ライフサイエンスコーパス: grassland

1 n rates in an annual-dominated Mediterranean grassland.

2 nfluence N uptake and retention in temperate grassland.

3 system-level carbon and water fluxes in a C3 grassland.

4 a woodland that both were surrounded by open grassland.

5 tallgrass prairie, alpine tundra and desert grassland.

6 n a water-availability gradient in semi-arid grassland.

7 s, being concentrated in the top 10 cm under grassland.

8 tors in mediating ecosystem C fluxes in this grassland.

9 ched in topsoil under trees when compared to grassland.

10 ction (ANPP) in a northern Chihuahuan Desert grassland.

11 re diverse AMF communities than savannas and grassland.

12 more abundant in both primary and secondary grassland.

13 p control plant disease levels in overgrazed grasslands.

14 ty on the ABP in the Northern Tibetan alpine grasslands.

15 sink was primarily ascribed to savannas and grasslands.

16 ctors affect the BEF relationships in alpine grasslands.

17 nds were reduced compared with those from NG grasslands.

18 e stocks of carbon held in temperate managed grasslands.

19 c setting, near a lakeshore bordered by open grasslands.

20 occurred primarily in temperate forests and grasslands.

21 tributed ecosystems: wetlands, woodlands and grasslands.

22 rised of dry forests, woodland savannas, and grasslands.

23 lopment of new varieties for more productive grasslands.

24 n will lead to increased exotic dominance in grasslands.

25 , with particularly clear spatial trends for grasslands.

26 within relatively homogeneous biomes such as grasslands.

27 cross three naturally N-limited or P-limited grasslands.

28 nerability, and predict the future of desert grasslands.

29 ing services in more inherently unproductive grasslands.

30 etation types, such as temperate forests and grasslands.

31 to climate change and the spread of savannah grasslands.

32 he "water-savings effect" usually invoked in grasslands.

33 derness and current connectivity to mountain grasslands.

34 st plants and butterflies in 561 seminatural grasslands.

35 wing seasons in regulating soil C release in grasslands.

36 areas and periodically flooded savannas and grasslands.

37 sponse to continuous sheep grazing in steppe grasslands.

38 in soil carbon, especially in drier savanna grasslands.

39 climate change, we expect reduction of Stipa grasslands.

40 temperate grasslands and the Tibetan alpine grasslands.

41 (E. f. caballus) living in adjacent natural grasslands.

42 issions for wheat, maize, rice and temperate grasslands.

43 ed to mean annual temperature in the Tibetan grasslands.

44 ided conversion (11%), compost amendments to grasslands (9%), and wetland and grassland restoration (

45 oil moisture dynamics to a depth of 9 m in a grassland, a grassland encroached by a juniper species (

46 In a Californian grassland, a hotspot for global biodiversity, we used a

47 e explored in cattle grazing on semi-natural grassland, a set of populations with low frequencies of

48 this zone, vegetation can be stable both as grassland and as shrubland.

49 with differing long-term management regimes (grassland and bare fallow respectively) in addition to c

50 g-term experimental data from four temperate grassland and five arable crop rotation sites spanning f

51 d plant diversity in a California serpentine grassland and found that many plant species flowered ear

52 tial bites are abundant and apparent in most grassland and meadow systems, as they were in the presen

53 In the arid system, grassland and shrubland plant and breeding bird communit

54 More than 3 million km(2) of forest, grassland and shrublands were converted into agricultura

55 nitrogen losses were substantial in savanna grasslands and broadleaf forests, but not in temperate a

56 sink capacity of frequently burning savanna grasslands and broadleaf forests.

57 tion of wood in forests, livestock forage in grasslands and fish in aquatic ecosystems.

58 bundance, in a mosaic of non-irrigated shrub/grasslands and irrigated crops/pastures.

59 omes of China, the Inner Mongolian temperate grasslands and the Tibetan alpine grasslands.

60 ion thresholds for GHGs varied greatly among grasslands and with fire management.

