ライフサイエンスコーパス: hardness

1 y were adjusted to provide the same ultimate hardness.

2 ide range of materials of diverse nature and hardness.

3 about methodology and the very definition of hardness.

4 mples showed a further dramatic reduction of hardness.

5 s, cohesiveness, resilience, springiness and hardness.

6 There was no impact of solvent choice on hardness.

7 he compositions of gluten proteins and grain hardness.

8 ere added to WB(4) in an attempt to increase hardness.

9 DPPI expression significantly reduced enamel hardness.

10 interaction was observed with domestic water hardness.

11 ture, decreased decorin expression, and skin hardness.

12 rformance due to food categories and/or food hardness.

13 accumulation in cultivars differing in seed hardness.

14 nt decreased loaf volume and increased crumb hardness.

15 nalities, such as transparency and radiation hardness.

16 ffect the freezing process, meltability, and hardness.

17 ut the two models respond comparably at high hardness.

18 tivar Bala root depth was a function of soil hardness.

19 e investigated to group kernels according to hardness.

20 also tested in vitro via changes in surface hardness.

21 nificant difference in appearance, color and hardness.

22 h slows the convergence towards the limiting hardness.

23 Although cuticle hardness (0.1 GPa) and stiffness (2 GPa) resemble those

24 ardness (range, 6.60-35.90 German degrees of hardness [118-641 mg/L]).

25 on of amaranth protein isolate increased the hardness (16-36%) of the produced tortillas.

26 ely as follows: 0.916, 0.987 and 0.467 N for hardness; 2.12, 4.07 and 5.12 ml water/g sample for wate

27 d organic carbon (DOC, 5 mg C/L) and calcium hardness (50 mg/L as CaCO3).

28 nd cBN domains further contributes to a bulk hardness ~50% higher than sintered cBN.

29 g flakes exhibited an optimal combination of hardness (534.58 gf.mm(-2)), roughness (0.07 mum) and de

30 particular, Z-carbon-4 possesses the highest hardness (93.4) among all the low-energy sp(3)-hybridize

31 A kinetic analysis for TVBN, SSP, hardness, adhesiveness and chewiness, was performed.

32 Six TPA parameters (hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness, springiness, cohesive

33 Hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness levels d

34 At Zn concentrations below 105 mug/L (hardness-adjusted aquatic life criterion), survival betw

35 chemosensory-based BLMs, the USEPA BLM, and hardness-adjustment equations based on the exposure wate

36 tionship was observed between domestic water hardness and AD.

37 The beta-glucan gel showed a reduction in hardness and adhesiveness, which was confirmed by its rh

38 ow swelling volume at 65 degrees C, and high hardness and adhesiveness; in contrast, the low-AM starc

39 Pasta hardness and amylopectin recrystallisation increased, ma

40 lity while displaying exceptional mechanical hardness and barrier properties is presented.

41 MB-A/I showed the highest hardness and chewiness.

42 5) L(*) and b(*) values, and higher (P<0.05) hardness and chewiness.

43 Domestic water hardness and chlorine have been suggested as important r

44 GSF and OLI increased the hardness and consistency.

45 tural support, because of the higher Vickers hardness and density.

46 echanical performance, mandibular form, food hardness and diet categories and that these associations

47 The values of hardness and elastic modulus for the 8DSS-treated enamel

48 is remarkably strengthened with the maximal hardness and elastic modulus of 46.1 GPa and 425 GPa, re

49 h, measured by a nanoscratch test; while the hardness and elastic modulus of the mineralized tissue,

50 reatment, nano-mechanical behaviors, namely, hardness and elastic modulus, were determined by nano-in

51 Alternative approaches to evaluating the hardness and elastic properties of materials exhibiting

52 ume, and density and decreased the mean tube hardness and elasticity by approximately 80 and approxim

53 ) higher scores for rancid and salty flavor, hardness and fibrousness than UF-counterparts.

54 ptadienal), and the structural parameters of hardness and fracturability.

55 e human body and has a unique combination of hardness and fracture toughness that protects teeth from

56 ligands has recently been correlated to the hardness and high extensibility of the cuticle of mussel

57 rieties having higher grain weight had lower hardness and higher yellow pigment content.

