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1 converted to inosines, biological mimics for guanosine.
2 ontrolled presence or absence of a single 5' guanosine.
3 ), which catalyzes N7 methylation of the cap guanosine.
4 hydrogen bonding and cation-coordination of guanosines.
6 l class of peptidic hormones that signal via guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) and systemic
8 signaling mediated by the nitric oxide (NO)/guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)/protein kina
9 em has been designed to achieve detection of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) in buf
10 5 inhibitors prevent the breakdown of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) and therefore may b
11 Compounds that inhibit STa-induced cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) production were sel
12 (GCs), which synthesize the messenger cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate, control several sensory f
13 Levels of the stringent response alarmone guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate (ppGpp) rise aft
14 mitting templated DNA synthesis from the cap guanosine 3'-OH primer by E. coli DNA polymerase II (B f
15 he cellular concentration of stress alarmone guanosine-3', 5'-bis pyrophosphate (ppGpp) is increased.
17 to amino acid starvation is orchestrated by guanosine-3',5'-bisdiphosphate and the transcription fac
18 ogical tasks, i.e. the degradation of cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate at specifically tuned rate
19 Pharmacological studies using radiolabeled guanosine 5'-3-O-([(35)S]thio)triphosphate and [(3)H]ket
21 ed agonist Emax) in signaling events such as guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate binding and beta-arr
23 ing cell-free aGPCR/heterotrimeric G protein guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate binding reconstituti
25 s in sarcolemmal membranes for the effect of guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate (GMP-PNP) on
26 is toxin and to intracellular application of guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate trilithium salt and
27 ell as its functional antagonist properties (guanosine 5'-[gamma-(35)S-thio]triphosphate [GTPgamma(35
29 '-[beta-thio]diphosphate trilithium salt and guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate tetralithium salt.
30 ular docking resulted into identification of guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) as a promising hepcidin-b
31 plexes between K-Ras or the G12X mutants and guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) or GDPnP (a stable GTP an
32 , we observed that in solution, farnesylated guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP)-bound K-Ras4B is predomin
33 review, we discuss newly elucidated roles of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) in trans
34 onsequently, drugs targeting the inactive or guanosine 5'-diphosphate-bound conformation are not expe
40 ometry, we observed that, in the presence of guanosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate), purified MxA disassem
41 d by angiotensin II, phenylephrine, GTP, and guanosine 5'-O-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTPgammaS).
42 PDE with known concentrations of the active (guanosine 5'-Omicron-(gamma-thio)triphosphate (GTPgammaS
43 benzylidene)-hydrazide (Dynasore), a dynamin guanosine 5'-triphosphatase inhibitor, protected stromal
44 d by the isolation of 3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydro-guanosine 5'-triphosphate (3',8-cH2GTP) as the product o
45 y redistribution and pinpoint why the TS for guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) hydrolysis is higher in
46 is constructed by a complex rearrangement of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) into cyclic pyranopterin
47 e (SAM) enzyme involved in the conversion of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) into cyclic pyranopterin
48 s), proteins that catalyze the hydrolysis of guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) to promote conformationa
49 nal snapshots of free sGC, NO-bound sGC, and guanosine-5'-[(alpha,beta)-methylene]triphosphate-bound
50 otofilaments, and FtsZ polymers assembled in guanosine-5'-[(alpha,beta)-methyleno]triphosphate are co
51 ), Sec23-Sec24, and blocked upon addition of guanosine-5'-[(beta,gamma)-imido]triphosphate, a poorly
52 M saturation binding, including studies with guanosine-5'-[(beta,gamma)-imido]triphosphate, suggests
53 hway is redundant and contains two routes to guanosine-5'-monophosphate (GMP) formation: conversion f
54 inone (H2Q), N-acetyl-tyrosine (N-Ac-Tyr) or guanosine-5'-monophosphate (GMP) was investigated at var
56 oring of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) in MCF-7 breast cancer c
57 me that catalyzes a complex rearrangement of guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) in the first step of mol
58 orrelation (P-value=0.017) between 8-hydroxy guanosine (8-OHG) and MUC4 in primary pancreatic tumors
