ライフサイエンスコーパス: hard

1 icity ranged from 71% (rio) to 100% (rioysh, hard).

2 welfare in such situations is known to be NP-hard.

3 ly the case when the coordination problem is hard.

4 morphous carbons, into graphite is extremely hard.

5 ordingly, bread crumb was yellow, moderately hard (16.4-27.1N) and chewy (88.2-109.2Nxmm), with low s

6 rent-driven Pt layer and polarized along the hard AFM anisotropy axis excites a non-uniform in time p

7 ght on the level of mental effort, i.e., how hard an individual was working to accomplish a task.

8 roup protein I-C fusion partner-like 2) with hard and all coronary heart disease.

9 es, but maximum likelihood approaches are NP-hard and Bayesian MCMC methods do not scale well to even

10 that are consistent with the consumption of hard and brittle foods.

11 nt engineering approaches require the use of hard and bulky external switches or valves, incompatible

12 at a concentration 3mg.L(-1) made ice cream hard and crystalline with improved shape preservation du

13 lcific tendinopathy is procedure duration in hard and fluid calcifications.

14 The ability of complexes of hard and labile metal ions with one or more open coordin

15 Models C and D had solitary, deep, 2 cm hard and moderately firm masses, respectively.

16 stability and an economic synthesis based on hard and soft acid and base (HSAB) theory.

17 Nanostructuring of magnetically hard and soft materials is fascinating for exploring nex

18 rominences, fuse at the midline, forming the hard and soft palate.

19 ccommodates the nano-strain gradient between hard and soft regions and undergoes tension-induced soft

20 ortance of the 'fuzzy interface' between the hard and soft regions that governs the structure evoluti

21 ot show a significant effect on peri-implant hard and soft tissue status in healthy smokers and non-s

22 of separate calibrations built by separating hard and soft wheat, or on kernels placed on similar ori

23 of solar flare onsets show rapid increase of hard and soft X-rays, ultra-violet emission with large D

24 x, enhances the ability of fishes to process hard and tough prey.

25 the complex combination and interactions of "hard" and "soft" phases within the SPCH and its constitu

26 Supertree estimation is itself NP-hard, and no current supertree method has sufficient acc

27 ve no limit when particles become infinitely hard, as confirmed numerically.

28 led Cohorts Equations for estimating 10-year hard atherosclerosis CVD risk was associated with improv

29 xis and a small one of 0.09 for the in-plane hard axis loop measurement.

30 f the device coupled with the application of hard-axis field aids the velocity enhancement by prevent

31 The speed obtained is enhanced when the hard-axis field favors the DMI and is along the current

32 directionality is achieved by application of hard-axis magnetic field favoring and opposing the Dzylo

33 wheat varieties studied were medium-hard to hard based on kernel texture.

34 to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), a hard block component in polyurethane (PUR) synthesis.

35 r of the eggs' yolk, whereas the hardness of hard-boiled egg yolks was not affected.

36 es an inherently "smart" material that gives hard bones added strength under high impact loads.

37 y polluted and undisturbed (control) shallow hard bottom habitats.

38 ects of three scenarios we term soft Brexit, hard Brexit, and failed Brexit.

39 s hardness number(VHN) showed no significant hard brittle phases in the sample.

40 rtensite steels (with C > 0.5 wt.%) are very hard but at the same time as brittle as glass in as-quen

41 shorter with the double-needle procedure in hard calcifications (P < .001) and with the single-needl

42 ive compounds in vegetables and spices after hard cap espresso extraction.

43 Hard cap espresso machines offer a fast, effective and q

44 pproach is used to study SEI films formed on hard carbon in Li- and Na-ion batteries.

45 observed 85 (2.6%) hard coronary, 161 (4.9%) hard cardiovascular, and 241 (7.3%) total cardiovascular

46 nd phase, typically a soft polymer matrix, a hard ceramic matrix, or a metal matrix.

47 effective diffusion coefficients in soft and hard cheese of a group of dextrans (10-500 kDa) were fou

48 or the quantification of low sugar levels in hard cheese, specifically Grana Padano PDO cheese.

