ライフサイエンスコーパス: gramicidin

1 ers containing peptides such as pardaxin and gramicidin.

2 those pertaining before the insertion of the gramicidin.

3 nopore through the support, as recently with gramicidin.

4 study the folding of the antibiotic peptide gramicidin.

5 of the peptide to the double-helical form of gramicidin.

6 orded with the Cl(-)-impermeable pore former gramicidin (25--75 microg ml(-1)) in HCO(3)(-)-free bath

7 e-iodine and 7 days for neomycin-polymyxin B-gramicidin (95% confidence interval [CI] for difference

8 across an SLB incorporating the ion channels Gramicidin A (gA) and Alamethicin (ALM).

9 Two canonical dynamic ion channels (gramicidin A (gA) and alamethicin) and one static biolog

10 ts on the transfer of protons in both native gramicidin A (gA) and in covalently linked SS- and RR-di

11 ces to protons (g(H)) were studied in native gramicidin A (gA) and in the SS and RR diastereoisomers

12 channel proton conductances (g(H)) in native gramicidin A (gA) and in two diastereoisomers (SS and RR

13 xamined the effect of GsMTx4 and enGsMTx4 on gramicidin A (gA) channel gating.

14 lar dynamics simulations were performed on a gramicidin A (gA) channel in a fully hydrated dimyristoy

15 ts of halothane, a clinical anesthetic, on a gramicidin A (gA) channel in a fully hydrated dimyristoy

16 The four Trp dipoles in the gramicidin A (gA) channel modulate channel conductance,

17 To overcome this problem, we use gramicidin A (gA) channels as molecular force probes to

18 mechanism and examined genistein's effect on gramicidin A (gA) channels in planar phospholipid bilaye

19 The dissociation of gramicidin A (gA) channels into monomers is the simplest

20 dipole moment of the four Trp side chains in gramicidin A (gA) channels modify channel conductance th

21 ferent stereoisomers of the dioxolane-linked gramicidin A (gA) channels reconstituted in planar lipid

22 ferent stereoisomers of the dioxolane-linked gramicidin A (gA) channels were individually synthesized

23 single SS stereoisomers of dioxolane-linked gramicidin A (gA) channels were measured in different ph

24 of the four tryptophans of membrane-spanning gramicidin A (gA) channels, the inclusion of the perpend

25 ith conductances that are lower than that of gramicidin A (gA) channels.

26 rried out coarse-grained (CG) simulations of gramicidin A (gA) dimer association and analyzed the res

27 the three-dimensional stress field around a gramicidin A (gA) dimer in lipid bilayers that feature d

28 ly kinetics and conformer preferences of the gramicidin A (GA) dimer is investigated using a combinat

29 The conformational preferences adopted by gramicidin A (GA) dimers inserted into phospholipid bila

30 ize the volatile anesthetic binding sites in gramicidin A (gA) incorporated into sodium dodecyl sulfa

31 be the solution phase structure of dimerized Gramicidin A (GA) inserted into lipid vesicle bilayers i

32 Embedded gramicidin A (gA) ionchannels in a self-assembled tether

33 Gramicidin A (gA) is a 15-amino-acid antibiotic peptide

34 ata set for homodimeric channels formed from gramicidin A (gA) or any of eight fluorinated Trp analog

35 as replaced by Ser at position 3 or 5 in the gramicidin A (gA) sequence: formyl-VG(2)A(3)LA(5)VVVWLWL

36 le ion channel conductance of derivatives of gramicidin A (gA) upon reaction with analytes in solutio

37 rom labeled tryptophans in membrane-spanning gramicidin A (gA)(1) channels to refine the geometry of

38 protons in water wires was studied in native gramicidin A (gA), and in the SS- and RR-diastereoisomer

39 of measurements of proton conduction through gramicidin A (gA), B (gB), and M (gM) homodimer channels

40 gallate (nPG)--on bilayer properties using a gramicidin A (gA)-based fluorescence quench assay to pro

41 bilayer properties using channels formed by gramicidin A (gA).

42 oxygen of transmembrane pore-forming peptide gramicidin A (gA).

43 tors incorporate transmembrane peptide pores gramicidin A and alamethicin in the lipid bilayer they c

44 mer or doubly charged monomer of the peptide gramicidin A and conformers of the [M + 5H](5+) form of

45 rent-voltage relations of (5F-Indole)Trp(13) gramicidin A and gramicidin A channels (, 75:2830-2844).

