ライフサイエンスコーパス: gradient

1 grassland communities along a precipitation gradient.

2 ronment to autonomously move down a stimulus gradient.

3 e dynamically along to resource availability gradient.

4 they are embedded within a broad macroscale gradient.

5 composed of an electrical potential and a pH gradient.

6 ing to their echocardiographic mean pressure gradient.

7 iting distinct responses to the successional gradient.

8 ogeographic structure across the latitudinal gradient.

9 at creates an opposing gravity-induced auxin gradient.

10 rovided the driving force of a concentration gradient.

11 93 plots stratified across 3,100-m elevation gradient.

12 ding upon their position along the elevation gradient.

13 ion of variable selection across the whole N gradient.

14 cortical areas in a ventral high-dorsal low gradient.

15 ump protons against the transmembrane proton gradient.

16 ents at screening, and there was a clear age gradient.

17 modeling than patients with normal-flow high-gradient.

18 tionation of endocytic vesicles on a Percoll gradient.

19 system responded differently to successional gradients.

20 ng the transport of molecules along chemical gradients.

21 espond to variable ligand concentrations and gradients.

22 teria continuum along climate and soil C : N gradients.

23 rgans that are needed to establish tonotopic gradients.

24 even-up initiates progression of the Imp/Syp gradients.

25 as biogeochemical hotspots with steep redox gradients.

26 utilizing Na(+) and/or H(+) electrochemical gradients.

27 ct threshold-based readout of their mobility gradients.

28 ntal stability in the formation of diversity gradients.

29 al model to investigate intranodal chemokine gradients.

30 across successional stages and environmental gradients.

31 k flow at physiological hydrostatic pressure gradients.

32 versing the expected urban-rural temperature gradients.

33 ence was selected for its high heat-inducing gradients.

34 3) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) gradients (0.18-20.68 mg kg(-1)) were collected from veg

35 d their food (periphyton) to an aqueous zinc gradient (3-340 mug Zn/l) and measured zinc concentratio

36 l motoneurons are recruited in a topographic gradient according to their input resistance (Rin) at di

37 en by pure spin current arising from thermal gradient across an Y3Fe5O12/Pt interface.

38 17.7% of otherwise healthy patients) with no gradient across glycemia levels (20.6% of those with HbA

39 analysis, the cardiovascular mortality risk gradient across the 4 concordant or discordant categorie

40 B mediates Zn(2+) uptake, stimulated by a pH gradient across the membrane, using a transport mechanis

41 lysis, powered by the electrochemical proton gradient across the membrane.

42 cular plants, is primarily triggered by a pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane (pH).

43 we quantified arterial-venous concentration gradients across the human cerebral and femoral circulat

44 lopment of a nuclear/cytosolic concentration gradient against a background of passive diffusion.

45 ATP7B maintains a Cu gradient along the duodenal crypt-villus axis and buffer

46 culopathy develops when fluctuating pressure gradients along anomalous communications in the optic ne

47 tor controlling growth variability along the gradients, although the timing and strength of climatic

48 decrease of -2.9 mm Hg in aortic valve mean gradient, an increase of 0.028 in Doppler velocity index

49 the background sea-surface temperature (SST) gradient and a mean easterly trade wind anomaly represen

50 ecies distributed across a broad latitudinal gradient and estimated a suite of metrics characterizing

51 ich contributed to a reduced liver:lymph S1P gradient and limited HSC egress from the liver.

52 Upon simultaneous application of an osmotic gradient and the selective TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A, en

53 with high rates of evolution along moisture gradients and between the evergreen and deciduous leaf h

54 The use of strong magnetic field gradients and high magnetic fields generated by permanen

55 -resolution 3-D spatial structure of calcium gradients and intracellular fluxes in both the cytoplasm

56 by cortical flow to control kinase activity gradients and polarity in the C. elegans zygote.

