ライフサイエンスコーパス: goods

1 r contingencies of the choice task (space of goods).

2 devices in aerospace, medicine, or consumer goods.

3 minals to allow the exchange of all types of goods.

4 election of the actions that will obtain the goods.

5 ice behavior reveals the underlying value of goods.

6 f the most energy and CO2-intensive consumer goods.

7 nt patterns of intermediate inputs and final goods.

8 qualities, and locations of metal-containing goods.

9 designed to sustain intergenerational public goods.

10 ing relative efficiencies in producing those goods.

11 e poor predictors of allergy to egg in baked goods.

12 entrations that would be acceptable in baked goods.

13 ng application of nanotechnology in consumer goods.

14 rnative actions, or in the space of abstract goods.

15 eat, and poultry were included in the burial goods.

16 nefit survivors through generation of public goods.

17 rough decisions about choices between future goods.

18 e commercial production of numerous consumer goods.

19 quorum-sensing signals and synthesize public goods.

20 ng, and rolling, to the fabrication of final goods.

21 ubjects passively viewed individual consumer goods.

22 % of global emissions are embodied in traded goods.

23 thetical choices about purchases of consumer goods.

24 nce in health focusing more on global public goods.

25 identities and values of offered and chosen goods.

26 al cortex (OFC) encode the values of offered goods.

27 nomic decisions involving a large variety of goods.

28 ary feedbacks due to the emergence of public goods.

29 es the expression of private or quasi-public goods.

30 ay involve a potentially infinite variety of goods.

31 own than they would pay to purchase the same goods-a well-known economic bias called the endowment ef

32 including private, quasi-public, and public goods according to their impacts on bacterial fitness.

33 ies introduction related to the transport of goods across the Rhine-Main-Danube canal.

34 inistration (FDA) and Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) prior to conducting a Phase I

35 r a mix of private, public, and quasi-public goods also spreads.

36 thium-ion batteries are classed as dangerous goods and are therefore subject to stringent regulations

37 , insoluble and total dietary fibre in baked goods and cereal flours is an important issue for resear

38 Public goods and common-pool resources are fundamental features

39 ociated with levels of cooperation in public goods and dictator games and a resource dilemma; people

40 isphenol A (BPA) in some "BPA-free" consumer goods and in thermal papers.

41 itutions that govern the provision of public goods and management of common property resources in poo

42 range of applications in industry, consumer goods and medicine.

43 se interactions are the production of public goods and metabolic cross-feeding, which can be understo

44 ing, QS) to control the production of public goods and other co-operative behaviours.

45 onment upon the use and disposal of consumer goods and other products.

46 The circulation and exchange of goods and resources at various scales have long been con

47 control and distribution of nonagricultural goods and resources during the rise of the Hawaiian arch

48 Material balances on the level of goods and selected substances (C, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, N,

49 dicated studies, especially for reproducible goods and service estimates, implies gross underestimati

50 Taking all reported goods and service estimates, invasive insects cost a min

51 6 to 24.3), but not for consumption taxes on goods and services (-$4.37, -12.9 to 4.11).

52 -based inventory helps highlight the role of goods and services (and associated purchasing behaviors)

53 Budget costs include market goods and services (economic impact), whereas externalit

54 ubling of income, blue water embedded in the goods and services a nation consumed and imported on a p

55 le of sustainability assessment of ecosystem goods and services along the Gulf Coast (USA) demonstrat

56 would affect the supply of certain ecosystem goods and services and could affect ecosystem resilience

57 o changes in water quality-related ecosystem goods and services and provide guidance to researchers i

58 al resources encompassing land and ecosystem goods and services by cellulosic ethanol was estimated u

59 and consumption of (inter)nationally traded goods and services by presenting consumption-based biodi

60 A nation's consumption of goods and services causes various environmental pressure

61 utant emissions in 2007 were associated with goods and services consumed outside of the provinces whe

62 serve biodiversity and enhance the supply of goods and services from ecosystems.

63 roduction of low-cost and emission-intensive goods and services from poorer regions in the same count

64 ming (producing) of primary and manufactured goods and services from the sectors of "Primary Crops an

65 are economically open systems that depend on goods and services imported from national and global mar

66 ion making by enabling valuation of nature's goods and services in a manner that is understood by the

67 ect emissions caused by final consumption of goods and services in a nation).