49 re, has shown that PROs can be prognostic of hard clinical endpoints such as survival time (time from

50 tudy reports that PROs can be prognostic for hard clinical outcomes in neurological disease, and supp

51 mportantly, COCACOLA takes advantage of both hard clustering and soft clustering by sparsity regulari

52 cation of data-driven gene-sets are based on hard clustering which do not allow overlap across cluste

53 (AI) technology, either based on engineered hard-coded algorithms or deep learning methods, can be u

54 de binding data, but at the same time pose a hard computational inference problem.

55 wing dysfunction is common (82%), worse with hard consistencies (70%), and is associated with frequen

56 inite temperature Monte Carlo simulations of hard core-soft shoulder particles with experimentally re

57 ese results do not match the expectations of hard-core excluded volume theory, nor can they be wholly

58 can be used to detect chemisorbed proteins ("hard corona") as well as physisorbed proteins ("soft cor

59 Hard coronary and cardiovascular events, and total cardi

60 rticipants with CACb>/=400 had high rates of hard coronary and hard/total cardiovascular events (10-y

61 We observed 85 (2.6%) hard coronary, 161 (4.9%) hard cardiovascular, and 241 (

62 e and consists of a target response material hard-coupled to a magnetoelastic wire.

63 terface inside a commercial magnetic storage hard disk drive provides a unique system for such studie

64 we measure the magnetic field generated by a hard-disk-drive write head with high spatial resolution

65 We observed that early exposure to hard domestic water and a fall/winter birth was associat

66 D) appears to be more common in regions with hard domestic water and in children with a fall/winter b

67 The population attributable risk of hard domestic water on AD was 2%.

68 maturity stages: milk (S1), soft dough (S2), hard dough (S3), and physiological maturity (S4).

69 ructure, allows the development of 'biologic hard drives' that can characterize perinatal temporal dy

70 lar drusen (n = 2), soft drusen (n = 1), and hard drusen (n = 1).

71 cular drusen appear more similar to those of hard drusen, their lifecycle and macular complications a

72 genous ultrastructural appearance similar to hard drusen, whereas fragmentation of the central and ba

73 d sensitivity to shifts in reward magnitude: Hard Effort birds showed an enhanced negative contrast e

74 Birds that had experienced Hard Effort were more food motivated than birds that had

75 Recent studies by Harding et al. demonstrate a role for micronuclei format

76 Clinically, this appeared as hard exudate on funduscopic images.

77 east in some cases it resolves with residual hard exudate.

78 ological outcomes between eyes with baseline hard exudates (HE) and all other eyes among patients wit

79 Hard exudates (HEs) are the classical sign of diabetic r

80 acy of radially arranged sectors affected by hard exudates in the detection of CSME.

81 Decision-makers traditionally expect "hard facts" from scientific inquiry, an expectation that

82 btained stress values show that in primates, hard food eaters have stiffer mandibles when compared to

83 so encode diverse predatory enzymes that are hard for pathogens to resist by simple mutation.

84 r large size and various formats render them hard for the wider immunology community to use, and read

85 neutron-star mergers as the drivers of short hard-gamma-ray bursts.

86 D electron gas results in the detection of a hard gap in four out of seven junctions on a chip with c

87 A superconducting hard gap in hybrid superconductor-semiconductor devices

88 ests that bound magnetic polarons create the hard gap in the system that can be closed by magnetic fi

89 ield which suggests a magnetic origin of the hard gap, associated with bound magnetic polarons.

90 st overall performance was achieved with the hard gold flexible platform with sensitivities as large

91 Both electroless and hard gold PCB finishes are examined.

92 trating the greatest deviation; the flexible hard gold platform achieved a sensitivity 4.6mV/pH and 4

93 sults were grade 1, blue (hardest) to green (hard); grade 2, yellow (soft); and grade 3, red (softest

94 on bathymetric highs characterized by sonic hard grounds, whereas glaciomarine and Holocene sediment

95 ntum chemically calculated thermodynamics of hard-hard, hard-soft, and soft-soft adducts.

96 icantly reduce scarring in vivo, compared to hard implants of identical diameter.

