ライフサイエンスコーパス: gymnosperm

1 b and c from an asterid to Gnetum (Gnetales, gymnosperms).

2 d in the nucleus of four angiosperms and one gymnosperm.

3 range of dominant Early Cretaceous ferns and gymnosperms.

4 gene in the megasporangium and integument in gymnosperms.

5 ily (SSU II) present in both angiosperms and gymnosperms.

6 ase genes have been described previously for gymnosperms.

7 g to extant angiosperms diverged from extant gymnosperms.

8 ch RNA binding proteins from angiosperms and gymnosperms.

9 ier, in a common ancestor of angiosperms and gymnosperms.

10 ablished in the less evolutionarily advanced gymnosperms.

11 little is known about lignin pathway OMTs in gymnosperms.

12 ect, unitegmic ovules that resemble those of gymnosperms.

13 mologs of species as evolutionary distant as gymnosperms.

14 kgoalean, cycad, conifer, and bennettitalean gymnosperms.

15 omatal optimization in woody angiosperms and gymnosperms.

16 and cuticle thickness observed among extant gymnosperms.

17 been conducted on angiosperms, but seldom on gymnosperms.

18 most land plant lineages, but it is rare in gymnosperms.

19 lineages before the split of angiosperms and gymnosperms.

20 t their biosynthesis and ecological roles in gymnosperms.

21 variation in many angiosperms compared with gymnosperms.

22 nd role of CCoAOMT in lignin biosynthesis in gymnosperms, a 1.3 kb CCoAOMT cDNA was isolated from lob

23 ant species, including many angiosperms, two gymnosperms, a moss (Physcomitrella patens), and a unice

24 ibition of the potential NAG activity in the gymnosperm-acclimatized soils.

25 d condensed tannins (CTs, produced mostly by gymnosperms) against the potential activity of beta-gluc

26 reductase plays a key role in the ability of gymnosperms, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria to green

27 lowering plants evolved from an unidentified gymnosperm ancestor.

28 eranyl fatty acid esters, known from various gymnosperm and angiosperm plant species, accumulated in

29 provide material for comparative analysis of gymnosperm and angiosperm sequences, ESTs were obtained

30 s tested, expression of 11 was detected in a gymnosperm and eight in a fern, directly demonstrating t

31 Despite these morphological differences, gymnosperms and angiosperms possess a similar genetic to

32 egaphyllous leaves in euphyllophytes (ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms).

33 atmospheric deposition, accumulation in both gymnosperms and angiosperms, mechanisms of transfer, and

34 e development of reproductive organs in both gymnosperms and angiosperms.

35 ion and cell expansion are conserved between gymnosperms and angiosperms.

36 Additionally, gymnosperms and ferns share a CMT homolog closely relate

37 kely extends to all angiosperms and possibly gymnosperms and ferns.

38 d led to replacement and often extinction of gymnosperms and ferns.

39 c structure and evolution of angiosperms and gymnosperms and find that angiosperm genomes are more dy

40 450 families that predated the separation of gymnosperms and flowering plants.

41 exibility in leaf gas exchange unrivalled by gymnosperms and pteridophytes.

42 SEP genes have not been detected in gymnosperms and seem to have originated since the lineag

43 ansion of RPW8-encoding genes, especially in gymnosperms and species of the Rosaceae.

44 erpreting the reproductive modes of Mesozoic gymnosperms and the significance of insect pollination i

45 iomass density, phylogeny (i.e., angiosperm, gymnosperm), and the interaction of mean annual temperat

46 he trait differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms), and the second dimension was related to ch

47 found in non-grass species (monocot, dicot, gymnosperm, and moss species) including Arabidopsis thal

48 ng bryophytes and lycophytes, whereas ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms share a single, 30-kb inver

49 that has evolved in parallel with the ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

50 This thiol switch is unique to mosses, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

51 of the mono- and dicotyledonous angiosperms, gymnosperms, and bryophytes, were produced in insect cel

52 ies representing 52 families of angiosperms, gymnosperms, and ferns.