57 rategy based on the sensing of flow velocity gradients and provide a comprehensive behavioural algori

58 Postcapillary PH with elevated vascular gradients and pulmonary vascular resistance defines comb

59 ) architecture, cell heterogeneity, nutrient gradients and the interaction between cells and the extr

60 ng the cellular pathfinding guided by signal gradients and the mechanistic linkage between tip growth

61 The pumps maintain ionic gradients and the resting membrane potential of neurons,

62 nalyzed for cellular responses to 3D hypoxic gradients and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms gov

63 affected by in planta and soil concentration gradients and when concentration centroids in soil are c

64 ions for the marine-terrestrial biodiversity gradient, and studies of biodiversity gradients in gener

65 ifferent tissues vary along the urbanization gradient, and suggest that applying pace-of-life framewo

66 s of some dominant phyla varied along the pH gradient, and the enrichment of a few phylotypes suggest

67 ral root primordia (LRP), the auxin response gradient, and the expression of meristem/tissue identity

68 is elevated due to a significant temperature gradient, and thus locations in the materials where the

69 istence of East-West and North-South genetic gradients, and assessed different inputs of ancient popu

70 ates that lymph flow shapes intranodal CCL21 gradients, and that CCL19 is functionally important at t

71 wide climatic, topographic and environmental gradients, and, more importantly, it includes rear-edges

72 The Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation tends to underestimate both surfa

73 st advanced general purpose meta-generalized gradient approximation, strongly constrained and appropr

74 m these tissues against the overall pressure gradient are unknown.

75 Our results show that male sexual selection gradients are consistently positive.

76 Our data argue that apical contractility gradients are important for tissue folding.

77 ryos; however, the mechanisms by which these gradients are interpreted remain elusive.

78 species richness leads to more pronounced N gradients as indicated by higher K N -values, 2) K N is

79 yeast have been reported to detect pheromone gradients as shallow as 0.1 nM/mum.

80 asures overtook magnetization transfer ratio gradients as significant predictors of conversion to mul

81 ctron transfer processes or simulating redox gradients as they exist in microbial biofilms.

82 esion boundary sharpness (average normalized gradient at lesion boundary), and contrast-to-noise rati

83 hydrogel sink results in a tunable stiffness gradient at the cell-matrix interface.

84 These matching gradients at global and regional scales suggest consiste

85 come the two main difficulties by applying a gradient-based coarse graining to RNA-ligand systems and

86 Pressure drop and temperature gradient between LC and MS were considered to enhance th

87 an network, a random forest algorithm, and a gradient-boosted model and compared with traditional sta

88 Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) approach was used to exp

89 A machine learning model called gradient boosting tree ensemble (GDBT) was applied to th

90 re the partial collapse of the high pressure gradient boundary region (called pedestal) of magnetized

91 and change directions to move along chemical gradients but also to navigate their obstructed natural

92 ng (JRESI) using an echo-planar (EP) readout gradient, but acquisition duration remains a limitation

93 ontractility demonstrates that contractility gradients, but not contractility per se, promote changes

94 his approach does not rely on magnetic field gradients, but rather on the spatial variation of the ra

95 ate chemokine receptors migrate against this gradient by crawling under the agarose spots towards the

96 We confirmed the oxygen gradient by numerical simulation and imaging-based oxyge

97 Gradients can either be soluble or immobilized to tissue

98 These findings suggest that tension gradients can lead to patterning and differentiation of

99 Steeper gradients caused lipid bilayer destabilization and pore

100 e nonviable cells require the use of density gradient centrifugation or antibody-based cell sorting w

101 To elucidate how gradient characteristics govern cellular response patter

102 smotically driven by the transmembrane Na(+) gradient common to metazoans, regulates Smoothened by sh

103 combines the automatic generation of a drug gradient concentration, allowing exposure of cancer cell

104 lock copolymer, an intermediately segregated gradient copolymer, and a non-segregated homopolymer.

105 cation efficiencies, closely followed by the gradient copolymer, resulting in two protein transporter

106 ulation depend on the proton electrochemical gradient (DeltamuH(+)) across the inner membrane.

107 Gradient descent methods such as Levenberg-Marquardt fun

108 r what spatial scales within a body site are gradients detected.