97 treams and isolate the impacts stemming from hard infrastructure developments in cities.

98 oordinating policy and communication between hard infrastructure sectors, local city governments and

99 For example, Atlanta's impacts by hard infrastructures extend across four major river basi

100 Across the contiguous United States, cities' hard infrastructures have significantly altered at least

101 ng and nondeterministic polynomial-time (NP) hard instances.

102 d ecology and manage this without the use of hard, internal skeletons.

103 atically and to fold onto itself compared to hard lenses.

104 s performed to assess tissue elasticity, and hard lesions were defined as malignant.

105 activity normalization of rewarded STDP and hard limits on synaptic strength.

106 Rectal examination revealed a hard mass in the retrorectal space.

107 trast, microfabricated neural probes utilize hard metallic conductors, which hinder their long-term p

108 Further application of hard modeling to MCR-ALS deconvolved concentration profi

109 ell as a stricter definition without angina (HARD; ncases = 6,482) and selected cases with the former

110 resting atom excites if a sum of its excited hard neighbours and a weighted sum of its soft neighbour

111 atoms its connected to with chemical bonds (hard neighbours) and atoms being in physical proximity t

112 Nickel catalysts are usually paired with "hard" nucleophiles, which attack the metal before C-C bo

113 relevant in nitrogenase catalysis and that a hard, O-based anionic ligand serves to stabilize this st

114 s gives rise to stable contacts with smooth, hard objects is surprisingly slow.

115 ticles are represented by billiard-ball-like hard objects.

116 ferent stiffness (i.e., soft on one face and hard on the other).

117 mechanical demands of diet-how often or how hard one had to chew-in human populations worldwide.

118 it is difficult to measure the volume of the hard or soft phase material of a composite.

119 fixation of an allele due to drift or either hard or soft sweeps-even those occurring a large genetic

120 For the hard- or soft-templating strategies, different types of

121 shortening of the snout and widening of the hard palate is common to brachycephalic dogs and is a we

122 Recognition of rates and causes of hard, patient-centered outcomes of death and cerebrovasc

123 The mechanisms by which the constraint of a hard pericarp determines germination timing in response

124 Here, we show that the hard pericarp of Lepidium didymum controls germination s

125 We propose that the hard pericarp with this biomechanical mechanism contribu

126 Dispersal of fruits with hard pericarps (fruit coats) encasing seeds has evolved

127 dels are based on the volume fraction of the hard phase of the composite.

128 despite the nanocomposites having a smaller hard-phase content.

129 rmation approach, which consists of oriented hard-phase SmCo rod-shaped grains and soft-phase Fe(Co)

130 iol-ene-epoxy (OSTEMER) polymer resulting in hard-polymer devices that are robust, cost-effective and

131 rsity-inducing tool which, however, is an NP-hard problem.

132 The olfactory system faces a hard problem: on the basis of noisy information from olf

133 can encode the solution to many important NP-hard problems as its ground state.

134 customized analog co-processors for solving hard problems efficiently.

135 sing, there exist classes of computationally hard problems wherein this paradigm is fundamentally ine

136 m computer that can solve general classes of hard problems.

137 (RPE) and Bruch's membrane on SD-OCT, and 2) hard, punctate lesions that are smaller and undetectable

138 (>1.9 eV), showing great stopping power for hard radiation and high intrinsic electrical resistivity

139 open source software platform for achieving hard real-time data acquisition and closed-loop control

140 plied magnetic field gradients, resulting in hard resolution limits of the order of 20-50 mum in favo

141 pical geckos, such as Gekko gecko, encounter hard, rough tree trunks as well as soft, flexible leaves

142 o differentially expressed between soft- and hard-seeded varieties, reflecting differences in their a

143 d analyses provide strong evidence of recent hard selective sweeps in or near four of the six D. pseu

144 significant magnetic coupling and results in hard single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior, with an effe

145 side-by-side comparison between the soft and hard skin layers after multiple cycles of stretching and

146 rators subjectively graded calcifications as hard, soft, or fluid according to their appearance at US

147 these cyclocondensation reactions using the hard-soft acid-base principle, quantum chemical calculat

148 r biomimetic strategies to rationally design hard-soft interfaces.

