ライフサイエンスコーパス: grid cell

1 varies 10 or more years within a single GCM grid cell.

2 ulated with a cloud-permitting model in each grid cell.

3 environment in place caused rate changes in grid cells.

4 es to the firing of head direction cells and grid cells.

5 question regards the function of entorhinal grid cells.

6 verlaid onto the global hexagonal pattern of grid cells.

7 gh medial entorhinal cortex, perhaps via the grid cells.

8 signal to generate the repeating pattern of grid cells.

9 portant for navigation and memory, including grid cells.

10 sharply tuned to time and distance than non-grid cells.

11 junctive position-by-velocity selectivity of grid cells.

12 and are considered to be space-representing grid cells.

13 rbon (EC) by 16% (-0.05 mug/m(3)) in highway grid cells.

14 n and the associated movement speed to drive grid cells.

15 o be important for the accurate modelling of grid cells.

16 thought to be the neuronal correlate of the grid cells.

17 itical for downstream spatial computation by grid cells.

18 tional system with two key pieces: place and grid cells.

19 cells that represent much larger spaces than grid cells.

20 ns, the configuration space was divided into grid cells.

21 m of place, directional, boundary vector and grid cells.

22 ive and neutral genetic variation across the grid cells.

23 ypes in the circuit, such as place cells and grid cells.

24 remapping of place cells, and realignment of grid cells.

25 ing rate speed signals thought to be used by grid cells.

26 ke daily predictions of PM2.5 at 1 km x 1 km grid cells.

27 In the MEC, we imaged grid cells, a widely studied cell type essential to memo

28 15) show that the spatial firing patterns of grid cells accumulate error, drifting coherently, until

29 onatal mortality at a resolution of 5 x 5 km grid cells across 46 African countries for 2000, 2005, 2

30 this network, the periodic firing fields of grid cells act as a metric element for position.

31 n mice, bats, and monkeys, and signatures of grid cell activity have been observed in humans.

32 experiments in rats that measured place and grid cell activity in different environments, and then a

33 To determine whether grid cell activity reflects distance traveled or elapsed

34 Grid cell activity was only weakly influenced by locatio

35 To understand the structural basis of grid cell activity, we compare medial entorhinal cortex

36 necessary for the generation and function of grid cell activity.

37 ngs have strong implications for theories of grid-cell activity and substantiate the general hypothes

38 Among the most defining features of grid-cell activity are the 60 degrees rotational symmetr

39 all known spatial and temporal properties of grid cells along the MEC dorsoventral axis.

40 The spacing between neighboring fields for a grid cell also increases along the dorsoventral axis.

41 Grid cells also demonstrated intracellular theta oscilla

42 ing rats belonged to this class and included grid cells, an important subset that corresponds to thre

43 environment invariance generalizes to human grid-cell analogs, where the relative contribution of vi

44 dmarks that both correct error in entorhinal grid cells and bind internal spatial representations to

45 tion of spatially modulated cells, including grid cells and border cells, in these layers suggests th

46 rhinal cortex, which led to the discovery of grid cells and border cells.

47 the likely interaction between place cells, grid cells and boundary vector cells in estimating self-

48 he hippocampus, with directionally modulated grid cells and forward replay exhibiting the greatest co

49 Medial entorhinal grid cells and hippocampal place cells provide neural co

50 of head direction information to entorhinal grid cells and hippocampal place cells, yaw plane optic

51 only weakly influenced by location, but most grid cells and other neurons recorded from the same elec

52 his spiking GridPlaceMap model simulates how grid cells and place cells may develop.

53 is review is to summarize what we know about grid cells and point out where our knowledge is still in

54 ook into account also soil deposition within grid cells and the potential C export to riverine system

55 nd, by implication, the firing of entorhinal grid cells and the process of path integration.

56 ating the regular spatial firing patterns of grid cells, and changes in grid cell firing fields with

57 dioxide (NO2) by 28% (-2.33 ppbV) in highway grid cells, and reduced elemental carbon (EC) by 16% (-0

58 s the gradient of spatial scale in place and grid cells, and suggests that the brain constructs spati

59 Supporting this idea, grid cells appear to provide an environment-independent

60 scriminable the individual fields of a given grid cell are by looking at the distribution of field fi

61 We thus asked how grid cells are affected by the nature of the input from

62 In layer III, V and VI of the rat MEC, grid cells are also selective to head-direction and are

63 Establishing how grid cells are anatomically arranged, on a microscopic s

64 Thus, grid cells are controlled by both local geometric bounda

65 This suggests grid cells are engaged during the consolidation of spati

66 er 2 of medial entorhinal cortex, where most grid cells are found.