109 Morphogen gradients direct the spatial patterning of developing em

110 s, quantitatively altering the retinal EFNAs gradient, disrupts cortico-collicular map alignment onto

111 xides, slow oxygen diffusion and a dense and gradient distribution of ceramic result in much slower l

112 organelles based on the similarity of their gradient distribution to those of well-annotated organel

113 del, suggesting a new mechanism to shape BMP gradients during development.

114 The gradient dwell volume was approximately 640 nL, which al

115 The influence of broad-scale gradients (e.g. temperature and precipitation) in struct

116 n species that span a range of environmental gradients (e.g., soils and climate).

117 ipants who had a baseline axial T2*-weighted gradient echo MRI sequence allowing for CMB detection.

118 udies was performed with a spiral in-and-out gradient echo sequence.

119 species that occur across broad elevational gradients (elevational generalists) represent a contradi

120 m can accurately generate and control oxygen gradients, eliminates complex microfluidic handling, all

121 loride present in milk, without the need for gradient elution HPLC conditions.

122 While the RP-LC analysis developed employed gradient elution, where the chemical constituents of the

123 flow injection and chromatographic mode with gradient elution.

124 targets, the readouts of opposing small RNA gradients enable specification of robust, uniformly posi

125 k in poplar leaves can generate the pressure gradient envisioned in Munch's hypothesis.

126 Over several hours, diffusion across the gradient equalizes the free protein concentrations.

127 1-6.23; P=0.021), with interatrial frequency gradients established by the spatial location of the rot

128 This study indicates that vertical redox gradients exert a major control on the quantity and spec

129 ticle (or -droplet) process in a temperature gradient field.

130 lant community turnover along an elevational gradient following climate warming.

131 We found significant socioecomonic status gradients for mortality and life expectancy at birth, wi

132 the axial scattering force and the enhanced gradient force enable to avoid overheating effect while

133 The prevailing view in vertebrates for BMP gradient formation is through a counter-gradient of BMP

134 is a key factor in explaining global Dorsal gradient formation.

135 spite the absence of the substantial osmotic gradients frequently employed for activation.

136 2 level; (2) decreased cross-membrane proton gradient from membrane damage, coupled with hypoxia, lea

137 ted in a reduction in the mean transvalvular gradient (from 20.5+/-7.4 to 6.7+/-3.7 mm Hg, P<0.001) a

138 remuloides Michx.) sites along a latitudinal gradient (from 52 degrees to 58 degrees N) in western Ca

139 Force-extension curves revealed a gradient, from high to low, in the plastic and elastic c

140 tic valve area <0.8 cm(2), mean aortic valve gradient >/=40 mm Hg, and dimensionless index <0.25.

141 t wet season precipitation displays vertical gradients (i.e., changes with elevation) that vary withi

142 at a local scale directly to the geographic gradient in biodiversity.

143 t unilamellar vesicles held in a temperature gradient in conditions where they exhibit coexistence of

144 f co-blooming strawberry on farms spanning a gradient in cover of apple orchards in the landscape.

145 nating from signal-producing cells to form a gradient in Drosophila epithelia.

146 ion channels and an oxygen-functional-group gradient in graphene oxide nanoribbon network assemblies

147 ory elements account for the transcriptional gradient in Lct in cells of the same type.

148 greatly improved by positing a front-to-back gradient in membrane-cortex adhesion.

149 ee forest dynamics plots spanning a moisture gradient in Panama that have experienced El Nino drought

150 of different intensities using a water table gradient in peatlands-a major C sink ecosystem.

151 However, the role of this gradient in regulating tissue size is a topic of intense

152 mmunities occurring along a 3300-m elevation gradient in southern Peru.

153 Our results suggest that the latitudinal gradient in species richness originates, at least partly

154 eased the subpolar to subtropical meridional gradient in SSTs, which are not represented by the AMO i

155 We propose that the elevational gradient in the Amazonian forest isoprene emission capac

156 that an extracellular-matrix-based stiffness gradient in the Drosophila egg chamber instructs tissue

157 ynamics of both species across a temperature gradient in the northern Channel Islands, California, an

158 2 Te3 as p-n legs to utilize the temperature gradient in the vertical direction.