61 ges upon transitions from marginal cropland, grassland, and cropland-pastureland to switchgrass produ

62 the wells ("controls") in forested, wetland, grassland, and river areas in July, August, October 2013

63 s emissions across global forests, wetlands, grasslands, and agricultural lands.

64 a difference between C3 and C4 crops but not grasslands; and isotope-based estimates of WUE are highe

65 In our experimental grasslands arbuscular mycorrhizas can ameliorate P-limit

66 grassland, broadleaved woodland and neutral grassland are the habitats that produce the greatest amo

67 Our results suggest grasslands are poised for drastic changes in function an

68 ne, while the concomitant decrease in alpine grassland area is likely to have negative implications f

69 average productivity in nearly 40% of global grassland areas have been significantly affected by clim

70 as (GHG; CO2, CH4, and N2O) sink capacity of grasslands as well as other terrestrial ecosystems.

71 simulated climate change applied to natural grassland at Buxton Climate Change Impacts Laboratory (B

72 change mitigation is widely recognized, with grasslands being identified as having the potential to s

73 The degree to which grassland biodiversity can be expected to 'bounce back'

74 his relationship using long-term data from a grassland biodiversity experiment (The Jena Experiment)

75 An early summer flooding event in a grassland biodiversity experiment in Jena, Germany, prov

76 easing atmospheric nitrogen (N) pollution on grassland biodiversity is now incontrovertible.

77 that continuous overgrazing not only causes grassland biodiversity to decline, but also causes light

78 cm) along a 4000-km climate transect in two grassland biomes of China, the Inner Mongolian temperate

79 ty intactness within most biomes (especially grassland biomes), most biodiversity hotspots, and even

80 easing for woodland birds and decreasing for grassland breeders.

81 ere we analyse data from 48 sites in savanna grasslands, broadleaf forests and needleleaf forests spa

82 Calcareous grassland, broadleaved woodland and neutral grassland ar

83 e dominance of key grass species in semiarid grassland, but that the collapse of a dominant species d

84 or reduced the net GHG sink strength of most grasslands, but as experimental N loads continued to inc

85 tion is necessary to restore degraded alpine grasslands, but more precipitation might be useless for

86 led to the widespread expansion of tropical grasslands, but that frequent fires and low CO2 played a

87 The replacement of native C4 -dominated grassland by C3 -dominated shrubland is considered an ec

88 Responses of grassland carbon (C) cycling to climate change and land

89 d small mammal communities in arid and mesic grasslands changed in response to increasing aridity and

90 zation - in 27 coexisting species from three grassland communities along a precipitation gradient.

91 om the Park Grass Experiment show that Wi in grassland communities consistently increased over a wide

92 We used 21 naturally assembled grassland communities to analyse the gradients of N in t

93 ing variable Wi responses in a wide range of grassland communities.

94 n productivity and plant species richness in grassland communities.

95 ibution models for species from a California grassland community results in better range predictions

96 e global change drivers on pre- and postfire grassland community structure and ANPP.

97 Bison in the warmer grassland consumed a lower proportion of C3 grass, but n

98 Owing to their large area, improved grasslands could add substantially to national nectar pr

99 ree-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments in grassland, cropland and forest ecosystems and found that

100 Relative abundance in primary grassland decreased with clade stem age, but only weakly

101 Grassland degradation due to overgrazing is common in ma

102 de a powerful tool to evaluate the degree of grassland degradation.

103 al microcosmic index to monitor processes of grassland degradation.

104 predictions of the net GHG sink strength of grasslands depend on how experimental N loads compare to

105 predictions of the net GHG sink strength of grasslands depending on their N baseline status.

106 rk well in small-statured vegetation such as grasslands, desert, agricultural crops, and tree sapling

107 nd 14 ecosystem services on 150 agricultural grasslands differing in land-use intensity.

108 ptible to abrupt shifts between woodland and grassland dominated states in the future.