53 n the diversification of angiosperms, ferns, gymnosperms, and mosses as well as various groups of ani

54 re identified in dicotyledonous angiosperms, gymnosperms, and other plants such as algae, moss, and f

55 owth normalizations for both angiosperms and gymnosperms, and the quantitative form of several functi

56 hases, also in the TPS-e/f clade, before the gymnosperm-angiosperm split.

57 basal lineages of vascular plants, including gymnosperms, appeared to respond passively to changes in

58 pproaches to investigate cone development in gymnosperms are limited, our state-of-the-art biophysica

59 alkane values and the epsilonwax-p values in gymnosperms are similar to those of dicotyledonous speci

60 void long branches consistently identify all gymnosperms as a monophyletic sister group to angiosperm

61 id and why this lineage overcame an apparent gymnosperm barrier to whole-genome duplication (WGD).

62 sis revealed MIR828 homologues in dicots and gymnosperms, but only in one basal monocot, whereas TAS4

63 s specialized pollinators of various extinct gymnosperms, but pollen has never been observed on or in

64 The large-scale replacement of gymnosperms by angiosperms in many ecological niches ove

65 perms conferred a competitive advantage over gymnosperms by increasing the dynamic range (plasticity)

66 s led to estimates of enhanced scorch of the gymnosperm canopy and a greater chance of transitioning

67 In gymnosperm cell walls, any role for xylan is unclear, an

68 in eudicots, early-branching angiosperm, and gymnosperm cell walls.

69 tion patterns in Australia's most successful gymnosperm clade, Callitris, the world's most drought-re

70 ransitions among major plant lineages (i.e., gymnosperms, commelinids, and eudicots) shape resource u

71 ith a homogeneous pit membrane and a typical gymnosperm conduit with a torus-margo pit membrane struc

72 Female gymnosperm cones and angiosperm carpels share conserved

73 olling development in angiosperm flowers and gymnosperm cones may help to elucidate the mysterious or

74 However, male gymnosperm cones share genetic features with both perian

75 Within modern gymnosperms, conifers and Ginkgo are exclusively wind po

76 nd the genomes of some model angiosperms and gymnosperms contain 40-152 TPS genes, not all of them fu

77 pull stems upward, while compression wood of gymnosperms creates compressive force to push stems upwa

78 tic bacteria, cyanobacteria, green algae and gymnosperms, dark-operative protochlorophyllide oxidored

79 The process of embryogenesis in gymnosperms differs in significant ways from the more wi

80 Previously described gymnosperm diTPSs of DRA biosynthesis are bifunctional e

81 xtinction and speciation have shaped today's gymnosperm diversity, contradicting the widespread assum

82 gh the two sesquiterpene synthases from this gymnosperm do not very closely resemble terpene synthase

83 bably occurred during the Late Jurassic on a gymnosperm-dominated flora.

84 o assess similarities between angiosperm and gymnosperm embryo development, we examined our EST colle

85 This result demonstrates that preconifer gymnosperms evolved the biosynthetic mechanisms to produ

86 Angiosperms and gymnosperms experienced roughly equal mortality risks.

87 from representatives of other angiosperm and gymnosperm families.

88 ning major groups-cycads separate from other gymnosperms first, followed by Ginkgo and then (Gnetales

89 hypothesis for developmental regulation in a gymnosperm "floral progenitor." Accordingly, in contrast

90 ve increased fire frequency and mortality in gymnosperm forest, aiding their own expansion.

91 Gymnosperm forests tended to allocate more nutrients to

92 In contrast to angiosperms, pines and other gymnosperms form well-developed suspensors in somatic em

93 ation of this new palaeo-LMA proxy to fossil gymnosperms from East Greenland reveals significant shif

94 no evidence for polyploidy in pine, although gymnosperms generally have much larger genomes than the

95 of the publication of the first conifer and gymnosperm genomes.

96 regulatory mechanisms operate in the ancient gymnosperm Ginkgo biloba, we measured Lhcb mRNA levels i

97 lycophyte Selaginella kraussiana and in two gymnosperms, Ginkgo and Pseudotsuga.

98 ntly, however, assembled genome sequences of gymnosperms have been missing from this picture.

99 Angiosperms and gymnosperms have evolved strikingly different types of r

100 contradicting the widespread assumption that gymnosperms have remained largely unchanged for tens of

101 sic walls and callose plugs (in contrast, no gymnosperms have these features).