58 This was shown through higher tablet hardness and increased plastic deformation profiles of t

59 here the two models differ most (high pH/low hardness and low pH/high hardness) are relatively rare i

60 beta-B6O also has a slightly higher hardness and may be synthesized using different experime

61 cterized in terms of crystalline structures, hardness and microstructures by X-ray diffraction, Vicke

62 * *)) substantially influenced the chapatti hardness and overall score, respectively.

63 onsive to DOC than the BLM across a range of hardness and pH conditions but more responsive to hardne

64 Hardness and retrograded amylopectin significantly incre

65 ntal implications including impacts on water hardness and salinization of drinking water, alterations

66 luate the association between domestic water hardness and season of birth, respectively, with onset o

67 t this was associated with decreased surface hardness and slight changes in surface roughness.

68 he crystalline network of fats, changing the hardness and solids profile.

69 acamite [Cu(2)(OH)(3)Cl] fibers and exhibits hardness and stiffness (transverse to the alignment dire

70 the byssal-thread core, these coatings show hardness and stiffness comparable to those of engineerin

71 lity can be increased only at the expense of hardness and stiffness.

72 Materials combining the hardness and strength of diamond with the higher thermal

73 rge shear modulus is a reliable predictor of hardness and strength of materials, and provide new less

74 tial property assessments show that both the hardness and the oxidation resistance of these high-entr

75 Simultaneous improvement of the hardness and thermal stability of diamond has long been

76 bulk nt-diamond material shows unprecedented hardness and thermal stability, with Vickers hardness up

77 ficant enhancement in mechanical properties (hardness and toughness) can indeed be achieved with this

78 cinating mechanical properties, although its hardness and transverse stiffness are inferior to those

79 or sensing two key textural features of food-hardness and viscosity.

80 s positively correlated with seed size, tofu hardness and water holding capacity and led to significa

81 adical Scavenging Activity, Expansion Ratio, Hardness and Work Done.

82 cantly lower water holding capacity, reduced hardness and yellowish colour compared to the control gr

83 ound to lead to more than 2-fold increase in hardnesses and elastic moduli due to tighter packing of

84 ch independent parameter (i.e., DOC, pH, and hardness) and species-specific intercepts using Analysis

85 egislation and scientific literature (pH and hardness), and qualitatively ranked them by their influe

86 eased the firmness of the cheeses, perceived hardness, and decreased sodium ion mobility, in vivo sod

87 Through density, hardness, and heat capacity measurements, we demonstrate

88 tent decreased cheese firmness and perceived hardness, and increased sodium ion mobility, in vivo sod

89 tively assessing electronegativity, chemical hardness, and ionicity, while also providing new insight

90 , microwave operating frequencies, radiation hardness, and nanoscale dimensions.

91 n a manner independent of viscosity, surface hardness, and polysaccharide production.

92 Density and hardness are found to relax and approach their ambient c

93 rties such as density, refractive index, and hardness are relaxing.

94 r most (high pH/low hardness and low pH/high hardness) are relatively rare in natural aquatic systems

95 roperties of these nanocomposites, including hardness, are comparable to those of enamel despite the

96 arbide or polymer burs, with dental explorer hardness as the end-point for caries removal.

97 sed criteria equations but with DOC, pH, and hardness as the independent variables.

98 our (L( *)), fluorescence intensity (FI) and hardness, as a function of time, for different dough mod

99 ad the most significant (p<0.0001) effect on hardness at 2h and 24h post-baking.

100 tween three graphite composites of different hardness at a standoff distance of approximately 6 m.

101 the unique magnitude and size scaling of the hardness at larger MD sizes and up to experimental scale

102 OF showed robust mechanical properties, with hardness at least 130% greater than that previously meas

103 ition caused a significant increase in crumb hardness at time 0 while a significant reduction of stal

104 asic methodology used by the USEPA to derive hardness-based criteria but with the addition of DOC and

105 tions similar in form to the USEPA's current hardness-based criteria equations but with DOC, pH, and

106 influencing Cu bioavailability than current hardness-based criteria.

