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1 eleased Na(+) is large enough to accommodate guanidinium(+).
2 ate distances and restricted dynamics of the guanidinium.
3 the two groups, indicating a mixed guanidine/guanidinium.
4 absent in R160K EAL, which indicates that a guanidinium 14N of R160 interacts directly with the subs
7 ion was reduced by partial substitution with guanidinium, an ion which permeates the cyclic nucleotid
8 hich are generally superior to their uronium/guanidinium analogues and HOBt- or HODhbt-derived phosph
9 iting bacterial RNase P, we synthesized hexa-guanidinium and -lysyl conjugates of neomycin B and comp
10 eries of diaromatic symmetric and asymmetric guanidinium and 2-aminoimidazolinium derivatives, we rep
13 tabilized by the alternating ordering of the guanidinium and methylammonium cations in the interlayer
14 to minute changes in the disposition of the guanidinium and the size dependence of the hydrophobic b
15 <or= 1.52 x 10(4) M(-)(1)) and diol, diacid, guanidinium, and pyridinium species in pD 7.4 phosphate-
16 effects, analysis of substrate (14)N-(15)N (guanidinium)-arginine exchange effects, and comparison w
17 The evolutionary conservation of an arginine guanidinium as a metal ligand suggests a novel role for
19 ivity of diribonucleoside to the presence of guanidinium-based catalysts compared to the more activat
22 catalysts (Co(NH(3))(6)(3+), Co(en)(3)(3+), guanidinium), but K(double dagger)(OH) >> K(NPP) for Mg(
23 Abstraction of a proton from the substrate guanidinium by a catalytic base has long been thought to
25 Moreover, a short distance of 4.6 A from the guanidinium C(zeta) of the second Arg to (31)P indicates
27 sults show that tetrapropylammonium, but not guanidinium, can preferentially accumulate around aromat
28 ium adduct formed by attack of Cys406 on the guanidinium carbon of L-arginine followed by the elimina
31 topography, builds up from a combination of guanidinium-carboxylate hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stack
33 mers with different numbers and locations of guanidinium-carboxylate salt bridges were synthesized.
34 data highlight the operation of a guanidine-guanidinium catalytic dyad that can act both intermolecu
36 yl or alkyl esters) is able to influence the guanidinium-catalyzed hydrolysis changing the mechanism
37 ng activation of this mutant enzyme by added guanidinium cation (Gua(+)): 1 M Gua(+) stabilizes the t
38 sparagusic or, preferably, lipoic acid and a guanidinium cation polymerize into poly(disulfide)s in l
39 ic container molecule has been shown to bind guanidinium cations (blue) between the sulfonate groups
46 well established that low concentrations of guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) inhibit the ATPase activity
47 ons of chemical denaturants such as urea and guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) proteins expand to populate
48 r basis for protein denaturation by urea and guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) should accommodate the obse
50 kinetic thiol-labeling experiments, that the guanidinium chloride (GdmCl)-induced unfolding of RNase
55 mine unfolding intermediates associated with guanidinium chloride (GuHCl)-induced protein denaturatio
56 f gyration, 34-35 A, is unchanged from 0-6 M guanidinium chloride and from 20-90 degrees C at pH 2.5,
57 ybrids by denaturing pairs of enzymes in 1 M guanidinium chloride and renaturing them by removing the
58 he mechanism by which the aqueous cosolvents guanidinium chloride and urea denature proteins is a mat
59 een hydrophobic and ionic species in aqueous guanidinium chloride and urea solutions using molecular
60 turant concentrations varying from 1.5-6.0 M guanidinium chloride are in excellent agreement, with an
62 s identical for the two unfolded proteins at guanidinium chloride concentrations >3 M, and the FRET-d
64 the actual decrease is approximately 3 A on guanidinium chloride denaturant dilution from 7.5 to 1 M
66 The known folding rate of 20 s-1 at 1.5 M guanidinium chloride in 400 microM Zn2+ provides an uppe
67 are linearly dependent on concentrations of guanidinium chloride in the measurable range from 1.7 to
69 ations to investigate the effect of urea and guanidinium chloride on the structure of the intrinsical