159 he discussed model is that the concentration gradients in both membrane and sample solution phases de

160 ing leukocytes that may contribute to social gradients in disease.

161 ever, there is currently no evidence to link gradients in ecological processes within communities at

162 ever, there is a lack of consensus as to how gradients in environmental conditions affect tropical fo

163 Inducing thermal gradients in fluid systems with initial, well-defined de

164 ere we compare variation along environmental gradients in foliar N isotope (delta(15)N) and C isotopi

165 ersity gradient, and studies of biodiversity gradients in general.

166 Respiration rates responded weakly to gradients in N or P concentrations, except for positive

167 ese materials, achieved by the definition of gradients in nano- to macroscale order.

168 e environment with pronounced north to south gradients in salinity and nutrient concentrations.

169 f critical slowing down along natural stress gradients in tidal marsh ecosystems.

170 ion and abundance varied significantly among gradients, indicating divergence in ecological niche acr

171 hat oxygen vacancies can move under a stress-gradient-induced depolarisation field.

172 ic by-product of the enormous electric field gradients inherent to plasma accelerators is substantial

173 As the strength of this gradient is a function of extracellular solution pH, the

174 We show that a posterior glycolytic gradient is established in response to graded transcript

175 This gradient is functionally instructive, and represents a m

176 of space charges in stabilizing polarization gradients is also discussed.

177 ivers along wide latitudinal and altitudinal gradients is necessary in order to gain a better underst

178 w exactly do transient, short-range chemical gradients lead to coherent collective movement at a macr

179 nd directional migration toward an SDF1alpha gradient, leading to ectopic platelet release within the

180 communities, where the formation of chemical gradients leads to resource limitation for cells at dept

181 st chemoattractant (C5a), for which a stable gradient led to persistent migration.

182 moved up to 450 mum within 30 min, while the gradient length remained 20 mum over this time.

183 n outgrowth and growth cone turning in Wnt5a gradients, likely due to disorganized MTs that failed to

184 r chemokine ligands, thereby contributing to gradient maintenance and termination.

185 e mechanical contrast observed in biological gradient materials.

186 chanism and a bmp transcriptionally-informed gradient mechanism.

187 eory is developed to help understand how the gradient metasurface tailors the incident beams, and the

188 tures are utilized to build desired acoustic gradient metasurface, and the all-angle negative reflect

189 ithium niobate waveguides patterned with the gradient metasurfaces.

190 aration occurs almost exclusively by density gradient methods and by fluorescence- and magnetic-activ

191 physiological traits along the urbanization gradient might be the next direction to improve our unde

192 nks encompassing a 24 degrees C-32 degrees C gradient migrated transiently to the warmest compartment

193 EF are neither a result of an impaired Na(+) gradient nor expression changes in key ion transporters

194 Importantly, the model recapitulates CCL21 gradients observed experimentally in B cell follicles an

195 tributes the disrupted interfollicular CCL21 gradients observed in Ackr4-deficient LNs to ACKR4 loss

196 periventricular magnetization transfer ratio gradient occurs early in multiple sclerosis, is clinical

197 BMP gradient formation is through a counter-gradient of BMP antagonists, often along with ligand shu

198 Given a gradient of climatic and edaphic factors, rather than bi

199 essive unfolding of a target protein using a gradient of denaturant urea to reveal the individual ene

200 ximodistal axis is mirrored by an increasing gradient of direct synaptic excitation from entorhinal c

201 n of the maize genome provide evidence for a gradient of early replicating, open chromatin that trans

202 ng in nasal samples was restricted to a high gradient of farm exposure, that is, exposure to cows and

203 is in response to a combination of a defined gradient of fMLP and an evolving gradient of LTB4, gener

204 ion of the mean wall shear stress and of the gradient of harmonic phase-averaged shear stresses, whic

205 The serum gradient of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) varies o

206 A proximodistal gradient of involvement of vasti muscles was a consisten

207 es of UNx rats led to a decreased transmural gradient of Ito.