46 ublished homodimer conductance data for both gramicidin A and gramicidin M channels confirms this con

47 shable populations about halfway between the gramicidin A and gramicidin M homodimer conductances.

48 implies that the principle difference in the gramicidin A and gramicidin M transport free-energy prof

49 elated to the free-energy difference between gramicidin A and gramicidin M, we construct an effective

50 (1)H spin diffusion experiments on unlabeled gramicidin A are sufficient to discriminate between the

51 om molecular dynamics simulations (MD) using gramicidin A as a prototypical narrow ion channel.

52 he peptide bond between Val(1) and Gly(2) in gramicidin A by an ester bond.

53 ferent stereoisomers of the dioxolane-linked gramicidin A channel (the SS and RR dimers) were measure

54 Using a cation-selective gramicidin A channel as a sensor of the membrane surface

55 rifluorocyclobutane (F3), was found to alter gramicidin A channel function by enhancing Na(+) transpo

56 The PMF profile of the ion along the Gramicidin A channel is obtained by combining an equilib

57 ifluorocyclobutane causes minimal changes in gramicidin A channel structure in sodium dodecyl sulfate

58 d closing of the monovalent cation selective gramicidin A channel through single channel conductance,

59 we consider ion permeation energetics in the gramicidin A channel using a novel polarizable force fie

60 cantly affect the secondary structure of the gramicidin A channel.

61 have been proposed for the membrane-spanning gramicidin A channel: one based on solid-state NMR exper

62 tions of (5F-Indole)Trp(13) gramicidin A and gramicidin A channels (, 75:2830-2844).

63 Gramicidin A channels are miniproteins that are anchored

64 Using gramicidin A channels as a tool to probe bilayer mechani

65 re the consequences of lipid diversity using gramicidin A channels embedded in phosphatidylcholine (P

66 we study the effect of Hofmeister anions on gramicidin A channels in lipid membranes.

67 ree energy governing K(+) conduction through gramicidin A channels is characterized by using over 0.1

68 We find that the sensitivity of gramicidin A channels to the anesthetic halothane is hig

69 eplacements on the structure and function of gramicidin A channels.

70 ryptophan substitutions in membrane-spanning gramicidin A channels.

71 channel permeability, we designed different gramicidin A derivatives with attached acyl chains.

72 Inclusion of a gramicidin A dimer (approximately 1 mol %) yields simila

73 A study of ion transport through gramicidin A dimer is carried out within this PNP framew

74 lular membrane with the liposomes containing gramicidin A forming cation-conductive beta-helix in the

75 channel formed by a dimer of the polypeptide gramicidin A has a single-stranded, right-handed helical

76 n of the gramicidin channel, four analogs of gramicidin A have been synthesized in which the tryptoph

77 ld slower in gramicidin M homodimers than in gramicidin A homodimers and that first- and second-ion e

78 t claim, the solid-state NMR constraints for gramicidin A in a lipid bilayer are not consistent with

79 hree-dimensional continuum elastic model for gramicidin A in a lipid bilayer is shown to describe the

80 With 400 microM gramicidin A in a vesicle suspension of 60 mM phosphatid

81 m transport study showed that with 75 microM gramicidin A in a vesicle suspension of 66 mM PC/PG, F3

82 Analogues of gramicidin A in which the Trp residues at positions 9, 1

83 age relations for ion permeation through the gramicidin A ion channel embedded in membranes character

84 h is utilized to predict current through the Gramicidin A ion channel, a narrow pore in which the app

85 Addition of the transmembrane protein gramicidin A or construction of a highly defected gel ph

86 by Na(+),K(+)-ATPase with subtoxic doses of gramicidin A or ouabain.

87 meric state has been observed for the native gramicidin A peptide.

88 the conductance of the pore-forming peptide gramicidin A to monitor PLD activity, the work presented

89 Gramicidin A was studied by continuous wave electron spi

90 k lipid membranes (BLMs) functionalized with gramicidin A were conducted using a fast perfusion syste

91 ndary lipid in membrane vesicles of DPPC and gramicidin A' (GA) is reported.

92 The effect of aggregation of gramicidin A' (GA) on the phase structure of dipalmitoyl

93 of depths in membrane systems is applied to gramicidin A, a membrane-bound peptide of known structur

94 using experimental solid-state NMR data from gramicidin A, a monovalent cation channel in lipid bilay

95 ture of the channels when compared to native gramicidin A, and only small effects are seen on side-ch

96 ated relative single-channel conductances of gramicidin A, B, and C agree well with experiment.