68 nsport and the production and consumption of goods and services in different world regions.

69 he need to account for the role of ecosystem goods and services in product life cycles.

70 ossibilities are emerging for payment of the goods and services needed for indoor environmental inter

71 nd their ability to provide society with the goods and services needed to prosper.

72 r cent (762,400 deaths) were associated with goods and services produced in one region for consumptio

73 espite broad recognition of the value of the goods and services provided by nature, existing tools fo

74 cur along the global production chain of the goods and services purchased by local consumers.

75 h regions consuming and exporting high-value goods and services that depend upon production of low-co

76 cts on marine and coastal ecosystems-and the goods and services they provide-for growing cumulative c

77 ences of species loss for ecosystems and the goods and services they provide.

78 ital that tropical forests represent and the goods and services they provide.

79 d pollutants are altering ecosystems and the goods and services they provide.

80 stem functions that provide energy and other goods and services to the human being.

81 f the blue water consumption embedded in the goods and services traded internationally, 89 countries

82 tion, urban household consumption, export of goods and services, and infrastructure investment are th

83 ent on ecosystem services that deliver vital goods and services, and support human health and well-be

84 recasting the movements of people as well as goods and services, making them a natural basis for dise

85 g, and importing of primary and manufactured goods and services, measured on a per country and per ca

86 ical changes influence the delivery of ocean goods and services, then they could also have a consider

87 infrastructures to meet growing demands for goods and services, which causes socioeconomic and envir

88 ing food, timber, energy, housing, and other goods and services, while maintaining ecosystem function

89 s important marine ecosystems and associated goods and services.

90 le to changes in the supply of plant-related goods and services.

91 resources associated with the production of goods and services.

92 lations and for the supply of some ecosystem goods and services.

93 e guidance for the conservation of ecosystem goods and services.

94 use policy that balances multiple ecosystem goods and services.

95 , and protect their capacity to supply vital goods and services.

96 actively fostered the movement of sumptuary goods and the arrival of workers from diverse homelands

97 d the portion of freight dedicated to retail goods and the portion of driving dedicated to shopping.

98 d pollution as a result of the production of goods (and their associated emissions) in one region for

99 n the spatial distribution of environmental "goods" and "bads." The accompanying article by King and

100 The human remains, grave goods, and associated fauna provide rare direct data on

101 les (AgNPs) are widely available as consumer goods, and over-the-counter or nutraceutical products us

102 of demand for energy, transportation, food, goods, and services that were used to derive average hou

103 ues as opposed to physical properties of the goods, and/or whether offer value cells integrate multip

104 Prime examples of credence goods are all kinds of repair services, the provision of

105 e of cooperation in populations where public goods are equally accessible to all but inflict a fitnes

106 commons predicts social collapse when public goods are jointly exploited by individuals attempting to

107 ecision neuroscience is that choices between goods are made by comparing subjective values computed t

108 ny low-value-added but high-carbon-intensive goods are produced.

109 ems, OME is rather indiscriminate in what OM goods are transferred.

110 ends on the cooperative production of public goods are usually threatened by the rise of cheaters tha

111 dants (BFRs), used in many types of consumer goods, are being studied because of concerns about possi

112 efiting from without producing costly common goods, are more fit than cooperators and should destroy

113 These secretions, or "public goods," are frequently coregulated by stress and starvat

114 , and that both will be able to consume more goods as a result of trade than either would be able to

115 s that used consumption of durable household goods as an indicator of financial insecurity supported

116 self-interested entities producing the same goods as long as they have opposing relative efficiencie

117 orhoods to display the most lavish sumptuary goods, as well as to manufacture specific symbols of ide

118 Finally, we show that these public goods-based interactions occur among Bacteroidales speci

119 perform a systematic investigation of public goods-based syntrophic interactions among the abundant h

120 This study examines public goods-based syntrophic interactions between bacterial me

121 aining the maintenance of cooperative public goods behaviors in certain natural systems will be more

122 should generalize to other taxa with public goods behaviors.

123 oto agreements must focus not only on traded goods but also on the environmental efficiency of all do

124 lance." Here, we manipulated preferences for goods by telling participants the preferences of strongl

125 al process in neurons, analogous to shipping goods, by which energetic and cellular building supplies

126 Some microbial public goods can provide both individual and community-wide ben

127 ensing-controlled expression of such private goods can put a metabolic constraint on social cheating

128 dustrial expansion, transfer and mobility of goods, climate change and population growth.