208 scuss the implication of our finding for the gradient of life-history strategies observed among speci

209 f a defined gradient of fMLP and an evolving gradient of LTB4, generated by cells in response to fMLP

210 In materials with the gradient of magnetic anisotropy, spin-orbit-torque-induc

211 river of soil and plant differences across a gradient of minimally, moderately, and extensively thawe

212 A decreasing gradient of mossy fiber synaptic strength along the prox

213 ttice, in which an evaporation-induced local gradient of NC concentration causes simultaneous nucleat

214 Finally, a gradient of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein aggregation i

215 ed into the clotted wound by a concentration gradient of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), toget

216 This pathway is essential to generate a gradient of RanGTP on chromatin that directs nucleocytop

217 zosphere processes and C-N dynamics across a gradient of stands varying in their relative abundance o

218 n conclusion, the possibility of programming gradient of temperature in the coffee machines recently

219 across a species range, especially across a gradient of temperature regimes, has the potential to pr

220 coast facilitated by the strong latitudinal gradient of the Japanese archipelago and its ocean curre

221 2) segregation of oligomers and the inverted gradient of total sugar content can be achieved for phys

222 s of DCs to precisely controlled immobilized gradients of CCL21.

223 We propose that gradients of extracellular metabolites act as tumor morp

224 phase Fe speciation along the vertical redox gradients of floodplains, which exhibited a succession o

225 Models predict that vertical gradients of foliar nitrogen (N) allocation, increasing

226 ue ability to establish parallel or opposing gradients of gases and chemicals offers the potential fo

227 Our 167-country analysis of latitudinal gradients of heat, poverty, and aggression finds that he

228 Our results reveal opposing temporal gradients of Imp and Syp RNA-binding proteins (descendin

229 dependently promote arterial-venous delivery gradients of intravascular nitric oxide, with deoxyhemog

230 s highlights the importance of incorporating gradients of manipulations, ranging from extreme drought

231 sembled grassland communities to analyse the gradients of N in the canopy using N allocation coeffici

232 offshore as a result of decreasing vertical gradients of nutrient concentration.

233 vant concentrations (1 mug L(-1)) and across gradients of pH, ionic strength, and natural organic mat

234 ry production (ANPP) response to manipulated gradients of species richness, precipitation, temperatur

235 of the Coucal basalts along high geothermal gradients (of more than 700 degrees Celsius per gigapasc

236 ed by the formation of a metal concentration gradient on the steel surface.

237 ly buoyant mafic crust and hotter geothermal gradients on Earth reduced the potential for upper-mantl

238 n did not reduce the hepatic venous pressure gradient or improve systemic hemodynamics in patients wi

239 pared with what was obtained using the Local Gradient Orientation method.

240 supports the existence of such a functional gradient, other studies argue for a lesser degree of spe

241 crofluidic channel that produced a linear SS gradient over a 20mm field ranging from 0-16 dynes/cm(2)

242 d to layer materials and their combinations (gradient plates) but also with regard to different layer

243 stency, specificity, temporality, biological gradient, plausibility, coherence, experiment, and analo

244 ure fails to recapitulate the spatiotemporal gradients present during native development.

245 eled space use across an ambient temperature gradient (ranging from -20 to 38 degrees C) through a ma

246 Although the wound H2O2 gradient reaches deep into the tissue, it likely overcom

247 Purpose To compare two-dimensional (2D) gradient-recalled echo (GRE) and 2D spin-echo (SE) echo-

248 .0 T (n = 443) or 1.5 T (n = 338) by using a gradient-recalled-echo pulse sequence.

249 sporter essential for establishing the Cl(-) gradient required for hyperpolarizing inhibition in the

250 The stiffness gradient requires morphogen-like signaling to regulate B

251 Tall stature was associated (in a gradient-response fashion) with reduced risk of ASCVD ev

252 th factor (HGF) required for the chemotactic gradient responsible for sustained directionality.