67 nput structure of layer 2 of MEC, where most grid cells are found.

68 Additionally, we demonstrate that grid cells are functionally micro-organized: the similar

69 show that the hexagonal activity patterns of grid cells are optimal.

70 Using these methods, we show that grid cells are physically clustered in MEC compared to n

71 Grid cells are spatially modulated neurons within the me

72 f true-would greatly change the way in which grid cells are thought to contribute to place coding.

73 e provide the first evidence suggesting that grid cells are utilized during movement of viewpoint wit

74 uantity are defined climatologically at each grid cell as the 50 d with the highest values in three 5

75 cells have been modeled as a ring attractor, grid cells as a plane attractor, and place cells both as

76 We use entorhinal grid cells as an example to demonstrate that our framewo

77 pendent of external information, we recorded grid cells as animals ran in place on a treadmill.

78 imal studies have identified place cells and grid cells as important for path integration, but underl

79 equired to sustain grid firing, by recording grid cells as mice explore familiar environments in comp

80 To investigate these influences, we recorded grid cells as rats explored an open-field platform in a

81 nal symmetry in the spatial firing of single grid cells at comparable short timescales.

82 the spatial variability was computed between grid cells at half-degree resolution, we found that almo

83 a set of functionally dedicated cell types: grid cells, border cells, head direction cells, and spee

84 These highly specialized neurons include grid cells, border cells, head-direction cells, and irre

85 Grid cells, border cells, head-directions cells, and con

86 ts, the spacing between the firing fields of grid cells changes systematically along the dorsal-ventr

87 wed no theta-frequency resonance, suggesting grid-cell coding via different mechanisms in bats and ra

88 onally distinct cell types such as place and grid cells, combined with an extensive body of human-bas

89 These results indicate that grid cells communicate primarily via inhibitory interneu

90 Grid cells constitute one of the main cell types in the

91 e interval, 1.34-1.63; P<0.0001), as well as grid cells containing train stations (odds ratio, 3.80;

92 orhinal cortex, raising the possibility that grid cells contribute to stable place fields when an org

93 Our findings explicate the way in which grid cells could function in human path integration.

94 n other entorhinal cell populations, such as grid cells, could depend on plasticity, raising the poss

95 for spatial navigation, including entorhinal grid cells, critically depend on input from the head dir

96 Grid cells, defined by their striking periodic spatial r

97 out the necessity of spatial exploration for grid cell development, network topography, the maturatio

98 ie close to a two-dimensional (2D) manifold: grid cells differed only along two dimensions of their r

99 ns in medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), termed grid cells, discharge at regular spatial intervals.

100 Medial entorhinal grid cells display strikingly symmetric spatial firing p

101 d membrane-potential resonance; however, bat grid cells do not exhibit theta rhythmic spiking, genera

102 een recorded around eye-opening (P16), while grid cells do not obtain adult-like features until the f

103 Most studies of grid cells emphasized the roles of geometric boundaries

104 Furthermore, we argue that entorhinal grid cells encode a low-dimensionality basis set for the

105 We propose that grid cells encode the geometric layout of enclosures.

106 "Grid cells" encode an animal's location and direction of

107 Medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) grid cells exhibit firing fields spread across the envir

108 Grid cells exhibit hexagonal grid firing patterns across

109 Many grid cells exhibited multiple firing fields during tread

110 f excitatory and inhibitory coupling between grid cells exist independently of visual input and of sp

111 Medial entorhinal grid cells fire in periodic, hexagonally patterned locat

112 nning speed and direction, medial entorhinal grid cells fire in repeating place-specific locations, p

113 entorhinal cortex could lead to deficits in grid cell firing and underlie the deterioration of spati

114 To understand how grid cell firing arises from the combination of intrinsi

115 irst evidence that in a complex environment, grid cell firing can form the coherent global pattern ne

116 Although this suggests that altered grid cell firing could generate distinct hippocampal pop

117 a variety of neuronal properties, including grid cell firing field spacing, which is thought to enco

118 iring patterns of grid cells, and changes in grid cell firing fields with movement of environmental b

119 n modules modeled with large spacing between grid cell firing fields.

120 n modules modeled with small spacing between grid cell firing fields.