97 l as hydrophilic defects and the ion channel gramicidin A, to provide parallels to membranes deformed

98 a backbone fold identical to that of native gramicidin A, with only small changes in the side chain

99 utions were introduced into the enantiomeric gramicidin A-, gA-.) Circular dichroism spectra of [D-Al

100 Unlike dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine and gramicidin A-DOPC, small-angle x-ray scattering and (31)

101 tions, dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine and gramicidin A-DOPC, which form the negatively curved hexa

102 -to-end dimer and double-helix structures of gramicidin A.

103 abeled backbone sites (Trp13, Val7, Gly2) in gramicidin A.

104 tly different from those formed by the ester gramicidin A.

105 een recorded for each of the four indoles of gramicidin A.

106 n receptor (ASGR), and an antibiotic peptide gramicidin A.

107 rivatives of the ion-channel-forming peptide gramicidin A.

108 ugh pores of the ion channel-forming peptide gramicidin A.

109 f ions through prototypical channels such as gramicidin A.

110 Gramicidin A/gramicidin M heterodimer conductances were

111 Gramicidins A, B, and C are the three most abundant, nat

112 For gramicidin, a single laser shot UVPD discriminates betwe

113 In this study, new covalently linked gramicidin-A (gA) peptides were synthesized, and the eff

114 ced cytotoxicity and direct Na(+) loading by gramicidin-A caused Pico145-resistant cytotoxicity in th

115 nel-forming proteins, such as aquaporins and gramicidin-A.

116 ramework model for proton conduction through gramicidin; a model designed to incorporate information

117 to investigate the underlying mechanisms of gramicidin activity in phospholipid monolayers.

118 that include formation of a water-insoluble gramicidin aggregate, dissociation from the aggregate, p

119 Gramicidin and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone

120 gAB transcription was shown to be induced by gramicidin and CCCP, agents known to dissipate the proto

121 ermeation in two different channel families: gramicidin and K(+) channels.

122 Gramicidin and PorA/C1 accelerate the calculated inserti

123 than the known membrane targeting antibiotic gramicidin and the known antifungal agent amphotericin B

124 e experimental values of bilayer thinning by gramicidin and the shift in the peak position of the in-

125 icked by treatment with the sodium ionophore gramicidin and were correlated with the increased intrac

126 agent (sodium arsenite), K-releasing agent (Gramicidin) and a metal ionophore (dithiocarbamate).

127 rin, mycosubtilin, nikkomycin, enterobactin, gramicidin, and several proteins from the orphan pksX ge

128 dies was tested using the model ion channel, gramicidin, and voltage-clamp fluorometry measurements w

129 Gramicidin apparently stretches DLPC and thins DMPC towa

130 upling membrane potentials by the antibiotic Gramicidin are examples.

131 e results indicate that two or more forms of gramicidin are in equilibrium with each other in the lay

132 enes for the synthesis of antibiotics of the gramicidin/bacitracin family; however, no bacteriophage

133 evelop a model for proton conduction through gramicidin based on the molecular dynamics simulations o

134 ing potency of 27 aliphatic alcohols using a gramicidin-based fluorescence assay.

135 the integration of GABAergic inputs, we used gramicidin-based patch-clamp recording of STN neurons in

136 Next, using gramicidin-based perforated patch recordings, we found t

137 Voltage-clamp and gramicidin-based perforated-patch current-clamp recordin

138 tion current is consistent with the model of gramicidin being speciated in the monolayer in more than

139 Furthermore, the ionophore gramicidin can be incorporated into the bilayers, making

140 on of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase or the ionophore gramicidin), cells expressing the D447V mutant rapidly a

141 en the multiple conformational states of the gramicidin channel and its closed and open states in a l

142 eptide side chains has been shown to perturb gramicidin channel conductance without significantly cha

143 n the relation between bilayer thickness and gramicidin channel duration.

144 nt direct measurements of the orientation of gramicidin channel F-Trp positions for use in analysis o

145 A gramicidin channel in a fluid phase DMPC bilayer with ex

146 This paper reports on a simulation of a gramicidin channel inserted into a fluid phase DMPC bila

147 Ion permeation through the gramicidin channel is studied using a model that circumv

148 o individually access each half of a dimeric gramicidin channel makes it possible to generate asymmet

149 itution on the structure and function of the gramicidin channel, four analogs of gramicidin A have be

150 ting from fundamental research on the robust gramicidin channel.