253 o laser pulses with a coaxial magnetic field gradient, resulting in high-aspect ratio channels with t

254 d systems with initial, well-defined density gradients results in the formation of distinct layered p

255 ife-stages differed across the environmental gradients; seedling recruitment was affected by grazing

256 The temperature gradient seen across areas of the patera indicates a sys

257 Unicellular organisms use gradient sensing to move (chemotaxis) or grow (chemotrop

258 c separations of the small molecules and the gradient separations of proteins, respectively.

259 tate, and we developed a biophysical method (gradient-seq) to discriminate subtypes of H3K9me3 and H3

260 Low-gradient severe aortic stenosis (LGSAS) with preserved e

261 In particular, we have developed a gradient-temperature technique that enables three-dimens

262 ased on the three invariants of the velocity-gradient tensor, has been analysed here.

263 s) and a Ran guanosine triphosphate (RanGTP) gradient that imports nuclear localization signal (NLS)-

264 tis respiratory chain could produce a sodium gradient that may sustain the energetic demands required

265 content, we created a continuous mechanical gradient that spans over a 200-fold difference in stiffn

266 novel algorithm based on such local velocity gradients that fish use to avoid getting dragged by flow

267 osophila birchii to ecological change across gradients that include its low and high altitudinal limi

268 s matrix is then described by a histogram of gradients that is fed into a Multi-Label Learning with L

269 ng gravity sensing to the formation of auxin gradients that override a LAZY-independent mechanism tha

270 zed by complex biogeochemical and ecological gradients that result in substantial variation in fish t

271 d to minute changes in environmental voltage gradients through an unknown mechanism.

272 artment cells distributes in a concentration gradient to adjacent cells of the anterior compartment.

273 eriments along a shallow water volcanic pCO2 gradient to assess the importance of the timing and dura

274 The method uses solute gradients to induce particle and fluid motions via diffu

275 17) uncover an instructive link from Wnt5a/b gradients to PCP-factor-regulated polarized cilia positi

276 pose a mechanism for the formation of doping-gradients toward grain boundaries, potentially explainin

277 biochemical cell fractionation using density gradient ultracentrifugation with multiplexed quantitati

278 not vary systematically across the moisture gradient under nondrought conditions, woody mortality of

279 ment of protons down a large electrochemical gradient via ATP synthase located on the folded inner me

280 cells into the phloem down its concentration gradient via plasmodesmata, i.e. symplastically.

281 ility of macrophages to respond to chemokine gradients was supported by Western blotting.

282 onfly communities across a natural predation gradient we demonstrate that variation in the identity o

283 are dynamically regulated by the renal salt gradient, we find that patients with urinary concentrati

284 Consistent with the mouse's opsin expression gradient, we found that the Ca(2+) signals recorded from

285 Along the gradient, we measured field NO emissions, and used chlor

286 Importantly, three of these gradients were found to be nondurotactic for human adipo

287 ids and the Ru(II) dyes, suggest temperature gradients were not likely the cause of the observed phot

288 Mean mitral valve gradients were similar between groups (6.4 +/- 2.3 mm Hg

289 e enzyme-induced pH and electrical potential gradients, when the hydrogel comes in contact with the u

290 e results of the study showed robust network gradients, whereby those with fewer networks and weaker

291 P3 increased, largely due to a concentration gradient which contributed to the increased caking stren

292 anterior-posterior (A-P) symmetric stiffness gradient, which fails to develop in elongation-defective

293 pendently follows its own specific substrate gradient, which in turn is produced by the preceding enz

294 This generates intra-tree temperature gradients, which can affect carbon metabolism and water

295 t orders, species, biomes, and environmental gradients while also providing a platform for assessment

296 iration along the experimental precipitation gradient, with soil respiration suppressed by decreased

297 de-dominated sand islands), across elevation gradients, with distance from shore and among habitat an

298 tterning different cell types and generating gradients without specialised equipment.

299 ; P=0.05) and mean -4 mm Hg (-7, -1; P=0.03) gradients, without affecting stroke volume 3 mL/m(2) (-2

300 erturbs efficient chemotaxis in shallow cAMP gradients, without affecting the abundance of the mRNAs