71 uctural stability studies with the chaotrope guanidinium chloride revealed that there is moderate des
72 ion, the 1H-15N HSQC spectrum taken at 1.5 M guanidinium chloride reveals that only the Rd-apocyt b56
73 interaction model we show that, in urea and guanidinium chloride solutions, unfolding of an unusuall
75 lowing transfer from a buffer containing 5 m guanidinium chloride to a buffer containing 0.5 m guanid
77 dinium chloride to a buffer containing 0.5 m guanidinium chloride were studied by measuring the time-
79 due to the favorable association of urea or guanidinium chloride with the backbone of all residues a
80 Here, we use effects of denaturants (urea, guanidinium chloride) and temperature on folding and unf
81 reases linearly as [C] (the concentration of guanidinium chloride) increases with the slope, m, that
84 rant are four times larger than those in 6 M guanidinium chloride, indicating a decrease in the avera
85 d in 5% (w/v) perfluoro-octanoic acid or 6 M guanidinium chloride, inserts spontaneously and folds qu
86 spectroscopic techniques to examine whether guanidinium chloride, one of the most commonly used prot
94 ino or guanidino function indicated that the guanidinium compound showed the higher efficacy against
95 enthalpy driving forces for the ammonium and guanidinium containing hosts are postulated to derive pr
96 irst, we formed the LPD nanoparticles with a guanidinium-containing cationic lipid, i.e. N,N-disteary
97 inyl) aminoethyl ammonium chloride (DSAA), a guanidinium-containing cationic lipid, than with a commo
98 The shortest distance of 4.0 A, found for a guanidinium Czeta at the beta-turn, suggests N-H...O-P h
99 id phosphates indicate that both the Arg(10) guanidinium Czeta atom and the Lys(13) Cepsilon atom are
103 g K(+), and (ii) induction of pump-mediated, guanidinium-derivative-carried inward current at negativ
106 amorphous guest-free host and from selected guanidinium-free mixed monolayers by structural characte
108 pic data do not differentiate the protonated guanidinium from the neutral guanidino group but suggest
109 he stacking interaction between the cationic guanidinium functionality of arginine and the indole rin
110 -dimensional hydrogen-bonded host network of guanidinium (G) ions and organosulfonate (S) amphiphiles
111 d complementary hydrogen bonding between the guanidinium (G) ions and the sulfonate (S) groups of TSP
112 ded protein states, the denaturants urea and guanidinium (Gdm(+)) accumulate at the surface of folded
113 te salts of tetrapropylammonium (TPA(+)) and guanidinium (Gdm(+)) on the conformational stabilities o
115 e performed to probe the mechanisms by which guanidinium (Gnd(+)) salts influence the stability of th
116 A cone-calix[4]arene derivative, featuring a guanidinium group and a Cu(II) ion ligated to a 1,4,7-tr
120 from the first-generation GPNAs in that the guanidinium group is installed at the gamma- instead of
122 in can retain substantial disorder while the guanidinium group maintains its salt bridges; thus, the
123 acking, this pocket has been filled with the guanidinium group of an arginine from a neighboring mole
124 i interaction between the positively charged guanidinium group of Arg 600 and the aromatic ring of Ty
125 and the primary specificity pocket, and the guanidinium group of Arg-187 penetrates the protein core
127 C-1 hydroxyl group of galactose, whereas the guanidinium group of Arg36 is situated between both the
130 group of the bound lysine side chain and the guanidinium group of arginine both make multiple hydroge
131 ucleophilic attack on the carbon atom of the guanidinium group of arginine, and His-278, which serves
134 sphate (AMPCPP, an ATP analogue) and HP, the guanidinium group of R82 has no direct interaction with
135 for the enhancing ability of DAFP-1 and the guanidinium group of the arginine residue is important f
137 ectrostatic interaction observed between the guanidinium group of the essential arginine and the carb
138 pothesized that the bound positively charged guanidinium group of the L-arginine substrate further st
139 RF1) bound to histone H3 peptides, where the guanidinium group of unmodified R2 forms an extensive in
140 tramolecular hydrogen atom transfer from the guanidinium group onto the amide group is not observed.