129 those interested in the provision of public goods, collective action, and prosocial behavior, and we

130 tance, up to 80% of the emissions related to goods consumed in the highly developed coastal provinces

131 Consumer goods contain multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) that c

132 subtly increases the observability of public goods contributions when people are solicited privately

133 Public goods cooperation is exploitable by cheaters, cells that

134 illing should favour the evolution of public goods cooperation, and empirically support this predicti

135 g the highest welfare gains as more services/goods could be consumed with the same income, could also

136 obtained from store-bought consumer packaged goods (CPGs), whether brands (name brands compared with

137 The sharing of public goods depends on their diffusion through space.

138 olid polymer chitin, we show that the public goods dilemma may be solved by two very different mechan

139 ment wealth inequality in a threshold public goods dilemma of cooperation in which players also face

140 lict in mutualisms as well as several public goods dilemmas, but also demonstrate how conflict can he

141 metabolism, microbes face persistent public goods dilemmas.

142 warding from deterring cooperation in public goods dilemmas.

143 materials are increasingly found in consumer goods, electronics, and pharmaceuticals.

144 orkers who sell or exchange sex for money or goods encompass a very diverse population across and wit

145 rum sensing" to control production of public goods, extracellular products that can be used by any co

146 to the phenomenon where individuals purchase goods for signalling social status, rather than for its

147 production of common household and consumer goods for their nonflammable, lipophobic, and hydrophobi

148 d resource consumption compared to importing goods from centralized production.

149 Thus, increasingly importing water-intensive goods from other water-scarce regions may just shift the

150 ion-making tendencies (study 3), take valued goods from others (study 4), lie in a negotiation (study

151 ers (PFRs) are increasingly used in consumer goods, from which they can leach and pose potential thre

152 maintain cooperation in a large-scale public goods game (PGG).

153 that adding punishment to an iterated public goods game can solve the problem of achieving cooperatio

154 oup and low within-group variation in public goods game donations.

155 mild conditions, a simple model of a public goods game featuring increasing returns to scale.

156 We designed an adaptation of the public goods game in which sanctioning power is given to a sing

157 orm experiments involving a networked public goods game in which subjects interact and gain or lose w

158 Here, we test how behavior in a public-goods game is influenced by knowledge of the consequence

159 We exploit the public goods game occurring on complex networks as a paradigm f

160 soner's dilemma game and the repeated public goods game played by human participants to examine wheth

161 We use a public goods game played with money and a naturalistic measure

162 or the prisoner's dilemma and for the public goods game suggests that strategies of this class readil

163 model and experimental results from a public goods game where subjects can choose between a community

164 xperimental paradigm, the 'Intergenerational Goods Game'.

165 r's Dilemma (i.e. one-shot two-player Public Goods Game).

166 er groups are more cooperative in the Public Goods game, but less cooperative in the N-person Prisone

167 Using a public goods game, we found that the ability to sanction is key

168 associated with contributions in the public goods game, while population size and the number of adul

169 spond to heterogeneous behaviour in a public goods game.

170 cooperation in a relevant, real-world public goods game.

171 ability triples participation in this public goods game.

172 ion in either compulsory or voluntary public goods games if anti-social punishment is possible.

173 tions serve as favourable examples of public goods games in which the degrees of increasing returns t

174 Experimental evidence from public goods games shows that when endowed with sanctioning pow

175 xtend the standard theory of optional public goods games to include the full set of punishment strate

176 l cooperation, prisoner's dilemma and public goods games, and well-mixed groups and networks.

177 Unlike in other public goods games, however, future generations cannot reciproc

178 ned collective action in multi-player public-goods games, in which players have arbitrarily long memo

179 We show that, in public goods games, some simple strategies that choose between

180 icular examples we study multi-player public goods games, stag hunt games and snowdrift games.

181 dying voluntary as well as compulsory Public Goods Games.

182 xistence of anti-social punishment in public goods games.

183 s necessary to support cooperation in public goods games.

184 entity or the subjective value of particular goods in a given context 'remap' and become associated w

185 Production of public goods in biological systems is often a collaborative eff

186 vioral measures of the stimulus value of the goods in both types of decision.