151 ve a direct impact on ion conductance in the gramicidin channel.

152 profile in the presence of a high density of gramicidin channels and ran computer simulations of 81 g

153 Gramicidin channels are archetypal molecular subjects fo

154 It is proposed that gramicidin channels are gated by small conformational ch

155 solvation effects of side chain residues of gramicidin channels by double acyl chains and by the pre

156 Gramicidin channels can be used as such reporter protein

157 ollection modes to study K+ transfer through gramicidin channels in a horizontal bilayer lipid membra

158 At the same time, gramicidin channels in membranes of nonlamellar DOPE are

159 Gramicidin channels inserted into the cancer cells open

160 Using gramicidin channels of different lengths (different chan

161 channels and ran computer simulations of 81 gramicidin channels to find the equilibrium distribution

162 probable nearest-neighbor separation between gramicidin channels was 26.8 A in DLPC, but reduced to 2

163 annels are structurally equivalent to native gramicidin channels, as demonstrated by the formation of

164 fluorescence self-quenching from dye-labeled gramicidin channels, we observed that the efficiency of

165 nges in the function of bilayer-incorporated gramicidin channels.

166 could be expected from the experiments with gramicidin channels.

167 to approach the hydrophobic thickness of the gramicidin channels.

168 structure and function of membrane-spanning gramicidin channels.

169 -to-serine substitutions in bilayer-spanning gramicidin channels.

170 ng is of major importance for the folding of gramicidin channels.

171 Lactosylated gramicidin-containing lipid nanoparticles (Lac-GLN) were

172 Gramicidin D (gD) added to the membrane responds primari

173 The effects of the channel-forming peptide gramicidin D (gD) on the conductance and electroporation

174 The addition of gramicidin D at a 1:20 mol ratio with DMPC results in th

175 In comparison, gramicidin D killed both S. aureus strains to equivalent

176 By using unitary field potential and gramicidin D perforated-patch recordings, we provide evi

177 Liquid sample DESI of hydrophobic peptide gramicidin D suggests that the ionization mechanism invo

178 e observed following addition of arsenite or gramicidin D to cultures.

179 les containing the peptides gramicidin S and gramicidin D were analyzed both with and without the mat

180 ducer of heat shock and oxidative stress, or gramicidin D, a toxin that selectively permeabilizes cel

181 ed platelet microbicidal protein 1 (tPMP-1), gramicidin D, and protamine.

182 ed by cell sensitization to Vinca alkaloids, gramicidin D, and Taxol with no effect on cell sensitivi

183 ble to the polypeptide pore-forming molecule gramicidin D, independent of the Vsa type and length.

184 cle fusion to a planar bilayer) to show that gramicidin dimer channels do not normally dissociate whe

185 agents: sodium arsenite, an oxidative agent; Gramicidin, eliciting K(+) efflux and calcium influx; di

186 lly atomistic simulations of the ion channel gramicidin embedded in a POPC membrane.

187 ed protein-protein interactions exhibited by gramicidin embedded in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (D

188 In planar bilayers, the Ser-substituted gramicidins form well-defined channels, with cation cond

189 the feasibility of such a mechanism, we used gramicidin (gA) analogues of different lengths together

190 The canonical mechanism of gramicidin (gA) channel formation is transmembrane dimer

191 To test this idea, gramicidin (gD) was embedded in 1, 2-dilauroyl-sn-glycer

192 Concurrently, gramicidin-gramicidin correlations were measured by x-ra

193 In the fluid phase, the gramicidin-gramicidin nearest-neighbor separation is 26.

194 with an x-ray crystallographic structure for gramicidin having a double-stranded, right-handed helix

195 Finkelstein for permeation of water through gramicidin in a phospholipid membrane.

196 iac glycosides or directly after exposure to gramicidin in low sodium media-is sufficient to disrupt

197 -iodine or antibiotics (neomycin-polymyxin B-gramicidin in the Philippines; ciprofloxacin 0.3% in Ind

198 MR spectroscopy of single-site (15)N-labeled gramicidin in uniformly aligned bilayers in the L(alpha)

199 pectrometry to study the self-association of gramicidin in various organic and mixed solvents that ar

200 estigated by synthesizing and characterizing gramicidins in which Trp(9) was ring-labeled and D-Leu(1

201 annels (e.g., alpha-hemolysin (alpha-HL) and gramicidin) in the bilayer is observed; conversely, reve

202 nide m-chorophenylhydrazone or the ionophore gramicidin, indicating that the synaptic vesicle proton

203 nce and circular dichroism, the mechanism of gramicidin insertion is elucidated.