62 ctivated to synthesize a hyperphosphorylated guanosine analogue, (p)ppGpp, which acts as a pleiotropi
66 Recently we reported that YTHDC1 prefers guanosine and disfavors adenosine at the position preced
67 y require derivatization to induce gelation, guanosine and its corresponding nucleotides are well kno
70 ss (nitrotyrosine, urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-guanosine) and inflammation (IL-1beta mRNA, F4/80 immuno
71 phate, inosine monophosphate, adenosine, and guanosine) and kokumi (gamma-l-glutamyl-l-valine) taste-
72 ulation of inosine, 2'-deoxy-inosine (dIno), guanosine, and 2'-deoxy-guanosine (dGuo) in all cells, e
74 n, with a strong preference for cytidine and guanosine, and identified hotspots of ribonucleotide inc
76 IV-1) proviral DNA contains three sequential guanosines at the U3-R boundary that have been proposed
77 ndicate that the PRNTase domain has a unique guanosine-binding mode different from that of eukaryotic
78 the M(+) cation helps stabilize the anionic guanosine-borate (GB) diesters, as well as the G4-quarte
81 ulating levels of bis-(3',5')-cyclic-dimeric-guanosine (c-di-GMP), a second messenger that stimulates
82 luding small RNA, RNA, degradome or 7-methyl guanosine cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE), chroma
83 Eukaryotic mRNAs possess a methylated 5'-guanosine cap that is required for RNA stability, effici
85 hat viral RNAs containing a single 5' capped guanosine ((Cap)1G) are specifically selected for packag
86 nscripts that begin with two or three capped guanosines ((Cap)2G or (Cap)3G) are enriched on polysome
87 with the adenosine adjacent to the cytidine-guanosine (CG) dinucleotide motif led to a significant l
89 eoxy-inosine (dIno), guanosine, and 2'-deoxy-guanosine (dGuo) in all cells, especially lymphocytes.
90 d, to a lesser degree, unmethylated cytosine-guanosine dinucleotides (CpGs), yet does not distinguish
91 ing pathway between the alpha5 helix and the guanosine diphosphate (GDP) binding pocket remains elusi
95 es with the enzyme fucosyltransferase-VI and guanosine diphosphate fucose to enhance the interaction
96 blasts displayed reductions in PMM activity, guanosine diphosphate mannose, lipid-linked oligosacchar
98 e sequestered by long-range base pairing and guanosines essential for both packaging and high-affinit
99 e Rab5 promotes recruitment of the Ccz1-Mon1 guanosine exchange complex to endosomes to activate Rab7
104 ated by Dim1 near the decoding site, and one guanosine (G1575) is N(7)-methylated by Bud23-Trm112 at
105 e of a pre-catalytic state of this RNA shows guanosine G40 and adenosine A32 close to the G53-U54 cle
108 rred backbone cleavage next to adenosine and guanosine in CAD of (M+nH)(n+) and (M-nH)(n-) ions, resp
110 Collectively, our study identifies unpaired guanosines in Y-form DNA as a highly active, minimal cGA
113 were predicted for riboflavin (vitamin B2), guanosine, leucine, methionine, and cysteine, among othe
114 improved malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-deoxy guanosine levels, and also deteriorated renal function.
115 NK1/2 and their role in controlling 7-methyl-guanosine (m(7)G) "cap"-independent translation at enter
116 c mRNAs generally possess a 5' end N7 methyl guanosine (m(7)G) cap that promotes their translation an
118 'ppp is capped by the addition of a 7-methyl guanosine (m7G) (Cap-0) and a 2'-O-methyl (2'-OMe) group
119 second messenger bis-(3'-5')-cyclic-dimeric-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) acts as an innate imm
120 ane protein whose bis-(3',5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) binding activity post
121 a higher level of bis(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) in cells respiring on
123 e bacterial second messenger cyclic di-3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a key regulator of
125 3B (PDE3B), and a membrane-permeable cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) analog on KATP channel ac
126 ) and significantly smaller levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and peroxisome proliferat
128 ic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are now recognized as imp
132 Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) hydrolyzes cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) leading to increased leve
134 itric oxide pathway effector molecule cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), has been implicated in t
135 ownstream target of sildenafil in the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-activated protein kinase
137 is the foraging gene, which encodes a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase
138 signalling paradigm, we show that the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase,
139 reas the response to ascr#3 relies on cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-gated channels and activi
144 nce or absence of 7-nitroindazole and cyclic guanosine monophosphate accumulation was determined.