121 Grid cell firing forms a hexagonal array of firing field

122 required for theta rhythmic oscillations and grid cell firing in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC).

123 stinct hippocampal place fields emerge while grid cell firing is compromised.

124 However, with prolonged experience, grid cell firing patterns formed a single, continuous re

125 r, an accurate and universal metric requires grid cell firing patterns to uniformly cover the space t

126 However, grid cell firing patterns were unaffected, concordant wi

127 cues results in a significant disruption of grid cell firing patterns, even when the quality of the

128 s on the computation of location that drives grid cell firing patterns.

129 velocity modulation of theta rhythmicity and grid cell firing patterns.

130 n the entorhinal cortex and to generation of grid cell firing patterns.

131 in particular enclosure boundaries influence grid cell firing properties.

132 e entorhinal cortex, with changes evident in grid cell firing rate and the local field potential thet

133 Many different computational models of grid cell firing use path integration based on movement

134 l processing, such as theta oscillations and grid cell firing.

135 tion known to disrupt theta oscillations and grid cell firing.

136 ch as continuous attractor network models of grid cell firing.

137 r oscillatory interference as a mechanism of grid cell firing.

138 6-fold rotational symmetry characteristic of grid cell firing.

139 nstraints on several computational models of grid cell firing.

140 In rats, grid-cell firing field properties correlate with theta-f

141 s or lack of theta rhythmic contributions to grid-cell firing in either species.

142 t has been proposed to account for place and grid-cell firing patterns.

143 alize on the six-fold rotational symmetry of grid-cell firing to demonstrate a 60 degrees periodic pa

144 Despite the inherent stochasticity of grid-cell firing, phase precession is therefore a robust

145 u et al. (2016) report the first evidence of grid cells for 2D conceptual spaces.

146 angelands and projected on 244 12 km x 12 km grid cells for eight Bay Area counties.

147 ed with excitatory cell loss and deficits in grid cell function, including destabilized grid fields a

148 torhinal cortex, which might be relevant for grid cell function.

149 ct sensory drive, which may be important for grid cell function.

150 Grid cell generation depends upon theta rhythm, a 6-10 H

151 Grid cells had large and reproducible ramps of membrane

152 e particular spatial representation, that of grid cells, has been observed in the entorhinal cortex (

153 rodents in which head-direction, place, and grid cells have all been described.

154 Grid cells have also been found in mice, bats, and monke

155 This suggests that, on average, nearby grid cells have more similar spatial firing phases than

156 These include place cells, grid cells, head direction cells, and boundary vector ce

157 cated in learning and memory, they also are "grid cells." Here we address the question of what kinds

158 Grid cells, however, do display a limited degree of adap

159 R0 and SIG were calculated for each grid cell in Canada south of 60 degrees N, for each time

160 e analysis including other landmarks in each grid cell in the model and demographic characteristics,

161 distinguish these possibilities, we examined grid cells in behaving rodents as they made long traject

162 ot periods preceding or succeeding movement, grid cells in deep layers of the entorhinal cortex repla

163 the temporal and spatial code of downstream grid cells in entorhinal cortex.

164 ntribute to the potential functional role of grid cells in guiding goal-directed navigation.

165 A new study indicates that grid cells in humans also represent information about im

166 When a rat moves, grid cells in its entorhinal cortex become active in mul

167 In the bat, grid cells in MEC display a functional topography in ter

168 The firing patterns of grid cells in medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) and associa

169 Grid cells in medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) are crucial

170 Grid cells in medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) can be mode

171 Grid cells in medial entorhinal cortex are an attractive

172 Grid cells in medial entorhinal cortex are thought to ac

173 Firing fields of grid cells in medial entorhinal cortex show compression

174 Both bats and rats exhibit grid cells in medial entorhinal cortex that fire as they

175 icity and stability in mice and suggest that grid cells in mice cannot perform accurate path integrat

176 erent global representation, we recorded mEC grid cells in rats foraging in an environment containing

177 avigational planning, yet the involvement of grid cells in replay is unknown.

178 e found that both oceans and islands contain grid cells in similar proportions, but island cell activ

179 account for the spatial firing properties of grid cells in terms of neuronal oscillators with frequen

180 Grid cells in the brain respond when an animal occupies

181 Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex (EC) of rodents [1]

182 The spatially periodic activity of grid cells in the entorhinal cortex (EC) of the rodent,

183 Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex appear to represent

184 Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex represent an animal'

185 The periodic spatial firing patterns of grid cells in the hippocampal formation offer a compact

186 ment is encoded by the activity of place and grid cells in the hippocampal formation.