107 ferent quality attributes, particularly skin hardness, berry cohesiveness and resilience, total hydro

108 nables the preparation of high-density, high-hardness bulk aluminosilicate glasses.

109 Gsp-1 likely plays little role in grain hardness, but has direct interest due to its utility in

110 urce of alkalinity for removing noncarbonate hardness by WAC media operated in H(+) form.

111 High hardness can be attained by increasing lattice resistanc

112 ng tungsten atoms with tantalum, the Vickers hardness can be increased to 42.8 GPa, creating a new su

113 rent phase boundaries and thus with enhanced hardness can be synthesised.

114 evaluated to classify maize kernels of three hardness categories: hard, medium and soft.

115 carbon structures possess elastic moduli and hardness close to those of the cubic diamond.

116 y known coating in which high compliance and hardness co-exist without mutual detriment; thus, the ro

117 ur affected the quality of dough in terms of hardness, cohesion, adhesion and breaking strength.

118 our by QL (1-5%), a linear increase in crumb hardness, cohesiveness and gumminess was observed.

119 PH-8 were similar to unfrozen control gel in hardness, cohesiveness and gumminess.

120 pansion, overall expansion, specific volume, hardness, color, water solubility index, and water absor

121 More information on the physical (hardness/color), morphological (SEMs), and structural (F

122 iC(0001) exhibits a transverse stiffness and hardness comparable to diamond, is resistant to perforat

123 been tested over wide ranges of DOC, pH, and hardness conditions.

124 n is determined, and a bio-physical model of hardness control with predictive features is offered.

125 Durometer-measured skin hardness correlates well with MRSS and ultrasound-measur

126 ivil Registration System, and domestic water hardness data were obtained from the Geological Survey o

127 In addition, the elastic moduli, Vickers hardness, Debye temperature, melting temperature and a p

128 ts were affected by blanching which caused a hardness decrease but after freezing and one month of fr

129 Besides, a short overview on hardness definitions and hardness measurements is includ

130 tening functions, illuminating the ultrahigh hardness demonstrated in the experiment.

131 her at low pH or very high ionic strength or hardness, demonstrating their high physicochemical stabi

132 s can negatively affect physical attributes (hardness, density, and expansion) while positively affec

133 but is also consistent with widely accepted hardness-dependent WQC in terms of development and form,

134 ace current and/or conventional methods as a hardness descriptor.

135 The effect of genotype on hardness did not reach significance.

136 substrate adhesion resistance against pencil hardness, dry/wet scribed tape peel adhesion and 17.5 kP

137 issociation in C-S-H gel and the increase of hardness due to a transformation from a two- to a three-

138 Notably, intermediate stiffness and hardness (E approximately 52 GPa and H approximately 4.1

139 he c-axis exhibits the highest stiffness and hardness (E approximately 78 GPa and H approximately 4.6

140 The attractive properties of BMGs, such as hardness, elastic limit and yield strength, may also be

141 ted the attributes: appearance, color, odor, hardness, elasticity, stickiness, grittiness, taste, res

142 The hardness enhancement in hexagonal phase is attributed to

143 f partially coherent phase boundaries in the hardness enhancement.

144 A precipitous reduction in hardness ensues, signaling the start of ATP hydrolysis t

145 the chemical potential, mu, and the chemical hardness, eta, leads to the calculation of properties of

146 s work we investigate the microstructure and hardness evolution for a low C low Mn NbTi-microalloyed

147 itrate did not nonetheless influence the gel hardness except for the sample incubated for maximum dur

148 rong relationship between Ca and bitterness, hardness, fibrousness, crunchiness and saltiness (negati

149 ize combines a high-lysine trait with kernel hardness, for which a new, simpler genetic selection was

150 d oxidation, (iii) five textural parameters: hardness, fragility, cohesiveness, springiness and adhes

151 S) and peroxide value (PV)], textural (i.e., hardness, fragility, gumminess, chewiness, springiness,

152 Cooking time, hardness, free and bound phenolics, anthocyanins, proant

153 stals show modulus leap from 4 to 12 GPa and hardness from 400 to 1000 MPa.