204 h-clamp fluorescence microscopy by measuring gramicidin ion channel conformational changes in a lipid

205 elastic response provides an explanation for gramicidin ion channel lifetime versus membrane thicknes

206 nt, the mycoplasmas were highly sensitive to gramicidin irrespective of the length of the Vsa protein

207 Gramicidin is a membrane pentadecapeptide that acts as a

208 ould transform the porin-like channel into a gramicidin-like beta(12)-helical channel.

209 The design of gramicidin-like beta-helix relies on an alternating patt

210 rsion of a complex porin-like channel into a gramicidin-like channel provides a link between two diff

211 D-alanine substitution support the idea of a gramicidin-like channel.

212 A method is demonstrated to extract the gramicidin-lipid boundary condition from all-atom simula

213 r conductance data for both gramicidin A and gramicidin M channels confirms this conclusion, indicati

214 Gramicidin A/gramicidin M heterodimer conductances were measured in p

215 s about halfway between the gramicidin A and gramicidin M homodimer conductances.

216 ion step is approximately 100-fold slower in gramicidin M homodimers than in gramicidin A homodimers

217 id-state NMR to investigate the structure of gramicidin M in a lipid bilayer and to investigate the m

218 principle difference in the gramicidin A and gramicidin M transport free-energy profiles occurs at th

219 e-energy difference between gramicidin A and gramicidin M, we construct an effective ion-Trp free-ene

220 The experiments were carried out at gramicidin-modified dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (DOPC)-

221 assay to probe for PA-induced changes in the gramicidin monomer<-->dimer equilibrium.

222 he IPSC reversal potential was determined by gramicidin perforated patch recordings to be -65.3 +/- 5

223 al dentate granule cells were recorded using gramicidin perforated patch techniques at varying times

224 ronal Cl(-) homeostasis determined using the gramicidin perforated patch-clamp method.

225 , we performed cell-attached, whole-cell and gramicidin perforated patch-clamp recordings of progenit

226 In gramicidin perforated patch-clamp recordings, exogenous

227 embryos and assaying neuronal Cl(-) through gramicidin perforated patch-clamp recordings.

228 Gramicidin perforated-patch and whole-cell recordings we

229 Using the gramicidin perforated-patch clamp technique in the brain

230 Using the gramicidin perforated-patch configuration, we recorded f

231 Gramicidin perforated-patch recording revealed a GABA re

232 mining E(gly) in mouse cartwheel cells using gramicidin perforated-patch recording.

233 By using gramicidin perforated-patch recordings, we established t

234 In voltage-clamped gramicidin-perforated cells, GABA induced dose-dependent

235 In gramicidin-perforated patch clamp recordings on airway-s

236 Lastly, using gramicidin-perforated patch clamp recordings, we found t

237 The gramicidin-perforated patch clamp technique on neurons r

238 ons using calcium imaging techniques and the gramicidin-perforated patch clamp technique.

239 m the AOB, and used the whole-cell patch and gramicidin-perforated patch clamp techniques to measure

240 With gramicidin-perforated patch recording, E(GABA) was -25 +

241 Based on gramicidin-perforated patch recordings in hypothalamic s

242 We used gramicidin-perforated patch recordings to characterize C

243 Whole-cell and gramicidin-perforated patch recordings were obtained fro

244 P) 0 and 40 (P0-P40) were examined using the gramicidin-perforated patch technique.

245 Using gramicidin-perforated patch whole cell recordings, intra

246 both early postnatal and adult periods, and gramicidin-perforated patch-clamp recordings revealed th

247 We used gramicidin-perforated patch-clamp recordings to investig

248 in embryonic NM neurons using whole-cell and gramicidin-perforated patch-clamp techniques to measure

249 Recording from neurones using gramicidin-perforated patch-clamping showed a 10-fold sm

250 rded from current-clamped neurones using the gramicidin-perforated technique, the application of taur

251 ) in striatal cholinergic interneurones with gramicidin-perforated whole-cell patch recordings.