149 ally calculated thermodynamics of hard-hard, hard-soft, and soft-soft adducts.

150 es, which we find can be explained using the hard/soft acid-base theory.

151 redict the maximum energy product (BH)max of hard/soft composite.

152 igma s) and intrinsic coercivity (H ci) of a hard/soft nanocomposite magnet using the mass fraction.

153 However, the resulting hard/soft nanocomposites often exhibit random crystallog

154 s is demonstrated by manufacturing a complex hard/soft tissue interface and demonstrating that cell p

155 Different from the hard sphere systems where the assembled morphologies are

156 , here validated on video microscopy data of hard-sphere colloidal glasses.

157 s of the pair distribution function near the hard-sphere cutoff.

158 Here, we study hard-sphere glasses which either crystallize or age depe

159 xactly matches the percolation threshold for hard spheres and quantifies the transition between the s

160 , including polymers, proteins, micelles and hard spheres, have been studied in thermal gradients to

161 symptoms of 'straining' at 82.8%, 'lumpy and hard stool' at 74.2% and 'sensation of incomplete evacua

162 n, which corresponded to a custom-programmed hard-stop alert tool in the Epic hospital information sy

163 In addition, a proximity-induced hard superconducting gap (with vanishing sub-gap conduct

164 75 Ga0.25 As-quantum-well-Nb that results in hard superconducting gap detection in symmetric, planar,

165 While gecko adhesion on hard surfaces has been extensively studied, little work

166 fy the deposition of a "vaped" e-liquid onto hard surfaces.

167 fishes that bite and scrape prey attached to hard surfaces.

168 ents, which are particularly helpful for the hard targets for which current methods have a low accura

169 of the improvement increases to 45% for the hard targets that lack sequence and structural homologs

170 Tested on 105 CASP11 targets, 76 past CAMEO hard targets, and 398 membrane proteins, the average top

171 matosensory, and cingulate cortices, whereas hard task difficulty was represented in anterior insular

172 Flavor stability of hard tea beverage was investigated over eight weeks of s

173 d (S)-(-)-4-terpineol dominated in the fresh hard tea samples, however, the configuration changed dur

174 o prepare mesoporous FeS2 without the aid of hard template as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evo

175 are divided into four categories, including hard-templating, soft-templating, self-templating, and m

176 llel micro-PCR reactions, using an automated hard threshold.

177 A daggerCornupalpatum burmanicum hard tick is entangled in a pennaceous feather.

178 llion-year-old Cretaceous amber showing that hard ticks and ticks of the extinct new family Deinocrot

179 ivary or visceral transcriptomes of numerous hard ticks, spanning the genera Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma

180 e of diagnostic disagreement, progression of hard tissue diagnoses in the right TMJ occurred in 15.2%

181 Of 794 joints with baseline joint-specific hard tissue diagnoses of DJD, progression was observed i

182 oft tissue diagnoses and 71% of the baseline hard tissue diagnoses remained stable.

183 Baseline hard tissue diagnoses showed no statistical association

184 e soft tissue diagnoses were associated with hard tissue diagnostic changes at follow-up ( P < 0.0001

185 Degree of hard tissue loss and type of final prosthetic restoratio

186 sthetic restoration as well as the degree of hard tissue loss on 7-y clinical performance of ETT rest

187 This study aims to compare hard tissue outcomes of VBA, with and without recombinan

188 on and demonstrate their value for promoting hard tissue regeneration.

189 y odontogenesis and later differentiation of hard tissue-producing cells.

190 s in structures that can be used as soft and hard tissue-regenerating materials, biosensors, and ener

191 In Biology, this process enables soft and hard tissues to coexist in the same organism with relati

192 progression were confirmed for both soft and hard tissues.

193 systemic impact on the peri-implant soft and hard tissues.

194 uring cell differentiation and production of hard tissues.

195 idation of alpha-CH2 group of free amines is hard to achieve due to the higher reactivity of amine mo

196 g of light by light, something which is very hard to achieve with weakly interacting photons.