187 goods or exotic or expensive-to-manufacture goods in household assemblages, have been proposed, the

188 ants provided value judgments about consumer goods in the presence of online reviews.

189 arger, and people contributed more to public goods in treated villages.

190 ded to that of perishable, and not re-traded goods in which participants were specialized as buyers o

191 In utilitarianism, the distribution of goods-in this case, health-is not important; rather, it

192 nt use of QS-dependent extracellular "public goods." In contrast, the benefit of producing "private g

193 These "public goods" include autoinduced, quorum-sensing (QS) molecule

194 1 was detected in samples of common consumer goods including magazines, advertisements, maps, postcar

195 ure with associated organic and lithic grave goods, including the earliest known North American hafte

196 tly, values are compared within the space of goods, independent of the sensorimotor contingencies of

197 ation, environmental assessments, or durable goods integral to home environmental interventions.

198 of cooperation, but the diffusion of public goods introduces new phenomena that must be modeled expl

199 The movement of retail goods is central to modern economies and is a significan

200 Cooperation via production of common goods is found in diverse life forms ranging from viruse

201 ta set available when resolving used and new goods is illustrated.

202 ion based on the production of costly common goods is observed throughout nature.

203 strate how a combination of effective public goods management, in highly collective states, and the g

204 global functions (provision of global public goods, management of cross-border externalities, and fos

205 ge affects the degree of honesty in credence goods markets.

206 The provision of extracellular GHs as public goods may influence microbial community dynamics in nati

207 that the replacement of private with public goods may reverse selection for toxicity in the absence

208 Economic goods may vary on multiple dimensions (determinants).

209 r determining the environmental footprint of goods moved within the network.

210 w category for energy analysis called Retail Goods Movement (RGM) that draws its boundaries around th

211 007) and after (2008-2013) implementation of goods movement actions in California.

212 se results indicate that policies regulating goods movement are achieving the desired outcome of impr

213 ns into three location categories, including goods movement corridors (GMCs), nongoods movement corri

214 g air quality for the state, particularly in goods movement corridors where most disadvantaged commun

215 namometer emissions testing of 11 heavy-duty goods movement vehicles, including diesel, natural gas,

216 Delivering the goods: Multifunctional, self-assembled, polymeric nanopa

217 Galaxies such as GOODS-N-774 seem to be rare; however, from the star form

218 This galaxy, GOODS-N-774, has a stellar mass of 100 billion solar mas

219 y dispersions of the putative descendants of GOODS-N-774, which are compact quiescent galaxies at z a

220 But neither the provision of local public goods nor the management of local common property resour

221 more consistent with the pricing of network goods observed in practice.

222 ternational efforts to provide global public goods often face the challenges of coordinating national

223 eological proxies for wealth, such as burial goods or exotic or expensive-to-manufacture goods in hou

224 ring successive, independent choices between goods or gambles.

225 either on the selection of desired economic goods or on the selection of the actions that will obtai

226 quality cannot be adequately assessed until goods or services are actively exchanged.

227 tracted elsewhere and may be used to provide goods or services to consumers elsewhere.

228 A tension between the free flow of goods or species down communication channels and free fl

229 modeled as open systems with large flows of goods, people, and capital that connect local land use w

230 opean law as it affects free movement of the goods, people, and services that affect health or are ne

231 siological data for decisions about consumer goods, perceptual stimuli, eyewitness testimony, memorie

232 ven to speculative motives unavailable where goods perish on purchase.

233 een more active in providing other sumptuary goods: pigments, cosmetics, slate, greenstone, travertin

234 e-based decisions, the selection of economic goods precedes and guides the selection of actions.

235 complexes are better at absorbing the public goods produced by their own individuals.

236 rium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Although public goods producers were selected against in all populations

237 nique data set of recent global semifinished goods production and copper end-use sectors provided by

238 ral effect in the specific context of public goods production and find conditions for stochastic sele

239 QS-controlled public-goods production has served to investigate principles th

240 Cheats are a pervasive threat to public goods production in natural and human communities, as th

241 basis that explains the stability of public goods production in packed colonies.

242 onary dynamics resulting from PCD and public goods production may be a key to the success of designin

243 gical taxa and scales, from microbial public goods production to male mating strategies.

244 oved pharmacokinetics, low projected cost of goods, prophylactic activity, and the potential for a si

245 rtant determinant of economic growth, public goods provision, local violence, and social trust.