102 of the mutant resemble those of some fossil gymnosperms, implicating BEL1 and HD-ZIPIII genes as pla

103 ardwoods in Mediterranean forests and taller gymnosperms in boreal forests) and latitudinal gradients

104 a hallmark of angiosperms because ferns and gymnosperms in general lack lignin of this type.

105 versification into most families occurred on gymnosperms in the Jurassic, beginning approximately 166

106 However, most evidence supports gymnosperm-insect pollinator associations, buttressed by

107 these factors, mean Delta(leaf) of evergreen gymnosperms is lower (by 1-2.7 per thousand) than for ot

108 Phloem loading in gymnosperms is not well understood, due to a profoundly

109 e, sesquiterpene, and diterpene synthases of gymnosperms is surprising since functional diversificati

110 e evolution from the 'naked-seed' plants, or gymnosperms, is a reduced female gametophyte, comprising

111 A detailed phylogenetic analysis showed that gymnosperms lack both F5H and orthologs of NST1/SND1.

112 tudinal gradients (e.g. larger proportion of gymnosperm-like strategies at low water availability in

113 ion of the region in the three genera of the gymnosperm lineage Gnetales (Gnetum, Welwitschia, and Ep

114 an from the secondary cell walls of the four gymnosperm lineages (Conifer, Gingko, Cycad, and Gnetoph

115 ent global domination [1], replacing earlier gymnosperm lineages [2].

116 , but before the split of the angiosperm and gymnosperm lineages more than 300 million years ago.

117 especially in the more ancient, nonflowering gymnosperm lineages.

118 ere estimated in the long-lived, outcrossing gymnosperm loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) from a survey

119 to suggest that the rarity of polyploidy in gymnosperms may be due to slow diploidization in this cl

120 of methylation of lignins in angiosperms and gymnosperms, mediated by substrate-specific OMTs, repres

121 major lineages of plants, including mosses, gymnosperms, monocots and eudicots.

122 at MBO synthase falls into the TPS-d1 group (gymnosperm monoterpene synthases) and is most closely re

123 ancestor common to angiosperms and advanced gymnosperms more than 220 million years ago.

124 rithms may be a powerful tool for predicting gymnosperm mortality induced by chronic stress, but not

125 omes and ESTs revealed AAH-like sequences in gymnosperms, mosses, and algae.

126 (false blister beetles), that had an earlier gymnosperm (most likely cycad) host association, later t

127 is Exesipollenites, attributed to a Mesozoic gymnosperm, most likely the Bennettitales.

128 or the evolution of MIR828 from an ancestral gymnosperm MYB gene and subsequent formation of TAS4 by

129 and 414 species of angiosperms (n = 376) and gymnosperms (n = 38).

130 nary conserved in seed plants, including the gymnosperm Norway spruce (Picea abies) and the angiosper

131 ication, cloning and characterization of the gymnosperm Norway spruce (Picea abies, Pa) ESP.

132 most major lineages of coccoids shifted from gymnosperms onto angiosperms when the latter became dive

133 each defined by its host-plant associations (gymnosperm or angiosperm) and evolutionary pattern (exti

134 on forest biomes or between angiosperms and gymnosperms or evergreen and deciduous tree species.

135 le of apoplastic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in gymnosperm phenolic metabolism, an extracellular lignin-

136 This hypothesis was corroborated in two gymnosperms (Picea engelmannii and Pinus contorta) that

137 To address this, we isolated KCBP from a gymnosperm, Picea abies, and a green alga, Stichococcus

138 We have used the gymnosperm, Picea abies, somatic embryogenesis model sys

139 However, mCG-enriched genes in the gymnosperm Pinus taeda shared some similarities with gbM

140 ylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase from the gymnosperm, Pinus taeda, was cloned, with the recombinan

141 s and B-genes is also conserved in two other gymnosperms, Pinus and Picea.

142 In gymnosperms pollen reception must be near the egg largel

143 d transportation of pollen grains and likely gymnosperm pollination by 110-105 million years ago, pos

144 t other long-proboscid Mesozoic insects were gymnosperm pollinators.