197 f copies of a gene and its expression can be hard to anticipate, especially when the gene in question

198 binations of high strength and ductility are hard to attain in metals.

199 ant to both air quality and climate, but are hard to characterize and quantify as they differ signifi

200 s are required or environmental controls are hard to constrain.

201 g for Huntington's disease modifiers, but is hard to define and not always available.

202 y which they perform this function have been hard to define due to limited structural information; cu

203 ons, but often fluctuations may be small and hard to detect.

204 ose, for example, but from what is presently hard to determine by any high-throughput means.

205 ct nature of individual contributions may be hard to determine due to synergistic and masking effects

206 of one, or several, specific fates making it hard to determine which cells should be used to reconstr

207 tal/human factors on the dogs' behaviour are hard to discern from their genetic heritage.

208 Enterococci are opportunistic pathogens, hard to eradicate because of their unusually robust resi

209 However, these parameters are hard to estimate in a macroevolutionary context.

210 ronment and organisms for a long time and is hard to excrete from the body.

211 experimental economic games in ways that are hard to explain via evolutionary mating motives.

212 egies may influence long-term tooth loss are hard to find.

213 ould yield deterministic growth behavior are hard to form.

214 tendency or practice, especially one that is hard to give up" and also "an automatic reaction to a sp

215 arse feature matrices that are statistically hard to handle.

216 t 88% of wheat varieties studied were medium-hard to hard based on kernel texture.

217 atment of neuromuscular disorders, have been hard to identify.

218 data, relevant knowledge is often hidden and hard to identify.

219 of multiple targets (multiplexing) is still hard to implement and time-consuming to conduct.

220 d wood chemistry are complex traits that are hard to improve in long-lived perennials.

221 IF files can be slow to transfer, parse, and hard to incorporate into third-party software tools.

222 led view of genetic interactions, but can be hard to interpret if different gene sets respond in diff

223 They are hard to manage because of their ability to remain dorman

224 ent is most needed, but these infections are hard to manage, and progress has been limited.

225 ellar dust, and distances are very large and hard to measure.

226 inherently broadband, but this is a feature hard to mimic with conventional radiation sources.

227 riers residing in the lowest Landau level is hard to observe in most topological materials.

228 The action of ADC in vivo can be hard to predict based on target expression pattern alone

229 -reported improvement in hearing ability was hard to predict but tended to be smaller for users with

230 e fascinating, as their behavior is not only hard to predict, but also leads to the emergence of exot

231 vore vital rates and population dynamics are hard to predict, given that the expected effects differ

232 ogeneity makes response to therapy extremely hard to predict.

233 Currently it is hard to prepare for and mitigate the impact of space wea

234 complexes remained unknown because they are hard to probe by conventional approaches.

235 , however, remain a matter of debate and are hard to quantify because the degree of isoprenoid inhibi

236 Despite previous research, it is still hard to quantify the overall effects that aerosols have

237 and women) viewed degraded objects that were hard to recognize when presented in isolation but easy t

238 These contextual effects are hard to reconcile with classical theories and have inspi

239 However, it is hard to register vascular structures with high noise and

240 time point, may be unsynchronized making it hard to rely on the measured time for determining these

241 in a visual scene are two problems that are hard to solve separately from each other.

242 iciency of differentiation varies, making it hard to sort for insulin-producing cells.

243 However, economic inequality has been hard to study in ancient societies for which we do not h

244 interesting forms of magnetic order but are hard to study with conventional probes.

245 Various shapes that are hard to synthesize directly are fabricated, and many uni

246 Heterocyclic scaffolds that are either hard to synthesize or require multisteps are readily acc

247 Global climate change effects are hard to tackle but recent studies show that some coral s

248 Hypermethylated cancer populations are hard to treat due to their enhanced chemo-resistance, ch

249 ling a complex dynamical challenge, which is hard to understand with intuition alone.