109 k allows juvenile shrubs to establish in the grassland during average years and, once established, re

110 forested areas and water bodies and avoided grasslands during the day (primarily at noon), they had

111 as larger close to areas containing tropical grasslands during the last glacial maximum, which are po

112 In this region, grassland dynamics are tightly linked to available moist

113 c environmental changes that took place in a grassland ecosystem affected soil bacterial community as

114 tly, tracing of the delta(13)C variations in grassland ecosystem can provide a powerful tool to evalu

115 ffects of precipitation on the dynamics of a grassland ecosystem in central California from 2007 to 2

116 Here, in a grassland ecosystem subject to 15 years of experimental

117 lated in a previously artificial light naive grassland ecosystem.

118 The evolution of C4 grassland ecosystems in eastern Africa has been intensel

119 ion record suggests the increase in open, C4 grassland ecosystems over the last 10 Ma may have operat

120 Grassland ecosystems store an estimated 30% of the world

121 g that Epichloe-grass symbioses can modulate grassland ecosystems via both above- and belowground eco

122 conductance for water vapor) of trees and C3 grassland ecosystems, but the causes of the variability

123 ts may have long-lasting carbon feedbacks in grassland ecosystems.

124 l carbon balance in the dominating forest or grassland ecosystems.

125 altering composition of plant communities in grassland ecosystems.

126 olian Steppe is one of the largest remaining grassland ecosystems.

127 composition of biocrust cyanobacteria in two grassland ecosystems.

128 dynamics to a depth of 9 m in a grassland, a grassland encroached by a juniper species (eastern redce

129 Further, arid deserts and warm-temperate grasslands exhibit negative DTR trends, while the west c

130 Degraded alpine grasslands exhibited three restoration trajectories: an

131 mid-continent aridification and savannas and grasslands expanded into the interior of the major conti

132 e ecosystem scale-a 17-y study of California grassland exposed to full-factorial warming, added preci

133 It is an attractive component of grassland farming, because of its high yield and protein

134 Overall, in an overgrazed grassland fenced for one year, disease levels in blocks

135 type in the study area was determined to be grassland, followed by arable land and wetland.

136 ve implications for the future management of grasslands for carbon storage and climate mitigation, an

137 Our results found that in both grasslands, from cold to warm sites the amounts of soil

138 ncertainties for 44% and 33% of the crop and grassland growth cycles, respectively.

139 distribution range, specialized diet or dry grassland habitat were more likely than others to disapp

140 the hominins inhabited a savannah-like open grassland habitat with a wetland component.

141 were collected from contiguous chaparral and grassland habitats, and RNA from each individually extra

142 Instead, bison diet in the warmer grassland had a greater proportion of N2-fixing eudicots

143 ation in grassland than shrubland, such that grassland had a net uptake of C when wet but lost C when

144 ge between these ecosystems were pronounced--grassland had similar productivity compared to shrubland

145 (3) Grasslands had greater soil NO3 (-) seasonality vs. fore

146 (2) Exotic grasslands had lower soil C than secondary forests, whic

147 -particularly the spread of nonnative annual grasslands--has led to a breakdown in the compensatory d

148 (H2) Exotic grasslands have elevated soil NO3 (-) and decreased soil

149 (H3) Exotic grasslands have greater seasonality in soil NO3 (-) vs.

150 e resulting from shrub expansion into desert grasslands have remained poorly investigated.

151 Although studies in grasslands have shown sensitivity of aboveground net pri

152 om samples collected from the seven types of grassland in China.

153 o-year period in a semiarid Leymus chinensis grassland in Inner Mongolia, China.

154 Enrichment (PHACE) experiment, situated in a grassland in Wyoming, USA.

155 nce of native and exotic plant species at 64 grasslands in 13 countries, and at a subset of the sites

156 he appearance and subsequent expansion of C4 grasslands in eastern Africa.

157 es with seeds of native or exotic species in grasslands in Montana, California and Germany.