145 ce-related functional traits of a widespread gymnosperm (ponderosa pine - Pinus ponderosa) and angios

146 ue among flowering plants, but common to all gymnosperms: pre-fertilization allocation of nutrients t

147 osperms, are related instead to other extant gymnosperms, probably most closely to conifers.

148 ification between angiosperm trees and their gymnosperm progenitors.

149 mains, resembling the hypothesized ancestral gymnosperm program, are deployed across morphologically

150 ago and has been maintained in angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes, and some bryophytes as a str

151 ient clades appear to predate the angiosperm-gymnosperm radiation.

152 Living gymnosperms represent the survivors of ancient seed plan

153 s floral organs traces to those operating in gymnosperm reproductive cones.

154 flower development, might also contribute to gymnosperm reproductive development.

155 e, suggesting its possible habit of visiting gymnosperm reproductive organs for pollen feeding and/or

156 ls are reported to reach a maximum of 30% in gymnosperm severe compression wood zones but are limited

157 ong and long-lasting declines were found for gymnosperms, shade- and drought-tolerant species, and tr

158 e inhibition in the angiosperm soils than in gymnosperm soils.

159 nt mortality for 262 woody angiosperm and 48 gymnosperm species.

160 in branch xylem across 335 angiosperm and 89 gymnosperm species.

161 This P450 belongs to the apparently gymnosperm-specific CYP750 family and is, to our knowled

162 ne synthase, all of which are members of the gymnosperm-specific TPS-d subfamily.

163 DRA biosynthesis form a new clade within the gymnosperm-specific TPS-d3 subfamily that evolved from b

164 An initial angiosperm-gymnosperm split implies a long stem lineage preceding t

165 coded by these genes predates the angiosperm-gymnosperm split.

166 e angiosperms and Ephedra but not from lower gymnosperms, suggesting that this epitope arose in an an

167 placement and phase, and exon size) of these gymnosperm terpene synthases was compared to eight previ

168 of the pine family (Pinaceae) are a group of gymnosperms that dominate large parts of the world's for

169 c discrimination () in woody angiosperms and gymnosperms that grew across a range of ca spanning at l

170 ies richness, and we hypothesize that, as in gymnosperms, the low extant bryophyte species richness a

171 ns from representative monocots, dicots, and gymnosperms, the pl 4.6 isozyme cross-linked highly sele

172 As transfusion tissue is present in all gymnosperms, the reversible collapse of transfusion trac

173 understood by a morphological comparison to gymnosperms, their closest relatives, which develop sepa

174 llinator associations in the transition from gymnosperm to angiosperm dominance.

175 showed an obvious gradient progressing from gymnosperms to dicots to monocots.

176 White spruce (Picea glauca), a gymnosperm tree, has been established as one of the mode

177 arnaseH102E in representative angiosperm and gymnosperm trees indicates that this gene can be used to

178 undersides of branches and leaning stems in gymnosperm trees.

179 In some gymnosperms, two codons of chlB mRNA are changed by RNA

180 Gymnosperms typically have reduced frequencies of a numb

181 dant hemicellulose in the secondary walls of gymnosperms, understanding its biosynthesis may facilita

182 bservation that the Pschi4 gene from pine (a gymnosperm) was appropriately regulated by chitosan in t

183 Among gymnosperms, we found equivocal evidence for ancient pol

184 urther our understanding of embryogenesis in gymnosperms, we have generated Expressed Sequence Tags (

185 data of 447 species of woody angiosperms and gymnosperms were used for a phylogenetic analysis of end

186 emerged before separation of angiosperms and gymnosperms whereas the last emerged before the monocot-

187 s was the divergence between angiosperms and gymnosperms, whereas the widest divergence was between C

188 graminaceous C(4), and formed a clade with a gymnosperm, which is consistent with H. verticillata PEP

189 and belongs to bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms, which eventually yielded to the ecological

190 sm between an Australian Macrozamia cycad (a gymnosperm with male and female individuals) and its spe

191 CO2 declined through the Cretaceous, whereas gymnosperms with a low gmax would experience severe phot

192 time after the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms, with F5H possibly originating as a componen

193 se substitution patterns are compatible with gymnosperm xylan binding to hydrophilic surfaces of cell