187 ng clarifies how this may be achieved by how grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) input t

188 Place cells in the hippocampus and grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex have differen

189 ial location for memory function may involve grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex, but the mech

190 ur results provide a direct demonstration of grid cells in the primate and suggest that EC neurons en

191 t position in visual space is represented by grid cells in the primate entorhinal cortex (EC), sugges

192 Grid cells in the rodent medial entorhinal cortex exhibi

193 y tuned firing of place, head-direction, and grid cells in the rodent.

194 g the characteristic spatial periodicity of "grid cells" in mEC.

195 During navigation, grid cells increase their spike rates in firing fields a

196 nd rate remapping is self-organized; and (6) grid cell input to place cells helps stabilize their cod

197 e cells does not require, but is altered by, grid cell input; (3) plasticity in sensory inputs to pla

198 dow during which stable border cell, but not grid cell, inputs are available.

199 at, in the absence of external dynamic cues, grid cells integrate self-generated distance and time in

200 gain insight into the dynamics of place and grid cell interaction, we built a computational model wi

201 ess a possible linkage between place cell to grid cell interactions and PCA.

202 we tested these models by directly measuring grid cell intracellular potentials in mice running along

203 found that the periodic spatial activity of grid cells is completely degraded when animals are moved

204 ivity, including activity in a proportion of grid cells, is significantly more speed modulated than o

205 But how do grid cells learn to fire at multiple positions that form

206 Comparisons at the grid cell level indicate that disagreement is mainly rel

207 s skilful at predicting range changes at the grid-cell level, ecological niche models do as well, or

208 y or cognitive variables with populations of grid-cell-like neurons whose activity patterns exhibit l

209 and larger grid-field spacing compared with grid cells located more dorsally.

210 elds are topographically organized such that grid cells located more ventrally in MEC exhibit larger

211 During MS inactivation, grid cells lost their spatial periodicity, whereas head-

212 Grid cells may allow us to move our viewpoint in imagina

213 The spatial firing pattern of entorhinal grid cells may be important for navigation.

214 The spatial scale of grid cells may be provided by self-generated motion info

215 Grid cells may benefit from sensory inputs via boundary

216 Put simply, it is unclear how place and grid cells might provide a global representation of dist

217 ned with simulations of an attractor network grid cell model, demonstrate that landmarks are crucial

218 e movement direction signal required by most grid cell models may arise from other brain structures t

219 incorporating these nonlinear dynamics into grid cell models, we show that they can sharpen the prec

220 This indicates that different grid cell modules might have differential properties for

221 med to be generated by input from entorhinal grid cell modules with differing spatial scales.

222 expansion could be selective for individual grid cell modules with particular properties of spatial

223 o extremes occur on the same day in the same grid cell more than 50% of the time in the northeastern

224 ides a new interpretation in which place and grid cells mutually interact to form a coupled code for

225 accuracy coincides with the emergence of the grid cell network in the entorhinal cortex, raising the

226 gest a viable functional organization of the grid cell network, and highlight the benefit of integrat

227 cally plausible model for the formation of a grid cell network.

228 Theta rhythmicity and feedforward input from grid cell networks were thus not required to generate ne

229 times higher than those in the corresponding grid cell of an emission inventory developed for air qua

230 corresponding localized increases in railway grid cells of 25% (+0.83 ppbV) for NO2, and 22% (+0.05 m

231 Signals from grid cells of multiple scales combine adaptively to acti

232 integration performance and the activity of grid cells of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) are aff

233 We find that the multiple firing fields of a grid cell operate as independent elements for encoding p

234 rcuitry, we constructed a model of place and grid cells organized in a loop to investigate their mutu

235 al temporal and rate codes characteristic of grid cell output is unknown.

236 weights connecting place-like input cells to grid cell outputs.

237 from 2003 to 2013 for validation) for model grid cells over the Northern Hemisphere deciduous broadl

238 (<1.5 s) spike timing relationships between grid cell pairs are preserved in the dark, indicating th

239 between the environment firing locations of grid cell pairs varies as a function of the distance bet

240 ate that visual input is required to sustain grid cell periodicity and stability in mice and suggest

241 al landmarks caused a profound impairment in grid cell periodicity.

242 Oscillatory interference models of grid cells predict theta amplitude modulations of membra

243 values in neighboring grid cells to develop grid cell predictions when AOD is missing.