158 of the dominant grass, Leymus chinensis, of grasslands in northern China declined dramatically, but

159 on soil microbial communities at the Nachusa Grasslands in northern Illinois, USA.

160 s and levels of plant diseases in overgrazed grasslands in northwestern China.

161 tural ecosystems (semi-improved and improved grasslands) in two UK catchments.

162 Thus, although community structure in this grassland is relatively resistant to this type of altere

163 rent conservation value of either forests or grasslands is more likely to induce large oscillations-e

164 ividual components in botanical species from grasslands is nowadays of high interest in searching for

165 ilability influence ECE in arid and semiarid grasslands is still uncertain.

166 ith respect to size and number of genes; the grassland isolate also contains a plasmid.

167 gated changes in biofuel crop production and grassland land covers surrounding approximately 18,000 r

168 lity of plant community biomass in an alpine grassland located on the Tibetan Plateau.

169 st by efforts aimed at reclaiming historical grasslands lost to high-yield agriculture.

170 ly simpler biocrusts in blue grama-dominated grassland maintained biomass, only suffering diversity l

171 in both Australian and African savannas and grasslands may present similar threats to biodiversity.

172 ucted investigations in a wet meadow (WM), a grassland meadow (GM), a moderately degraded meadow (MDM

173 Endangered forest-grassland mosaics interspersed with expanding agricultur

174 ity in places previously occupied by savanna-grassland mosaics) favouring some species at the expense

175 Best scenarios include: (i) DI used in grassland (n = 133), averaging 11% yield increase, 33% N

176 The 170 National Forests and Grasslands (NFs) in the conterminous United States are p

177 press-droughts on carbon cycling in a mesic grassland of the US Great Plains.

178 of observed yields, while 42 (rice) to 96% (grasslands) of the models were within 1 SD of observed N

179 -year fertilization experiment in a semiarid grassland on the Colorado Plateau in the southwestern Un

180 ative net impact on stability of bats and in grasslands on birds.

181 se diversity-stability relationships from 41 grasslands on five continents and examine how these rela

182 nial grass used for revegetation of degraded grasslands on the Loess Plateau, China.

183 r, and the conversion of forest to cropland, grassland, or peri-urban.

184 a >50% decline in production of a native C3 grassland over four decades and assign the forcing and t

185 ebush (Larrea tridentata) has been replacing grasslands over the past 100-150 years.

186 nd (c) a relatively low digestibility native grassland pasture comprising mainly Molinia caerulea.

187 Fenced grassland patches on the northern Tibetan Plateau can be

188 We added a pulse of (15) N to grassland plant communities assembled to represent a ran

189 d that the ecosystem productivity of diverse grassland plant communities was more resistant, changing

190 the relative abundance of a species across a grassland plant community, and that this rare-species ad

191 se data from 46 experiments that manipulated grassland plant diversity to test whether biodiversity p

192 ed net pairwise plant-soil feedbacks for two grassland plant species grown in monoculture and competi

193 Grassland playas had nearly three times more original pl

194 erimental climate treatments were applied to grassland plots for 15 years using a replicated and spat

195 nto a single model and using data from 1,126 grassland plots spanning five continents, we detect the

196 term forcings across three trophic levels in grassland plots subjected to natural and experimental va

197 lation here was higher in urban forests than grasslands, potentially related to of aboveground N inte

198 ing consequences of recent climate change on grassland production and underscore the importance of un

199 om 36% at stage 1 down to 4% on average) and grassland productivity (from 44% to 27%) and to a lesser

200 effect of historic climate change on global grassland productivity from 1982 to 2011.

201 ributed significantly to long-term trends in grassland productivity mainly in North America, central

202 ribution of climate change to variability in grassland productivity was 15.2-71.2% during 1982-2011.

203 impacts of climate change on variability in grassland productivity were greater in the Western Hemis

204 nutrients, such as K and micronutrients, for grassland productivity, and point to significant variati

205 ould be sinks of 620 and 228 for forests and grasslands, respectively, and C sources of 13 for shrubl

206 ould be used to improve model predictions of grassland responses to global change.

