathway for chondrogenesis in lampreys and gnathostomes is conserved through the activation of cart

89 Thus, brain regionalization as seen in crown gnathostomes is not an evolutionary innovation of this g

90 lacking for the cellular response, which in gnathostomes is regulated by von Willebrand factor (VWF)

91 arch and insights into the evolution of the gnathostome jaw.

92 f the hinged jaws that are characteristic of gnathostome (jawed) vertebrates and before the evolution

93 fish) and of immunoglobulin gene segments in gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates).

94 problem in the study of the origin of modern gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates).

95 ne of the four principal divisions of modern gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates).

96 awless vertebrates-lampreys and hagfish) and gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates-cartilaginous and bony f

97 ade, whose members are collectively known as gnathostomes ('jawed mouths'), made its earliest definit

98 e acquisition of otic Otx1 expression in the gnathostome lineage.

99 nd horn shark, representing two of the three gnathostome lineages.

100 fore the divergence of ancestral lamprey and gnathostome lineages.

101 ve occurred independently in the lamprey and gnathostome lineages.

102 an, as well the divergence of the two living gnathostome lineages: the cartilaginous and bony vertebr

103 ding molecular evidence of homology with the gnathostome mandibular arch and insights into the evolut

104 ve analysis of functional variation in early gnathostome mandibular elements, placing constraints on

105 We show that Pax2 is a conserved pan-gnathostome marker for epibranchial and otic placodes, a

106 , and confirm that Phox2b is a conserved pan-gnathostome marker for epibranchial placode-derived neur

107 f Hox expression from the mandibular arch of gnathostomes may have facilitated the evolution of jaws.

108 tor before the divergence of cyclostomes and gnathostomes more than 500 million years ago.

109 ning, which characterize most extant aquatic gnathostomes, must be derived from internal fertilizatio

110 estral features of vertebrate development or gnathostome novelties.

111 ate the evolutionary conservation across all gnathostomes of at least some of the transcription facto

112 a critical phylogenetic position between the gnathostome or jawed vertebrates and the cephalochordate

113 lack of evidence for such variation amongst gnathostomes (or indeed any vertebrate) and it has there

114 Fossils of early gnathostomes (or jawed vertebrates) have been the focus

115 ression patterns among lamprey, hagfish, and gnathostome organs, implying that the role of microRNAs

116 is a clear phylogenetic outgroup to both the gnathostome Otx1 and Otx2 genes.

117 of gene expression and functional studies in gnathostomes, our results suggest that these roles for F

118 During development, gnathostome paired appendages form as outgrowths of body

119 erdependent manner similar to their roles in gnathostome paired appendages.

120 t a model for dorsoventral patterning of the gnathostome pharyngeal arches in which Et-1 in the envir

121 Devonian gnathostomes reached a point where they ceased to accrue

122 ucture to the phylogeny of early crown group gnathostomes, reveal preconditions that suggest an initi

123 We employed a strategy that combines gnathostome sequence conservation with transgenic mouse

124 est cells may have arisen after the agnathan/gnathostome split.

125 s retrieved as a paraphyletic segment of the gnathostome stem group in recent studies.

126 ather, successional teeth evolved within the gnathostome stem-lineage soon after the origin of jaws.

127 Gnathostomes subsequently diverged into two groups, the

128 crest cells that have not been described in gnathostomes, suggesting that barriers that constrain ro

129 t somatopleure in the lateral body wall is a gnathostome synapomorphy, and the redistribution of LPM

130 procally expressed by lymphocytes resembling gnathostome T and B cells.

131 In jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), the head skeleton is made of rigid three-

132 In the embryos of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), the jaw cartilage develops from the mandi

133 a member of the most ancient class of extant gnathostomes, the Carcharhine sharks, was characterized.

134 agnathans gave rise to jawed vertebrates or gnathostomes, the group including all other existing ver

135 thans), and compared with jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), they provide insight into the embryology,

136 New teeth are composed of gnathostome-type dentine and develop at specific locatio

137 Gnathostomes use T- and B-cell antigen receptors belongi

138 xpression phenomenon was observed across the gnathostome vertebrate sequences examined.

139 Gnathostome vertebrates have multiple members of the Dlx

140 are orthologous to the cytoglobin protein of gnathostome vertebrates, a hexacoordinate globin that ha

141 d fins and limbs are broadly conserved among gnathostome vertebrates.

142 ar in both the jawless (agnathan) and jawed (gnathostome) vertebrates, suggesting that an early 'divi

143 The last common ancestor of hagfish and gnathostomes was also the last common ancestor of all ex

144 gene expression between X. laevis and other gnathostomes, we also identified several divergent featu