154 read factor (SF) and negatively to the grain hardness (GH) and Na2CO3 SRC.

155 Findings indicated that porcelain on a low-hardness gold-infiltrated alloy was vulnerable to both o

156 ions to predict the magnitude and scaling of hardness H versus contact size l(c) in nano-pyramids.

157 t, grain texture is mainly determined by the Hardness (Ha) locus consisting of genes Puroindoline a (

158 High hardness, however, comes at the expense of extensibility

159 onship between shear modulus (G) and Vickers hardness (HV), along with more recent non-linear formula

160 PI resulted in significantly increased crumb hardness in baked bread than the control whereas DCPI or

161 neous modulation of dough strength and grain hardness in durum wheat could significantly improve its

162 Durometer measurements of skin hardness in patients with scleroderma are reliable, simp

163 that such structures have elastic moduli and hardnesses in the range of approximately 0.2-6 GPa and 1

164 Young's modulus and hardness increase correspondingly.

165 But, their hardness increase with the increase of the replacement r

166 As expected, the L( *), FI and hardness increased as a function of time mainly due to t

167 With the addition of 1 at.% Re, the Vickers hardness increased to approximately 50 GPa at 0.49 N.

168 We also demonstrate that nanoindentation hardness increased with amino acid content, reaching val

169 lled aluminum, further deformed locally by a hardness indentation.

170 80kDa+78kDa+74kDa PPs showed very high grain hardness index (97-100).

171 Varieties with higher grain hardness index resulted into flours with higher a( *), a

172 and monomeric proteins were related to grain hardness index.

173 Hardness investigations and AFM measurements indicated t

174 The overall process removes hardness ions from the water being softened and replaces

175 apid Visco Analyser (RVA) can describe maize hardness, irrespective of the RVA profile, when used in

176 olecular solids, especially pharmaceuticals, hardness is an important property that often determines

177 tion pinning model reveals that the enhanced hardness is determined by the force required to cut cova

178 egression models, which showed that the skin hardness is likely to be an important variable in modell

179 ative hexagonal carbon polymorph with unique hardness, is expected to happen during violent meteor im

180 ABTS and FRAP), and sensory attributes (e.g. hardness, jujube-ID, and sweetness).

181 th sodium lauryl sulfate in water of varying hardness levels and chlorine concentrations, rinsed, and

182 ric, fuel cell anode/ cathode, H(2) storage, hardness, Li battery electrodes, luminescence, transpare

183 lines, it constitutes a key component of the Hardness locus.

184 he exogenous trehalose was able to limit the hardness loss of carrots undergone to B, C and D blanchi

185 a short overview on hardness definitions and hardness measurements is included.

186 the head size (normal or short) and bristle hardness (medium or soft) of the TB used.

187 ams was carried out using seven conventional hardness methods (hectoliter mass (HLM), hundred kernel

188 dia and for promoting the crystallization of hardness minerals in a fluidized bed crystallization rea

189 Hardness modelling based on RVA viscograms was carried o

190 irect relationship between the core size and hardness/modulus, analogous to the nanoparticle-filled p

191 basing showed significantly increased Knoop hardness near the cavity floor.

192 Vickers hardness number(VHN) showed no significant hard brittle

193 -sintered polycrystalline sample yielded the hardness of 11.8(4) GPa.

194 e achieves an order of magnitude increase in hardness of 4.13 GPa over its constituents and maintains

195 sting using microindentation gives a Vickers hardness of 43.3 +/- 2.9 GPa under an applied load of 0.

196 Grain hardness of 46 unique PIN missense alleles was then meas

197 on measurements on ReB2 indicated an average hardness of 48 gigapascals under an applied load of 0.49

198 of heuristics is motivated by showing the NP-hardness of a closely related problem.

199 astic modulus of approximately 6-19 GPa, and hardness of approximately 120-170 MPa.

200 tal size, whereas shear has little effect on hardness of asymmetric monounsaturated TAGs.

201 l%), we elucidate the origin of the superior hardness of biogenic calcite.