207 endments to grasslands (9%), and wetland and grassland restoration (5%).

208 Thus, sourcing plant material for grassland restoration and forage should consider changes

209 ion test conditions when selecting seeds for grassland restoration and management.

210 ikely produced both forest loss and Imperata grassland restoration in this region.

211 by a large expanse of presumed anthropogenic grassland savanna, dominated by the Family Poaceae, that

212 iversity and structure of AMF communities in grasslands, savannas, dry forests and miombo in a protec

213 We measured six paired grassland/secondary forest sites along a tropical urban-

214 re we show that size and richness of an acid grassland seed bank is strongly reduced after 13 years o

215 Thus, although unburned grassland showed little initial response to multiple eco

216 l collection sites that range from forest to grassland shows that most extant East and Central Africa

217 for 15,136 forest, woodland, shrubland, and grassland sites across the continental United States, to

218 r of limiting nutrients were added across 45 grassland sites from a multi-continent experimental netw

219 nutrients (K+mu), alone or in concert, to 42 grassland sites spanning five continents, and monitored

220 d functional--in C4-dominanted mesic savanna grassland sites with similar structure and physiognomy,

221 riment replicated at 25 globally distributed grassland sites.

222 ability limited productivity at 31 of the 42 grassland sites.

223 We estimate grassland soil carbon in Great Britain to be 2097 Tg C t

224 e phytate for growth compared with arable or grassland soil communities.

225 ondary forests, due to higher sensitivity of grassland soil moisture to rainfall.

226 f many plant communities, but its impacts on grassland soil seed banks are unknown.

227 cysteine phytase genes were most abundant in grassland soil which contained the greatest amount of Na

228 was then applied to NaOH/EDTA extracts of a grassland soil, of which paramagnetic contaminations wer

229 er xyloglucan contents than detected in a UK grassland soil.

230 forest soils (2.43) and the lowest found for grassland soils (1.67) and significantly increased with

231 ectively) than in semi-improved and improved grassland soils (13 and 25 kg N ha(-1) y(-1), respective

232 d soils to 1 m depth, we show that carbon in grassland soils is vulnerable to management and that the

233 diverse globally sourced soil samples, while grassland soils shared approximately 40% of their operat

234 nce of substantial carbon stocks at depth in grassland soils that are sensitive to management.

235 From a nationwide survey of grassland soils to 1 m depth, we show that carbon in gra

236 Failure of grassland soils to accumulate SOC was attributed to redu

237 isolated in association with nematodes from grassland soils, and it is likely that C. elegans encoun

238 biomass and lesser dominance by bacteria in grassland soils.

239 Specifically, we compared grasslands spanning a broad precipitation gradient ( app

240 ferent neighbour species in the field for 27 grassland species and measured the aboveground morpholog

241 tive range), or exotic 'cultivated' using 28 grassland species in a glasshouse experiment.

242 portunity to assess flooding responses of 60 grassland species in monocultures and 16-species mixture

243 In a 17-year field study of grassland species, we used two full factorial experiment

244 Grasslands store approximately one-third of all terrestr

245 t is unclear if such findings from temperate grassland studies similarly pertain to warmer ecosystems

246 Vegetation gap patterns in arid grasslands, such as the "fairy circles" of Namibia, are

247 Mature biocrusts in black grama grassland suffered severe losses in cyanobacterial bioma

248 d a large-scale investigation of a temperate grassland system in Inner Mongolia and assessed the rich

249 d nutrient manipulation in a semiarid annual grassland system with highly heterogeneous soil nutrient

250 arbon sequestration capacity for this alpine grassland system.

251 habitat domain, activity and mortality in a grassland system.

252 study, we show that high plant diversity in grassland systems increases soil aggregate stability, a

253 esults indicate that the vegetation in these grassland systems is not very sensitive to the range of

254 re necessary to conserve the biodiversity of grassland systems.