244 direction to environmental boundaries, while grid cells provide a complementary self-motion related i

245 Entorhinal grid cells provide a prominent spatial signal to hippoca

246 Entorhinal grid cells provide inputs to the hippocampus, and their

247 unctional cell types of MEC neurons, such as grid cells, recorded in behaving animals.

248 However, all previous grid cell recordings used electrode techniques that prov

249 tion, the firing of head-direction cells and grid cells reflects the interface between self-motion an

250 anism of generating the spatial responses of grid cells remains unclear.

251 Grid cells represent an ideal candidate to investigate t

252 el accounts for differences in how place and grid cells represent different environments and provides

253 to the hippocampus and are considered to be grid cells representing space.

254 f the benthic marine biota, at the 1 degrees grid-cell resolution.

255 Grid cell responses develop gradually after eye opening,

256 At the same time, grid cells retained their spatial alignment and predomin

257 th appropriate preferred directions causes a grid cell's grid-like firing pattern.

258 About 66% grid cells show positive annual WUE trends, mainly over

259 ircuit, including place, head direction, and grid cells, showed 2D activity patterns similar to those

260 al models hypothesize that generation of the grid cell signal relies upon HD information that ascends

261 change signal is generally coarser than the grid cell size of downscaled climate model output.

262 e more dorsal visual field, this resulted in grid cell spatial firing that compressed or expanded bas

263 n the ventral visual field, this resulted in grid cell spatial firing that was not sensitive to barri

264 MEC neurons exhibited altered grid cell spatial periodicity and reduced spatial select

265 onjunctive grid-by-head-direction cells lost grid cell spatial periodicity but retained head-directio

266 Grid cell spatial periodicity was more commonly observed

267 a cycle skipping of head direction cells and grid cell spatial periodicity.

268 en take advantage of the association between grid-cell specific AOD values and PM(2.5) monitoring dat

269 representing the orientation of the head and grid cells that fire at multiple locations, forming a re

270 ex (MEC) contains specialized neurons called grid cells that form part of the spatial navigation syst

271 onment may have a stronger effect on ventral grid cells that have wider spaced firing fields, whereas

272 Grid cells, the most abundant functional cell type in th

273 During replay we found grid cells to be spatially coherent with place cells, en

274 sociations between AOD values in neighboring grid cells to develop grid cell predictions when AOD is

275 Do we expect periodic grid cells to emerge in bats, or perhaps dolphins, explo

276 uit uses the mutual interaction of place and grid cells to encode the surrounding environment and pro

277 ovelty causes the spatial firing patterns of grid cells to expand in scale and reduce in regularity,

278 rmation from HD cells is used with place and grid cells to form a spatial representation (cognitive m

279 models study the downstream projection from grid cells to place cells, while recent data have pointe

280 of symmetric recurrent connectivity between grid cells to provide relative stability and continuous

281 A new study has examined the ability of grid cells to use self-motion cues to form a global map

282 ltaneously recorded spikes from multiple rat grid cells, to explain mechanisms underlying their activ

283 A grid cell typically fires in multiple spatial regions th

284 Grid cells use a hexagonally symmetric code to organize

285 patial scale characterizing the variability (grid cell vs. continent) and to the region of interest (

286 Grid cells were more sharply tuned to time and distance

287 and goal locations encoded by the firing of grid cells when this vector may be much longer than the

288 of path integration in mammals may exist in grid cells, which are found in dorsomedial entorhinal co

289 One class of such cells is the grid cells, which are located within the entorhinal cort

290 ll layers except for layer II, and covert in grid cells, which are the major spatially modulated cell

291 cells represent much larger spaces than the grid cells, which enable them to support navigational be

292 These signals include grid cells, which fire at multiple locations, forming a

293 at local spatial information also influences grid cells, which-if true-would greatly change the way i

294 ir relative phases remain constant, produces grid cells with consistently offset grids, and reduces V

295 the emissions into 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees grid cells with GDP and population as surrogate indexes.

296 ic rat navigational trajectories by learning grid cells with hexagonal grid firing fields of multiple

297 und plane may influence the firing of dorsal grid cells with narrower spacing between firing fields.

298 Among grid cells with similar spatial periods, the population

299 al methods, we show that the 1D responses of grid cells with stable 1D fields are consistent with a l

300 resented in the brain as phases of arrays of grid cells with unique periods and decoded by the invers