145 of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate and is highly expressed in mediu
146 inorganic nitrate-nitrite, myocardial cyclic guanosine monophosphate content by neprilysin or phospho
147 ic oxide synthase 1 blockade inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate production; 3) pharmacological b
148 We further demonstrate that the gene for guanosine monophosphate reductase (GMPR) is a direct MIT
149 ssenger c-di-GMP (Bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate), to make a vital choice: whethe
150 , Na2 [(HGMP)2 Mo5 O15 ]7 H2 O (1; where GMP=guanosine monophosphate), which spontaneously assembles
152 e show that M. tuberculosis activated cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP)
154 or of interferon genes (STING), 2'3'- cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP),
156 V infection and mice lacking STING or cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase
158 a pathway dependent on the DNA sensor cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase
160 bacterial second messenger (3'-5')-cyclic-di-guanosine-monophosphate (CDG) is a promising mucosal adj
162 t inhibition by IFIT1 is dependent upon a 5' guanosine nucleoside cap (which need not be N7 methylate
165 mationally locked sugar modified uridine and guanosine nucleosides was achieved via Vorbruggen or Mit
167 RL13b) is a small GTPase that functions as a guanosine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for ARL3-GDP.
169 ugh the commonly used U6 promoter requires a guanosine nucleotide to initiate transcription, thus con
170 des containing the 2'-O-(o-nitrobenzyl)-3'-S-guanosine nucleotide were then constructed, characterize
172 ing interactions suggest that the additional guanosines of the 2G and 3G RNAs remodel the base of the
173 receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist cytidine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG) to determine effect
174 synthetic TLR9 agonists, cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN), to investigat
177 at is dependent on the UvrD helicase and the guanosine pentaphosphate (ppGpp) alarmone/stringent resp
178 plasts, guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine pentaphosphate (pppGpp) [collectively named "(
180 izing c-di-GMP to 5'-phosphoguanylyl-(3',5')-guanosine (pGpG), which is then hydrolyzed to two GMP mo
182 re associated with the hypomodification of a guanosine residue at position 37 (G37) of mitochondrial
183 trictly pyrimidine specific, as interspersed Guanosine residues are well tolerated within PTBP1 bindi
185 ine mutation of Asp63, which coordinates the guanosine ribose hydroxyls, impairs DNAppG de-capping.
189 ely spaced runs of three or more consecutive guanosines strongly tend to fold into stable G-quadruple
191 rong support for a model proposing (p)ppGpp (guanosine tetra and penta-phosphate) as the master regul
195 t has been linked to this persister state is guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), the alarmone that was
196 decreased synthesis of the second messenger guanosine tetraphosphate and limited induction of string
200 leotides that appear to mediate catalysis: a guanosine that we propose deprotonates the 2'-hydroxyl o
204 repair, at the mRNA level, a disease-causing guanosine to adenosine (G > A) mutation in the mouse MeC
205 ent, that a tRNA anticodon modification from guanosine to queuosine has coevolved with these genomic
206 ters containing a family of paralogs of tRNA guanosine transglycosylase genes, called tgtA5, alongsid
207 eins are constitutively active because their guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity is disabled.