255 more sensitive to soil moisture variation in grassland than shrubland, such that grassland had a net

256 lated to enzyme activities, and was lower in grasslands than forests.

257 ds 3.7-fold higher community fluctuations in grasslands than in forests, suggesting a negative impact

258 Furthermore, our analysis reveals how grasslands that beekeepers target when selecting commerc

259 nt of soil microbial biomass in experimental grasslands that can influence soil carbon dynamics irres

260 of North American bison (Bison bison) in two grasslands that differ in mean annual temperature by 6 d

261 During a 7-year experiment in a semi-arid grassland, the response of plant biomass to eCO2 and war

262 In our grassland, the total amount of disease was most accurate

263 cially in the arid desert and warm-temperate grasslands, the DTR decreased up to 2 degrees C, where t

264 ects can occur in both primary and secondary grasslands, the latter created by anthropogenic disturba

265 a 2-year experiment in three US Great Plains grasslands--the C4-dominated shortgrass prairie (SGP; lo

266 Grasslands throughout the world are responding in divers

267 tential for conversion of arable cropland to grassland to sequester carbon in the short to medium ter

268 limate conditions, the state transition from grassland to shrubland resulted in a substantial increas

269 hanges to ecosystem services often linked to grassland to shrubland state transitions may at least be

270 round the world are affected by a shift from grassland to shrubland vegetation, presumably induced by

271 stem state, which transitioned abruptly from grassland to woodlands as gradual changes in CO2 and fir

272 rge data sets from drylands and agricultural grasslands to assess: (1) the generality of intransitive

273 resistance and resilience of degraded alpine grasslands to grazing and to a changing climate.

274 experimental N loads continued to increase, grasslands transitioned to a N saturation-decline stage,

275 odlands, but caused no detectable changes to grassland trophic structure.

276 versity of responses observed in these three grassland types underscores the challenge of predicting

277 Results showed that across sites and crop/grassland types, 23%-40% of the uncalibrated individual

278 ed stems will become more abundant in future grasslands under more frequent and severe droughts, pote

279 ences in SOC stocks in the top 30 cm between grassland up to 17 years old and arable cropland at 14 s

280 rass stand planted on soil with a history of grassland vegetation at high spatial resolution to deter

281 climate change on phosphorus availability to grassland vegetation.

282 2) yr(-1) on average, while nearby native C4 grassland was a net source of 31 g C m(-2) yr(-1) over t

283 n (C) released during the plow-out of native grasslands was the largest source of GHG emissions befor

284 upled with high connectivity, whereas in the grassland watershed, export was attributed to wetter wea

285 In a semiarid grassland, we also observed that non-rainfall water inpu

286 In a heterogeneous California grassland, we documented declining plant diversity from

287 oils in non-grazed (NG) and over-grazed (OG) grassland were measured from samples collected from the

288 oot delta(13)C values (delta(13)Croot) in OG grasslands were reduced compared with those from NG gras

289 anical species abundant in Atlantic mountain grasslands were simultaneously extracted using one-step

290 tions was more evident in the Tibetan alpine grasslands where P limitation might become more widespre

291 ttern, we measured NO fluxes in a California grassland, where we manipulated vegetation cover and the

292 t soil bacterial phylotypes, particularly in grasslands, where it was typically the most abundant.

293 gonal plant diversity x GEC manipulations in grasslands, where plant diversity and at least one GEC f

294 We predict that during the 21st century some grasslands will be in the N limitation stage where other

295 elayed precipitation peaks indicate semiarid grasslands will release less C through soil respiratory

296 e significantly different between arable and grassland, with higher biomass and lesser dominance by b

297 increased with water addition in the two C4 grasslands, with greater ANPP sensitivity in TGP, but gr

298 ubgroups based on breeding habitat affinity (grassland, woodland, wetland, and shrubland breeders).

299 rom coordinated surveys conducted throughout grasslands worldwide and comprising a wide range of site

300 experimental precipitation manipulations in grasslands worldwide.