252 o inhibited the BK-induced inward current in gramicidin-perforated whole-cell patch-clamp recordings

253 corded GABAergic synaptic currents using the gramicidin-perforated-patch method and found their rever

254 functional group attached to one side of the gramicidin pore induces diodelike conductance behavior i

255 The transport of a single proton through the gramicidin pore is described by a potential of mean forc

256 tage of the amplification characteristics of gramicidin pores to sense the activity of picomolar to n

257 Like previous simulations with a lower lipid/gramicidin ratio, it is found that tryptophan-water hydr

258 l and beta-helix formation, as in porins and gramicidin, respectively, represent two distinct mechani

259 previously, dications of the cyclic peptide Gramicidin S (GS) and the photoactive organonometallic c

260 Physisorption of a cyclic peptide, Gramicidin S (GS), was studied for 8 h during deposition

261 mounts of model peptides HLGLAR (m/z 666.8), gramicidin S (m/z 1142.5), and bovine insulin b chain (m

262 Particles containing the peptides gramicidin S and gramicidin D were analyzed both with an

263 obic moments for two antimicrobial peptides, gramicidin S and PGLa, under different conditions.

264 osynthesize the symmetric cyclic decapeptide gramicidin S and the cyclic lipoheptapeptide surfactin A

265 nd 14 zmol (approximately 8400 molecules) of gramicidin S are reported.

266 enzymatic synthesis of the cyclic antibiotic gramicidin S by gramicidin S synthetase.

267 generation of the D-Phe-S-enzyme that starts gramicidin S chain growth.

268 ale the membrane affinity of the decapeptide Gramicidin S cyclo(d-Phe-Pro-Val-Orn-Leu-)2 (GS).

269 The detection of 14 zmol of gramicidin S is to the best of our knowledge a record in

270 cyclization activity: the TE domain from the gramicidin S NRPS catalyzes head-to-tail cyclization of

271 tion of DPD with viral DNA or the antibiotic gramicidin S resulted in significant biochemical alterat

272 f the nonribosomal peptide synthetase enzyme gramicidin S synthetase A (GrsA-PheA) for a set of nonco

273 tion module PheATE (GrsA) of Bacillus brevis gramicidin S synthetase catalyzes the activation, thiola

274 n (ATE) initiation module of Bacillus brevis gramicidin S synthetase equilibrates the Calpha configur

275 The gramicidin S synthetase initiation module (PheATE) is a

276 sis of the cyclic antibiotic gramicidin S by gramicidin S synthetase.

277 clization of a decapeptide thioester to form gramicidin S, and the TE domain from the surfactin NRPS

278 trated using model peptide ions (bradykinin, gramicidin S, and trpzip 1).

279 ly protonated substance P, doubly protonated gramicidin S, doubly protonated neurotensin, and triply

280 on also was observed with the cyclic peptide gramicidin S, indicating the generality of the mechanism

281 n, cephalosporins, streptomycin, fosfomycin, gramicidin S, rapamycin, indolmycin, microcin B17, fumag

282 the membrane-active cyclopeptide antibiotic, gramicidin S.

283 the membrane-active cyclopeptide antibiotic, gramicidin S.

284 incorporated into the decapeptide antibiotic gramicidin S.

285 llowed by cyclization to form the antibiotic gramicidin S.

286 for the two charge states of the decapeptide Gramicidin S.

287 The gramicidin segment was used to target the nitroxide payl

288 Although experiments with Gramicidin show that the change in elasticity depends pr

289 cules per leaflet were removed to insert the gramicidin, so the resulting preparation had 96 lipid mo

290 etween a Ser-containing subunit and a native gramicidin subunit.

291 ed in redesign for three different proteins: Gramicidin Synthetase A, plastocyanin, and protein G.

292 rotein were more resistant to complement and gramicidin than mycoplasmas that were dispersed.

293 ated to the maximum signal after addition of gramicidin, the maximal percent increases in fluorescenc

294 In the linear gramicidins, the four aromatic residues at positions 9,

295 2+) influx or stimulation of Na(+) influx by gramicidin was accompanied by a facilitation of cyclic n

296 Gramicidin was added to the system in peptide/lipid rati

297 chroism (CD) was measured to ensure that the gramicidin was in the beta6.3 helix form.

298 Gramicidin was used as a prototype model because its por

299 This is contrary to the case of gramicidin where 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocho

300 With a pipette solution containing gramicidin, which forms Cl--impermeable pores, glucose i

301 published data concerning the interaction of gramicidin with bilayers and the hydrophobic mismatch ef