211 ein synthesis, elongation factor G (EF-G), a guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase), binds to the ribosoma
212 osphorylation, we identified the RAB35 small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)-a protein previously i
214 and dispersed at the lagging pole where the guanosine triphosphatase activating protein MglB disrupt
218 is issue, Rafiq et al. reveal that the small guanosine triphosphatase ARF1, a well-known orchestrator
220 e cortical PAR proteins (including the small guanosine triphosphatase CDC-42) have an active role in
221 ino acid positions (p.G488R, p.A495V) in the guanosine triphosphatase domain, each segregating with a
222 sion cycle 42 (Cdc42) is a member of the Rho guanosine triphosphatase family and has pivotal function
224 le protein 42 (Cdc42Hs) is a small, Rho-type guanosine triphosphatase involved in multiple cellular p
226 Proteolytic cleavage of the dynamin-like guanosine triphosphatase OPA1 in mitochondria is emergin
229 ly was mediated by chromosomes and the small guanosine triphosphatase Ran in a process requiring ~16
230 show that mouse embryos that lack the small guanosine triphosphatase RSG1 die at embryonic day 12.5,
231 -membrane receptor for DRP1, the cytoplasmic guanosine triphosphatase that catalyzes mitochondrial fi
233 downstream signaling to engage small GTPase (guanosine triphosphatase) activation and AMPAR synaptic
234 ves localization of the conserved Rho-family guanosine triphosphatase, Cdc42, to the cortical region
235 ere, we show that dynamin1 (Dyn1), the large guanosine triphosphatase, is an interacting partner of I
238 ng the genes small ARF GAP1 (SMAP1), an ARF6 guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein that functio
241 te plasma membrane-associated ROPs [Rho-like guanosine triphosphatases (GTPase) from plants], leading
242 idues in switch region I of immunity-related guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) (IRGs), a family of
243 membrane protein that interacts with the Rag guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) and Ragulator in an
244 (mTORC1) is recruited to the lysosome by Rag guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) and regulates anabol
245 phatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4Ks) and small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) are essential for pr
248 creasing the activity of the recycling small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) Rab4 or Rab11 was su
249 al cells, signaling pathways involving small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) regulate cell polari
252 e an interferon (IFN)-inducible subfamily of guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) with well-establishe
253 involving the Ragulator complex and the Rag guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), causing release of
254 e group of proteins, the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), is critical for thi
256 ner thought to be dependent on the Rag small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), the Ragulator compl
257 These processes all involve Rho family small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), which are regulated
259 importance and activates mTORC1 via the Rag guanosine triphosphatases and their regulators GATOR1 an
262 d into motility signaling proteins (kinases, guanosine triphosphatases, and guanine exchange factors)
265 Dynamin superfamily molecular motors use guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as a source of energy for m
267 tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands increase RhoA-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) in untransformed and transf
268 from Cdc42 and elevates intracellular Cdc42-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) levels in cells with inacti
271 s), such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP), are signaling and bioenerg
272 d the availability of ATP, which regenerates guanosine triphosphate (GTP), powers ribosomes, and prom
273 he authors demonstrate that TBSV co-opts the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound active form of the en
275 n is initiated by the interaction of active, guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound Ras-related protein 1
277 s sustained by karyopherins (Kaps) and a Ran guanosine triphosphate (RanGTP) gradient that imports nu
278 hen Anillin is knocked down, active Rho (Rho-guanosine triphosphate [GTP]), F-actin, and myosin II ar
279 ll polarity in the context of elevated Cdc42-guanosine triphosphate activity, similar to nonmalignant
280 -binding family of proteins that bind to the guanosine triphosphate cap at growing microtubule plus e
281 otein synthesis via assembly of the 7-methyl-guanosine triphosphate cap-dependent translation complex
283 nflammatory cell-dependent increase of iNOS, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I, tetrahydrobiopt
284 rahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthetic enzymes (guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase-1 and dihydrofolat
286 we show that FtsY-SecY complex formation is guanosine triphosphate independent but requires a phosph
287 BB, which are associated with CDC42, a small guanosine triphosphate protein linked to T-cell activati
291 served large GTPases (enzymes that hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate) involved in endocytosis and vesi
292 gnaling by converting active Ras is bound to guanosine triphosphate, activating Ras into inactive Ras
293 oteins normally using adenosine triphosphate/guanosine triphosphate, probably explains the disease.
295 ed spatially and MglA only binds MreB in the guanosine triphosphate-bound form, the motility complexe
296 ite inhibited eukaryotic initiation factor 2-guanosine triphosphate-initiator methionyl transfer RNA
297 cells have suggested a critical role of Rap1-guanosine triphosphate-interacting adaptor molecule (RIA
299 cofactor for deoxyribozymes, various labeled guanosines were site-specifically attached to 2'-OH grou
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