250 The sublingual route is hard to use since infants can't be trained to hold the v

251 discover that while unbound PD-1 exhibits a hard-to-drug hydrophilic interface, conserved specific t

252 neral strategy for exploiting gaseous and/or hard-to-handle carbene donor reagents in biocatalytic ca

253 o scaffold that is active against a panel of hard-to-kill epithelial cancer cell lines (including tri

254 ative insect herbivores consistently prevent hard-to-predict fluctuations of weeds in environments ot

255 ssary for reconstruction studies to focus on hard-to-predict protein structures.

256 Tuberculosis is over-represented in hard-to-reach (underserved) populations in high-income c

257 ing by older children and adolescents, a key hard-to-reach population.

258 nostic and treatment services by people from hard-to-reach populations in all European Union (EU), Eu

259 tification and management of tuberculosis in hard-to-reach populations to inform recommendations for

260 Tuberculosis disproportionately affects hard-to-reach populations, such as homeless people, migr

261 for identifying and managing tuberculosis in hard-to-reach populations.

262 delay, and was cost-effective among several hard-to-reach populations.

263 ), are now being used to image traditionally hard-to-see protein subpopulations, including nascent po

264 creening of tumour explants, particularly in hard-to-treat cancer types such as brain cancer which su

265 The results may move the needle in this hard-to-treat malignancy.

266 Cb>/=400 had high rates of hard coronary and hard/total cardiovascular events (10-year risk: 12.0%, 1

267 -360] versus 8 [0-83], P<0.0001; similar for hard/total cardiovascular events).

268 uble-zero CACb=CAC5y=0 (10-year coronary and hard/total cardiovascular risk: 1.4%, 2.0%, and 2.8%), w

269 isolates from western Cambodia, signifying a hard transnational selective sweep.

270 ng forms of rapid perceptual improvements in hard trials, as mediated by robust priming and fragile l

271 sy trials can quickly improve performance in hard trials, but it is equivocal whether the improvement

272 ly if the reaction is driven even moderately hard using a large overpotential.

273 ver core-shell (Au@Ag) NPs in EPA moderately hard water (MHW) and MHW containing 2.5 mg L(-1) Suwanne

274 rment resulting from the interaction between hard water and surfactants is a contributory factor to t

275 ts, combined with the high calcium levels of hard water and/or high chlorine levels, is a compelling

276 Living in a hard water area is associated with an increased risk of

277 Sites washed with hard water had significantly increased sodium lauryl sul

278 n-exchange mitigated the negative effects of hard water.

279 , while also serving as consumption hubs of "hard" water and energy infrastructures.

280 basis), with significantly higher values for hard wheats.

281 Older concepts of a hard-wired adult brain have been overturned in recent ye

282 ransducing signals to adjust the activity of hard-wired gene circuitry to expand phytochemical divers

283 xert a dominant influence on developmentally hard-wired hypothalamus-mediated male territorial aggres

284 courtship and indicate that the genetically hard-wired neural mechanisms enforcing behavioral reprod

285 While innate behaviors are considered to be hard-wired stimulus-responses [5], they act within dynam

286 structure that is traditionally viewed as a 'hard-wired' system.

287 oaching 10(20) watts per square centimetre), hard (with photon energies of 8.3 kiloelectronvolts) X-r

288 ., being born wealthy) and individual (e.g., hard work) factors in getting ahead in society (i.e., op

289 , is reported here for the first time in the hard X-ray band ( 20-160 keV).

290 The advent of hard x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) capable of produ

291 We employ the high-speed synchrotron hard X-ray imaging and diffraction techniques to monitor

292 ectron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and synchrotron hard X-ray microprobe (SHXM) data sets to precisely dete

293 st time, implementation of synchrotron-based hard X-ray nanotomography in Al-Cu alloys to measure kin

294 /SrTiO3 (001) heterointerface using soft and hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy in conjunction wit

295 A hard X-ray probe such as X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) ca

296 biological systems and complex materials use hard X-ray pulses with extremely high peak intensities (

297 Here we combine operando hard X-ray spectroscopic imaging and phase-field modelin

298 xperiments using either soft or less-intense hard X-rays, it is thought that the induced charge and a

299 We have developed hard-X-ray vector nanotomography with which to determine

300 port a systematic multi-wavelength survey of hard-X-ray-selected black holes that reveals that radiat