202 However, hardness of cementum and alveolar bone at any given age

203 Particle size and hardness of chocolates increased in comparison to conven

204 According to the Hall-Petch effect, the hardness of diamond can be enhanced by nanostructuring (

205 ption, bulk density, diametric expansion and hardness of extrudates were evaluated in addition to the

206 Density and hardness of glasses are known to increase upon both comp

207 mproved emulsion stability and increased the hardness of halva significantly.

208 on the colour of the eggs' yolk, whereas the hardness of hard-boiled egg yolks was not affected.

209 unds, antioxidant activity, cooking time and hardness of IAC-600 black rice cultivar and MPB-10 red r

210 M180Tg/DKO mouse enamel had 37% of the hardness of M180Tg/AmelxKO teeth and demonstrated a comp

211 can be effectively employed to engineer the hardness of organic solids.

212 Te reduced pasting properties and hardness of resistant starch III were associated with th

213 n-made space radiation to test the radiation hardness of space electronics.

214 solubility, pasting temperature (PT) and gel hardness of starch gels.

215 als approaching or potentially exceeding the hardness of the diamond indenter, leading to debate abou

216 endent on the absolute electronegativity and hardness of the interacting metal ion.

217 The elastic modulus and hardness of the ligand-free 3.7 nm ZrO2 superlattice are

218 a, local densities, indentation modulus, and hardness of the material, providing quantitative underst

219 tions are because of the mechanical softness/hardness of the materials.

220 Hardness of the MoS2 nanotube was similar to bulk and do

221 utions of various internal interfaces to the hardness of the nanocomposites, and appreciates the outs

222 As a result, both the modulus and hardness of the repaired enamel were significantly incre

223 each polytype, thereby further increase the hardness of this particular material.

224 We establish the hardness of this problem by demonstrating the non-monoto

225 To enhance the hardness of tungsten tetraboride (WB(4)), a notable lowe

226 The hardness of W0.92Zr0.08B4 is 34.7 +/- 0.65 GPa under an

227 not expected to be limited by the radiation hardness of WSe2, but rather by the dielectric and subst

228 tals, hexagonal delta-MoN exhibits excellent hardness of ~30 GPa, which is 30% higher than cubic gamm

229 erry skin break force (also referred as skin hardness or strength) was found between the two harvest

230 a melanogaster, prefers food with a specific hardness or viscosity.

231 th in oim mice is not due to deficiencies of hardness or Young's modulus, but may be due to defects i

232 an MRSS, and is sensitive to changes in skin hardness over time.

233 radial fracture, while porcelain on a higher-hardness palladium-silver alloy fractured chiefly from o

234 ulation in the photostationary state and the hardness parameter eta of the trans isomer show that azo

235 ergistic enhancement in storage modulus, gel hardness, paste viscosity and minimum gelation concentra

236 laboratory experiments over a range of water hardness, pH, and in the presence of complexing ligands

237 The conceptual DFT hardness profile and hardness response show that the (3

238 on of the criteria as well as heuristics and hardness proofs are available from the authors upon requ

239 can be used to produce greater stiffness and hardness properties in a chosen crystallographic orienta

240 content, but negatively correlated with seed hardness, protein, protein plus oil, calcium, manganese,

241 or each 5 degrees increase in domestic water hardness (range, 6.60-35.90 German degrees of hardness [

242 eles upon PIN function, as measured by grain hardness, ranged from neutral (74%) to intermediate to f

243 attributes reveals an indentation modulus-to-hardness ratio extremum, analogous to identifying optimu

244 materials, providing insight into elasticity-hardness relations for ultrahard materials.

245 scopy of indentations to evaluate elasticity-hardness relations in the ultrahard range (HV > 80 GPa)

246 An efficient, easy-to-operate hardness removal process with reduced sodium in both the

247 f a cation exchange resin in Al(3+)-form for hardness removal, that is, exchange of divalent Ca(2+) o

248 s of the cation exchange reaction leading to hardness removal.