246 duals to refrain from contributing to public goods provision.

247 ed incentives (redeemable for food/household goods) ranging in value from USD4 to USD8 for achieving

248 cheating provides an explanation for private-goods regulation by a cooperative system and has general

249 When gathering valued goods, risk and reward are often coupled and escalate ov

250 ngements exist to facilitate the exchange of goods, services, and information over gaps in social str

251 m unpurchased food commodities were spent on goods/services with a more environmentally damaging prod

252 ed that the importers of emissions-intensive goods should bear the responsibility, and ensuing penalt

253 se for physicians, hospitals, drugs, durable goods, skilled nursing facilities and others.

254 ervability can be replicated whenever public goods solicitations are made in private.

255 on the fly" from the underlying model of the goods space, allowing decisions to meet current needs.

256 PFCv and LPFCd encoded the choice outcome in goods space.

257 otentially leading to comparison in abstract goods-space prior to commitment to a specific action.

258 The results of our global public goods study - conducted in South Korea and the United St

259 o provide nonclassical solutions in consumer goods such as packaging, indoor surfaces, and in biotech

260 egies are used regionally and provide public goods such as those benefiting resource conservation.

261 Preserving global public goods, such as the planet's ecosystem, depends on large-

262 and industries and consumers importing final goods (Textiles, Other manufactures, Computers, and Mach

263 to pay more for a small set of high-quality goods than for the same set of high-quality goods with l

264 would be beneficial for QS-dependent public goods that act broadly and nonspecifically, and whose ne

265 that 57% of China's emissions are related to goods that are consumed outside of the province where th

266 he price-quantity equilibrium in markets for goods that are immediately consumed, but they produce sp

267 e-iron complexes can be thought of as public goods that can be exploited by local communities and dri

268 ic population and the production of communal goods that form the biofilm matrix.

269 e Teotihuacan elite may have been one of the goods that granted economic importance to neighborhood c

270 How do we choose between goods that have different subjective values, like apples

271 , metabolically prudent regulation of public goods that minimizes production costs and thereby helps

272 vations of this consortium and act as public goods that sustain the community.

273 le often demand a greater price when selling goods that they own than they would pay to purchase the

274 geographic disconnect between consumption of goods, the extraction and processing of resources, and t

275 ecreted factors behave as cooperative public goods: they can be exploited by nonproducing cells [6-11

276 ses, and water consumption) for transport of goods through the Rhine-Main-Danube waterway.

277 oposes that this is done by reducing complex goods to a single unitary value to allow comparison.

278 rmine the broadcasters' property rights, the goods to be exchanged, the quantities to be traded, the

279 lysed a mathematical model for tagged public goods to investigate the potential for the emergence of

280 can produce thick biofilms that confine the goods to producers, or fluid flow can remove soluble pro

281 contaminants that have been used in consumer goods to slow combustion.

282 he costing study indicated that the "cost of goods" to develop a group A - containing conjugate vacci

283 integrated over space and time per amount of goods transported (PDF.m(3).yr.kg(-1)).

284 ucer-derived glycoside hydrolases are public goods transported extracellularly in outer membrane vesi

285 tworks (transporting information, people, or goods) under eventual random failures is of utmost impor

286 Dual fuel diesel and natural gas heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) operate on a combination of the tw

287 pipe emissions of nitrogen oxides from heavy-goods vehicles within 100 m were important predictors of

288 largely used to flavour all kinds of edible goods, was intended to be proposed by Agroforex Company

289 Regular-fat baked goods were less available when the state law, alone and

290 ystem impact, depending on the distance that goods were transported.

291 the ability of the poor to afford essential goods, were associated with increased rates of post-neon

292 'remap' and become associated with different goods when the context changes.

293 People contribute more to public goods when their contributions are made more observable

294 The theory evokes a tradeoff between goods whereby individuals improve themselves by trading

295 contrast, the benefit of producing "private goods," which are retained within the cell, does not var

296 Many ecosystem services are public goods whose provision depends on the spatial pattern of

297 goods than for the same set of high-quality goods with lower-quality items added [e.g. 1].

298 orientation, treatment, and associated grave goods within a single feature and evidence for residenti

299 over which decisions are made (e.g., between goods worth a few dollars, in some cases, or hundreds of

300 e increasingly produced and used in consumer goods, yet our knowledge regarding their environmental r