141 3 is not due to the interactions of the R84 guanidinium group or the W89 indole ring with the substr
142 e generation is exquisitely sensitive to the guanidinium group spacing when the phosphate groups are
143 stabilized in the His432Arg structure by the guanidinium group that also restricts the access of nucl
144 nique hydration properties of the side chain guanidinium group which facilitates its movement through
146 monoester forms a salt bridge with the Arg95 guanidinium group, thereby weakening RNase III engagemen
148 rong cationic resonance stabilization of the guanidinium group, with the nonprotonated group also sta
149 g site with appended ammonium groups (1) and guanidinium groups (2), along with thermodynamics analys
151 This mechanism unveils the essential role of guanidinium groups and two universal cell components: fa
152 n binding residues, whose terminal amino and guanidinium groups are thereby organized to form extensi
154 presence of the stacking element next to the guanidinium groups causes a decrease in the number of ho
155 he strength of hydrophobic interactions, and guanidinium groups eliminate measurable hydrophobic inte
156 ditional structural features imparted by the guanidinium groups facilitate fast and reversible H2 add
157 of a competition between the phosphoryl and guanidinium groups for the same lone pair on the bridgin
160 interactions between the positively charged guanidinium groups of Arg534 and Arg536 and a P1 moiety
161 s indicates that binding of the carboxyl and guanidinium groups of the substrate, l-arginine, provide
162 the number and spatial relationships of the guanidinium groups on delivery and organelle/organ local
163 sphate interactions exist in penetratin, and guanidinium groups play a stronger structural role than
164 e were found with MCF-7 cells when up to six guanidinium groups were positioned on the polyproline he
165 the ammonium groups have been converted into guanidinium groups, can carry large (>300 kDa) bioactive
166 contact with the cell exterior interact with guanidinium groups, leading to a transient membrane chan
170 e general formula [Am]Mn(H2POO)3, where Am = guanidinium (GUA), formamidinium (FA), imidazolium, tria
172 e, we have synthesized three self-exfoliated guanidinium halide based ionic covalent organic nanoshee
176 h a Trp59-heme distance close to that of the guanidinium hydrochloride (GdnHCl) denatured state is pr
178 ely indistinguishable from that populated in guanidinium hydrochloride solutions, suggesting that the
180 hat folding of reduced cytochrome c from the guanidinium hydrochloride-induced unfolded ensemble in d
183 Our results support a role for urea and guanidinium in assisting in the solvation of nonpolar su
184 equilibrium transitions upon titration with guanidinium, in addition to the major refolding event.
185 er and H2A-H2B dimer have been determined by guanidinium-induced denaturation, using fluorescence and
186 ease TOF and may engage in an intramolecular guanidinium interaction that assists in H2 activation, w
191 The compounds were inhibitors of [(14)C]guanidinium ion flux in rat forebrain synaptosomes and d
193 nge is triggered by the binding of a ligand (guanidinium ion) to a site that in the wild-type protein
194 269A mutant GPDH-catalyzed reaction by 1.0 M guanidinium ion, and the transition state for the reacti
196 -Fc fusion proteins treated with acid, urea, guanidinium, ionic detergents, acrylamide, and thiol- an
197 nd cooperatively bound to 5 molecules of the guanidinium ionophore, suggesting hydrogen-bond-directed
198 D) hydrogen-bonding network of complementary guanidinium ions (G) and sulfonate moieties (S), the so-
200 s such as ureas, thioureas, squaramides, and guanidinium ions enjoy widespread use as effective catal
201 This phosphate-mediated translocation of guanidinium ions may underlie the activity of other Arg-
202 nism by which chiral arylpyrrole-substituted guanidinium ions promote the Claisen rearrangement of O-
205 ring and indicate a bimodal hydration of the guanidinium ions, with the N-H groups making well-ordere
206 eneral, the strength of the interaction with guanidinium is about twice that of urea, which is about
208 , Alkaline Method, Urea Method, Salt Method, Guanidinium Isothiocyanate (GuSCN) Method, Wizard Method
210 displayed a much larger affinity than other guanidinium-like derivatives from the same series with c
211 (a)s ( approximately 11) are so high, due to guanidinium-like resonance, that they cannot readily be
212 jugated C horizontal lineN double bounds and guanidinium-like structures were found to be resistant t
213 here the synthesis of NHA analogues bearing guanidinium methyl or ethyl substitutions and their inve
215 zed through a Mitsunobu reaction between the guanidinium mimetics and the corresponding central templ
217 of the protein, facilitate placement of the guanidinium moieties near polar groups or bulk water.