249 lts indicated that subsurface water with low hardness residing in sandy soils may have a higher poten

250 The conceptual DFT hardness profile and hardness response show that the (3 + 2) reaction pathway

251 role in determining the physical behaviors (hardness, roughness and density) of flakes of the ZrO2 n

252 Increasing electrophile hardness should increase the probability of attack at th

253 our with the potato powders reduced the cake hardness significantly and the L(*) and b(*) dough color

254 ethods does not result in higher density and hardness, since the effect of compression is countered b

255 of HEW began to darken dramatically and its hardness started to change significantly.

256 l structure and a marked reduction of enamel hardness, suggesting that a functional keratin network i

257 icrostructures by X-ray diffraction, Vickers hardness test method, and atomic force microscopy (AFM)

258 From micro- and nanoindentation hardness testing, all of the compositions within the ran

259 We performed scratch-hardness tests on hardened samples of class G cement bef

260 The metrics of quality included color, hardness/texture, and appearance (photo and SEM), along

261 ess and pH conditions but more responsive to hardness than the BLM.

262 in wear resistance and unusual site-specific hardness that can be locally modulated by a factor of up

263 onding in 1 gives rise to Young's moduli and hardnesses that are up to twice those in 2, while the th

264 s including the radiation and magnetic field hardness, the absence of stray magnetic fields, and the

265 Additionally, at low and intermediate hardness, the MLR model is less responsive than the BLM

266 The hardness, the total phenolic content, the in vitro antio

267 and they exhibit relatively low indentation hardness, typically in the range of 10-20 GPa.

268 entation was utilized to measure the Vickers hardness under applied loads of 0.49-4.9 N.

269 e-centered-cubic alloy in an experiment with hardness up to 100 times as that of single crystals, and

270 hardness and thermal stability, with Vickers hardness up to approximately 200 GPa and an in-air oxidi

271 heir stiffness, shape, porosity, density, or hardness upon remote stimulation.

272 As the Vickers hardness value of human bones is of 315~535 gf.mm(-2) an

273 to boron ratio of 1:11.6 to 1:9 have similar hardness values ( approximately 40 GPa at 0.49 N loading

274 Tensile properties and micro-hardness values are also reported for both as-cast and s

275 effect, which can be seen in the plateauing hardness values for the W1-xZrxB4 alloy.

276 Moderately low Vickers hardness values of 10.6 +/- 0.3 GPa, compared to other t

277 Optimized Vickers hardness values of 52.8 +/- 2.2, 53.7 +/- 1.8, and 53.5

278 This led to hardness values of 55.8 +/- 2.3 and 57.3 +/- 1.9 GPa (un

279 increase of frying temperature decreased the hardness values of wheat chips samples.

280 rediction (RMSEP)) for the quantification of hardness values were always lower or in the same order o

281 8 at. % Ti, 8 at. % Zr, and 6 at. % Hf gave hardness values, Hv, of 50.9 +/- 2.2, 55.9 +/- 2.7 and 5

282 Sensory evaluation of hardness, vanilla flavour and oily off-note was tested d

283 nally been an exercise in compromise between hardness versus ductility.

284 ving the textural properties while the bread hardness was comparable with breads with gluten.

285 Soil hardness was greater in post-agricultural sites (i.e. mo

286 Aerogel hardness was increased by the citrate-mediated crosslink

287 Following heat induced gelation, textural hardness was measured by undertaking compression tests.

288 Skin hardness was measured during a multicenter treatment tri

289 No significant difference in enamel hardness was observed between the F(-)-treated heterozyg

290 mely dissolved organic carbon (DOC), pH, and hardness, we developed Cu criteria using the same basic

291 morphology, phase identification, and micro-hardness were analyzed.

292 zone exhibit very similar elastic moduli and hardness when compared to the base material, and the wel

293 volume, worse sensory attributes and higher hardness), which was minimized when using fine flour.

294 On the other hand, grain hardness, which influences the milling process of flour,

295 difference in relaxation time of density and hardness, which is usually observed for hot compressed g

296 nd processing moisture increased density and hardness while decreasing expansion.

297 ystallization brings along an enhancement of hardness, while grain growth induces softening according

298 e that the (002) plane possesses the highest hardness with measured values of 40.5 and 36.4 GPa, resp

299 ding adhesion, self-assembly, toughness, and hardness without mineralization.

300 When hardness, yellowness, water absorption, and bulk density