218 ubstrates that contained chemically modified guanidinium moieties provides evidence of a role for ind
220 ctions through increased surface area of the guanidinium moiety and greater delocalization of positiv
221 g(70) assumes a multivalent role through its guanidinium moiety interacting with all active site enzy
224 structures of three variants showing how the guanidinium moiety of the Arg side chain is effectively
225 ay structures deviates from the plane of the guanidinium moiety substantially, indicating that the OH
226 e original hapten design, in which a charged guanidinium moiety was strategically used to elicit an a
230 itrogen geometry, different from that of the guanidinium N(omega) nitrogen of l-arginine, allows a hy
231 o kinds of hexagonal molecular tiles, a tris(guanidinium)nitrate cluster and a hexa(4-sulfonatophenyl
234 te complex bound to two catalytic sites, the guanidinium of betaR(337) is within 2.9 A of the alpha-o
237 cal hexagonal phases reported previously for guanidinium organomonosulfonate inclusion compounds, but
239 cond Arg to (31)P indicates the existence of guanidinium phosphate hydrogen bonding and salt bridges.
240 ular import of penetratin, which may involve guanidinium-phosphate complexation between the peptide a
241 ng force for this toroidal pore formation is guanidinium-phosphate complexation, where the cationic A
242 alt bridge interaction was revealed by short guanidinium-phosphate distances and restricted dynamics
243 These solid-state NMR data indicate that guanidinium-phosphate interactions exist in penetratin,
244 nd aliphatic side chains above and below the guanidinium plane while hydrogen bonding with polar side
248 lculations were carried out to determine the guanidinium promoted activation energy of pseudorotation
251 thesized the first members of a new class of guanidinium-rich amphipathic oligocarbonates that noncov
252 troduces a new and highly effective class of guanidinium-rich cell-penetrating transporters and metho
253 a fluorophore-labeled octaarginine (a model guanidinium-rich CPP) and compared with the correspondin
255 describe a general molecular method based on guanidinium-rich molecular transporters (GR-MoTrs) for b
258 uperior in cell uptake to previously studied guanidinium-rich oligocarbonates and oligoarginines, sho
259 ter cells, outperforming previously reported guanidinium-rich oligocarbonates and peptide transporter
260 ive cell-penetrating molecular transporters, guanidinium-rich oligophosphoesters, are described.
262 ulfide-exchange polymerization, we show that guanidinium-rich siCPDs grow on fluorescent substrates w
263 relaxation primarily reflects persistence of guanidinium salt bridges and correlates well with simula
265 hoice of the anion of an achiral TBD-derived guanidinium salt, used as cocatalyst for proline, allows
267 helps explain the circumstances under which guanidinium salts can act as powerful and versatile prot
270 determine how solutes such as urea, sugars, guanidinium salts, and trimethylamine N-oxide affect the
272 ericidal activity appears not to require the guanidinium side chain of Arg at those two positions.
275 rate that (1) synergy between catecholic and guanidinium side chains similarly promotes adhesion, (2)
278 rby arginine residue (R48) participates in a guanidinium stacking interaction with R28 from the other
279 lly loops 4 and 5), thereby allowing diverse guanidinium substrates to be accommodated for catalysis.
280 als based on hydrogen-bonded two-dimensional guanidinium-sulfonate (GS) networks is demonstrated by u
281 teract with the zwitterionic, trisubstituted guanidinium sweeteners as well as TES, specific differen
282 ism by which the common electrolyte additive guanidinium thiocyanate (GdmSCN) improves efficiency in
283 letely removed by 3min injections of biotin, guanidinium thiocyanate, pepsin, and SDS, which makes it
284 xtraction with an acidic solution containing guanidinium thiocyanate, sodium acetate, phenol and chlo
285 cotinamide, imidazolium, benzimidazolium and guanidinium threading components, and macrocyclic isopht
288 chirality and functional groups adjacent to guanidiniums to modulate specificity and affinity in rec
291 y relationship (SAR) study involving the bis-guanidinium toxin saxitoxin (STX), modified saxitoxins,
292 critical role in high-affinity block by the guanidinium toxin tetrodotoxin, primarily due to an elec
293 a ligated metal ion (Cu(II), Zn(II)) with a guanidinium unit connected by a 1,2-vicinal calix[4]aren
295 the side arm over the three nitrogens in the guanidinium unit results in electrochemical behavior sim
296 H3)(2+), decorated at the upper rim with two guanidinium units and a phenolic hydroxyl in an ABAH fun
297 ormation and functionalized with two to four guanidinium units at the upper rim were synthesized and
299 ents, finding that the nature of the cation (guanidinium vs 2-aminoimidazolinium) significantly influ
300 hydrogen-bond-directed interactions of each guanidinium with a few of 10 negatively charged sulfo or
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